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Kim Wŏn-haeng’s Intellectual Influences on Hong Tae-yong
Login Lok-yin Law(나락연) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2015 International Journal of Korean History Vol.20 No.2
18세기 조선(1392-1910), 홍대용(1731-1783)과 같은 몇몇의 학자들은 사회구조 및 조선정부를 개혁하는데에 청(1644-1912)의 장점을 배워야 한다고 주장하였다. 역사가들에 의해 이를 지지하는 학파는 북학파(北學派)로 알려졌고, 북학파의 형성과 전개에 대한 학술적 사실들은 조선사상사 학자들에 의해 검토되어왔다. 사실 북학은 사물의 본성은 인간과 같다고 믿는 낙학파(洛學派)의 사상과 긴밀하게 연결되어 있었다. 김원행은 낙학 지지자 중 한 명이었으며, 홍대용은 그의 제자 중 하나였다. 홍대용의 사상과 작문은 그의 생각이 근본적으로 김원행에 의해 영향을 받았음을 드러낸다. 홍대용은 18세기 조선의 유명한 북학파 학자로 여겨진다. 홍대용과 북학파는 청나라가 야만족이라고 생각하면서도 그들로부터 새로운 지식을 배워야 한다고 주장했다. 이에 따라 이 논문은 낙학의 지식인들이 어떻게 북학파의 형성을 주조했으며, 청으로부터 배워야 한다는 사상을 드러냈는지를 밝히기 위해 홍대용과 김원행의 지적관계를 분석한다. In the 18<SUP>th</SUP> century Chos?n (1392-1910), some scholars, such as Hong Tae-yong (1731-1783) advocated that Chos?n should learn the advantages of the Qing (1644-1912) society to reform the social structure and government of Chos?n. The school of these advocates has been known as Pukhak by historians. The intellectual factors of the school of Pukhak’s formation and development have been overlooked by the academia of Chos?n intellectual history. In fact, Pukhak was closely related to the idea of the school of Nakhak which believed that nature of things was equivalent to humans. Kim W?n-haeng, was one of the supporters of Nakhak and Hong Tae-yong was one of the students of Kim. Hong’s thought and writing exposed that his thought was profoundly influenced by Kim W?n-haeng. Hong was deemed to be the first prominent scholar of the Pukhak School during the 18<SUP>th</SUP> century Chos?n. Hong and other scholars of Pukhak advocated learning the new knowledge from Qing China even though it was a barbarian society. Therefore, this paper will investigate the intellectual relationships between Hong Tae-yong and Kim W?n-haeng to reveal how intellectuals of Nakhak shaped the formation of Pukhak School and exposed the idea of learning from Qing China.
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The role of aquaporin-5 in cancer cell migration: A potential active participant
Jensen, H.H.,Login, F.H.,Koffman, J.S.,Kwon, T.H.,Nejsum, L.N. Pergamon 2016 The international journal of biochemistry & cell b Vol.79 No.-
Emerging data identifies the water channel aquaporin-5 as a major player in multiple cancers. Over-expression of aquaporin-5 has been associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis, suggesting that aquaporin-5 may enhance cancer cell migration. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge and hypothesis regarding downstream signaling partners of aquaporin-5 in relation to cancer cell migration. The molecular mechanisms that link aquaporin-5 to cell migration are not completely understood. Aquaporin-5 may promote cell movement by increasing water uptake into the front of the cell allowing local swelling. Aquaporin-5 may also activate extracellular-regulated kinases, increasing proliferation and potentially stimulating the migration machinery. Thus, further studies are warranted to identify the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways. This will reveal whether aquaporin-5 and downstream effectors could be targets for developing new cancer therapeutics.
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Jensen, Helene H.,Login, Fré,dé,ric H.,Park, Ji-Young,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Nejsum, Lene N. Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aberrant levels of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) expression have been observed in several types of cancer, including breast cancer, where AQP5 overexpression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. In cultured cancer cells, AQP5 facilitates cell migration and activates Ras signaling. Both increased cell migration and Ras activation are associated with cancer metastasis, but so far it is unknown if AQP5 also affects these processes <I>in vivo</I>. Therefore, we investigated if high AQP5 expression in breast cancer tissue correlated with increased activation of Ras and of Rac1, which is a GTPase also involved in cell migration. This was accomplished by immunohistochemical analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast tissue sections from human patients, followed by qualitative and quantitative correlation analysis between AQP5 and activated Ras and Rac1. Immunohistochemistry revealed that activation of Ras and Rac1 was positively correlated. There was, however, no correlation between high AQP5 expression and activation of Ras, whereas a nonsignificant, but positive, tendency between the levels of AQP5 and activated Rac1 levels was observed. In summary, this is the first report that correlates AQP5 expression levels to downstream signaling partners in breast cancer tissue sections. The results suggest Rac1 as a potential downstream signaling partner of AQP5 <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Subcellular AQP5 localization is altered in human breast cancer. </LI> <LI> Correlation analysis of GTPase activation and AQP5 in human breast cancer. </LI> <LI> Positive tendency for correlation between Rac-GTP and AQP5 in human breast cancer. </LI> <LI> Ras-GTP and Rac1-GTP positively correlated in human breast cancer. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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