Green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in greenhouse with high temperature

Xiaodong Wang,Xingguo Liu1,Boqiang Qin,Zhaojun Gu,Hao Xu,Hao Zhu,Guofeng Cheng,Huang Liu 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.3

In order to understand the mechanisms of conversion between different algal dominance, an experiment was performed in a greenhouse from 22 June to 10 July 2011. The experiment included a treatment group subjected to three instances of nutrient enrichment and a control with no nutrient enrichment. The initial water was dominated by Ankistrodesmus of Chlorophyta. The average water temperature at 08:30 h and 14:00 h during the experiment was 31.6°C and 34.6°C, respec¬tively. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the treatment were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). However, the TN/TP and DTN/DTP in the control was higher than in the treatment (P < 0.05). The dominant algae in the control did not change during the experiment, while the dominant algae in the treat¬ment switched to Planktothrix of Cyanophyta on day 9. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), wet weight of all algae, wet weight of Cyanophyta, and percentage of Cyanophyta in the control were all significantly lower than in the treatment (P < 0.05). Amounts of zooplankton, especially rotifers, were present at the end of the experimental period. The density of rotifers between the control and treatment was not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the copepod density in the treatment was higher than in the control (P < 0.05). We conclude that green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in a greenhouse with elevated temperature

The mediating role of atrial fibrillation in causal associations between risk factors and stroke: a Mendelian randomization study

Shanmei Qin(Shanmei Qin),Mengmeng Wang(Mengmeng Wang),Dipender Gill(Dipender Gill ),Zhizhong Zhang(Zhizhong Zhang),Xinfeng Liu(Xinfeng Liu) 한국역학회 2024 Epidemiology and Health Vol.46 No.-

STAR FORMATION LAWS IN BOTH GALACTIC MASSIVE CLUMPS AND EXTERNAL GALAXIES: EXTENSIVE STUDY WITH DUST CONINUUM, HCN (4-3), AND CS (7-6)

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Yoo, Hyunju,Liu, Sheng-yuan,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Wang, Ke,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Juvela, Mika,Lee, Jeong-Eun,Tó,th, L. Viktor,Mardones, D American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.829 No.2

<P>We observed 146 Galactic clumps in HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope. A tight linear relationship between star formation rate and gas mass traced by dust continuum emission was found for both Galactic clumps and the high redshift (z > 1) star forming galaxies (SFGs), indicating a constant gas depletion time of similar to 100 Myr for molecular gas in both Galactic clumps and high z SFGs. However, low z galaxies do not follow this relation and seem to have a longer global gas depletion time. The correlations between total infrared luminosities (L-TIR) and molecular line luminosities (L-mol') of HCN (4-3) and CS (7-6) are tight and sublinear extending down to clumps with L-TIR similar to 10(3) L-circle dot. These correlations become linear when extended to external galaxies. A bimodal behavior in the L-TIR-L-mol' correlations was found for clumps with different dust temperature, luminosity-to-mass ratio, and sigma(line)/sigma(vir). Such bimodal behavior may be due to evolutionary effects. The slopes of L-TIR-L-mol' correlations become more shallow as clumps evolve. We compared our results with lower J transition lines in Wu et al. (2010). The correlations between clump masses and line luminosities are close to linear for low effective excitation density tracers but become sublinear for high effective excitation density tracers for clumps with L-TIR larger than L-TIR similar to 10(4.5) L-circle dot. High effective excitation density tracers cannot linearly trace the total clump masses, leading to a sublinear correlations for both M-clump-L-mol' and L-TIR-L-mol' relations.</P>

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lectin from the Wild Mushroom Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan.: Fr.) Sing.

Qin Liu,Tzi BunNg,He Xiang Wang 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.3

A novel lectin (ORL), with a molecular mass of 30 kDa and a unique amino acid sequence, was purified from dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan.: Fr.) Sing. ORL is a dimer made of two 15-kDa subunits. The purification procedure encompassed ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and QSepharose and fast protein liquid chromatography-gel filtration on Superdex 75. The hemagglutinating activity of ORL was stable at temperatures up to 70oC and between pH 2.0 ~ 11.0, and was reduced at higher temperatures, and under acidic and alkaline conditions. The activity was activated by Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ ions, and inhibited by Hg2+ and Fe2+ ions. ORL showed no specificity toward the carbohydrates tested. Unlike previously reported mushroom lectins, ORL had no inhibitory effect on HIV-1reverse transcriptase and proliferation of hepatoma HepG2cells, as well as breast cancer MCF7 cells, when tested up to 500 μM.

Improved photochemical properties of Aurivillius Bi₅Ti₃FeO₁₅ with partial substitution of Ti⁴⁺ with Fe³⁺

Liu, Xuanxuan,Xu, Lei,Huang, Yanlin,Qin, Chuanxiang,Qin, Lin,Seo, Hyo Jin Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.15

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work improved the optical absorption and photocatalytic ability of four-layered Aurivillius Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3</SUB>FeO<SUB>15</SUB> through microstructural modification via partial substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>. Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (x = 0–0.6) photocatalysts were prepared through sol-gel citrate-complexation synthesis. The sample crystallized into plate-like nanoparticles with [001] facets. Phase formation and crystal structure were confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinements. Bi<SUB>5</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (x = 0–0.6) maintained its structural characteristic, i.e., a perovskite unit of (Bi<SUB>3</SUB>Ti<SUB>3−x</SUB>Fe<SUB>1+x</SUB>O<SUB>13</SUB>)<SUP>2–</SUP> sandwiched by two (Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUP>2+</SUP> layers along <I>c</I> axis. The samples were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and specific surface area analyses. The band gap showed characteristic transitions from the valence band (VB) of (O2p+Fe<I>t</I> <SUB>2g</SUB>+Bi6s) to the conduction band (CB) of (Ti-3d+Fe-<I>e</I> <SUB>g</SUB>). With increasing substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, the sample greatly red shifted its absorption edges. The d–d transitions in FeO<SUB>6</SUB> greatly contribute to the narrow band-gap. Aurivillius is a potential photocatalyst and demonstrated photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420nm). Such photocatalytic activities were attributed to the special structural layer and the catalytic mediators of multivalent Ti<SUP>4+/3+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+/2+</SUP> ions in the perovskite slabs as confirmed by XPS measurements. Results suggested that substitution of Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> with Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> in an Aurivillius phase was an efficient method to modify the bandwidth and structure of Aurivillius phase. This phenomenon can be used as a strategy to improve the photochemical properties of Ti/Fe-containing Aurivillius phases.</P>

Cloning of B. thuringiensis Plasmids using a Modified Plasmid Capture System

Qin Liu,Jong Yul Roh,Yong Wang,Jae Young Choi,Hee Jin Shim,Hong Guang Xu,Xueying Tao,Byung Rae Jin,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

Bacillus thuringiensis 1-3 (Bt 1-3), belonging to subsp. aizawai (H7), showed different characteristics in plasmid profiles and had cry2A gene in addition to cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C and cry1D. This strain exhibited dual insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti as well as Plutella xylostella. Recently, we improved the donor-s of plasmid capture system (PCS) by inserting attB sites including lacZ between transposable elements (designated as pPCS-Troy), to construct E.coli-Bt shuttle vector. Through in vitro transposition with total plasmids DNA of Bt 1-3, 53 clones were acquired and their range of sizes were approximately 10 kb. Based on the sequence analysis, they were classified in 4 groups showing similarity with 4 known plasmids, pGI1, pGI2, pGI3 and pBMB175, respectively. One of pGI3-like clones was fully sequenced and its open reading frames were analyzed. As a donor for construction of shuttle vector, pDonr-attPEm vector harboring erythromycin resistant gene between attP sites was constructed. Through BP recombination with pPCS-Troy-cloned Bt plasmids and pDonr-attPEm, erythromycin resistant gene was transposed to Bt plasmids. This scheme proposes that in vitro transposition using pPCS-Troy and BP recombination using pDonr-attPEm can easily construct novel shuttle vectors with any Bt plasmids and this combined procedure can introduce foreign gengs into various circular DNA molecular.

Compressed Magnetic Field in the Magnetically Regulated Global Collapsing Clump of G9.62+0.19

Liu, Tie,Kim, Kee-Tae,Liu, Sheng-Yuan,Juvela, Mika,Zhang, Qizhou,Wu, Yuefang,Li, Pak Shing,Parsons, Harriet,Soam, Archana,Goldsmith, Paul F.,Su, Yu-Nung,Tatematsu, Ken’ichi,Qin, Sheng-Li,Garay, Guido American Astronomical Society 2018 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.869 No.1

GLAC-SVM Combined Poselet with Blocked Particle Filter for Human Detection and Tracking

Qin Tong Liu,Ngoc Nam Bui,Jin Young Kim(김진영) 한국정보기술학회 2016 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

Human tracking based detection (HAR) in recent years has attracted much attention from the research community due to its challenges as well as wide application. In this paper, we investigate the use of Poselet detector verified by Gradient Local Auto Correlation (GLAC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detecting human boundary. After that, each detected candidate is associated with a suitable tracker following the Probabilistic Data Association Filter(PDAF). For those tracker that has not been assigned, a tracking approach based block Particle Filter is in charge to maintain their existence. We conduct our experiments the open dataset PESTS 2009 and our self-recorded one CNU. We compare our method with Adaptive Boosting (Adaboost) particles filter tracking in the case of CNU dataset. The average accuracy of Blocked Particle Filter is 56.41% which outperforms that of Adaboost tracking with only 25.58%.

SMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE W3(OH) COMPLEX: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN W3(H₂O) AND W3(OH)

Qin, Sheng-Li,Schilke, Peter,Wu, Jingwen,Wu, Yuefang,Liu, Tie,Liu, Ying,Sá,nchez-Monge, Á,lvaro IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.803 No.1

<P>We report on the Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of molecular lines at 270 GHz toward the W3(OH) and W3(H2O) complex. Although previous observations already resolved the W3(H2O) into two or three subcomponents, the physical and chemical properties of the two sources are not well constrained. Our SMA observations clearly resolved the W3(OH) and W3(H2O) continuum cores. Taking advantage of the line fitting tool XCLASS, we identified and modeled a rich molecular spectrum in this complex, including multiple CH3CN and CH3OH transitions in both cores. HDO, C2H5CN, (OCS)-C-13, and vibrationally excited lines of HCN, CH3CN, and CH3OCHO were only detected in W3(H2O). We calculate gas temperatures and column densities for both cores. The results show that W3(H2O) has higher gas temperatures and larger column densities than W3(OH) as previously observed, suggesting physical and chemical differences between the two cores. We compare the molecular abundances in W3(H2O) to those in the Sgr B2(N) hot core, the Orion KL hot core, and the Orion Compact Ridge, and discuss the chemical origin of specific species. An east-west velocity gradient is seen in W3 (H2O), and the extension is consistent with the bipolar outflow orientation traced by water masers and radio jets. A north-south velocity gradient across W3(OH) is also observed. However, with current observations we cannot be assured whether the velocity gradients are caused by rotation, outflow, or radial velocity differences of the subcomponents of W3(OH).</P>

Direct octane fuel cells: A promising power for transportation

Liu, M.,Choi, Y.,Yang, L.,Blinn, K.,Qin, W.,Liu, P.,Liu, M. Elsevier 2012 Nano energy Vol.1 No.3

The demand for electric vehicles has inspired extensive efforts to develop solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for transportation. However, the high cost of hydrogen fueled SOFC systems and the deactivation of Ni-YSZ anodes in hydrocarbon fuels hinder the progress of SOFCs' development and commercialization. Here, we report a unique multi-functional anode for SOFCs that allows direct utilization of transportation fuels (iso-octane) without co-feeding O<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, demonstrating a peak power density of ∼0.6W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 750<SUP>o</SUP>C. The multi-functional anode is derived from a conventional NiO-YSZ anode with BaCO<SUB>3</SUB> modification in the anode support, creating a catalytically active conformal coating of BaZr<SUB>1-x</SUB>Y<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3-δ</SUB> (BZY) on YSZ and nano-islands of BaO on Ni surface, which greatly promote reforming of octane and oxidation of the reformed fuels. Further, the simple and cost-effective modification process can be readily adopted in the fabrication of the state-of-the-art NiO-YSZ supported cells.