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이기준,윤세중,이현구 한국화학공학회 1986 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.24 No.1
구형 무연탄 입자에 대하여 수축핵모델을 적용하여 비등온 연소현상을 연구하였다. 설정된 모델의 해가 존재하는 가능성영역(feasibility region)을 추적하여 연소현상의 예측에 이용하였으며 이 영역의 경계곡선은 단일회분층모델과 이중회분층모델로 표현되는 3종류의 한계상황을 해석하여 결정될 수 있음을 보였다. 이로부터 여러가지 입자표면온도에 대응하는 미반응탄 표면온도의 상한과 하한을 추정하였으며, 또한 입자표면에서의 반응물 및 생성물의 속(束)들과 에너지속(束)의 상한과 하한을 식으로 표현하고 반응의 진행에 따라 가능성영역이 변화하는 추이를 관찰하였다. 무연탄입자 연소의 경우 해의 다중성이 나타날 가능성은 적으며 입자표면온도가 높을 때 회분층에서 CO의 재연소반응은 무시될 수 있는 것으로 추론된다. A nonisothermal combustion model for a spherical anthracite briquette is developed and studied on the basis of the unreacted shrinking core model. The feasibility region, in which the solution must lie, is constructed and used for the prediction of the combustion characteristics. It turns out that the bounding curves of the feasibility region may be determined by analyzing the three limiting cases known as the single ash layer model and the double ash layer model. This treatment enables us to find the upper and lower bounds of the unreacted core surface temperature corresponding to various particle surface temperature. The solutions of the limiting cases provide expressions for the upper and lower bounds of the mo'1ar fluxes of the reactants and products as well as those of the energy flux at the particle surface. Also examined is the way how the feasibility region changes as the combustion proceeds. In the case of anthracite briquitte combustion it is unlikely that multiple solutions may exist and it is deduced that the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide in the ash layer may be neglected when the particle surface temperature is sufficiently high.
Lhee, Sang Choon Architectural Institute of Korea 2014 Architectural research Vol.16 No.2
Risks, uncertainties, and associated cost overruns are critical problems for construction projects. Cost contingency is an important funding source for these unforeseen events and is included in the base estimate to help perform financially successful projects. In order to predict more accurate contingency, many empirical models using regression analysis and artificial neural network method have been proposed and showed its viability to minimize prediction errors. However, categorical factors on contingency cannot have been treated and thus considered in these empirical models since those models are able to treat only numerical factors. This paper identified potential factors on contingency in transportation construction projects and evaluated categorical factors using the one-way ANOVA statistical method. Among factors including project work type, delivery method type, contract agreement type, bid award type, letting type, and geographical location, two factors of project work type and contract agreement type were found to be statistically important on allocating cost contingency.
Lhee, Duckhyun,Yang, Eun Chan,Kim, Jong Im,Nakayama, Takuro,Zuccarello, Giuseppe,Andersen, Robert A.,Yoon, Hwan Su Elsevier 2017 Protist Vol.168 No.2
<P>The thecate filose amoeba <I>Paulinella chromatophora</I> is a good model organism for understanding plastid organellogenesis because its chromatophore was newly derived from an alpha-cyanobacterium. <I>Paulinella chromatophora</I> was the only known photosynthetic <I>Paulinella</I> species until recent studies that suggested a species level of diversity. Here, we described a new photosynthetic species <I>P. micropora</I> sp. nov. based on morphological and molecular evidence from a newly established strain KR01. The chromatophore genome of <I>P. micropora</I> KR01 was fully determined; the genome was 976,991bp in length, the GC content was 39.9%, and 908 genes were annotated. A pairwise comparison of chromatophore genome sequences between strains KR01 and FK01, representing two different natural populations of <I>P. micropora</I>, showed a 99.85% similarity. Differences between the two strains included single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CDSs, which resulted in 357 synonymous and 280 nonsynonymous changes, along with 245 SNPs in non-coding regions. Indels (37) and microinversions (14) were also detected. Species diversity for photosynthetic <I>Paulinella</I> was surveyed using samples collected from around the world. We compared our new species to two photosynthetic species, <I>P. chromatophora</I> and <I>P. longichromatophora</I>. Phylogenetic analyses using four gene markers revealed three distinct lineages of photosynthetic <I>Paulinella</I> species including <I>P. micropora</I> sp. nov.</P>