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Geng, Jianxin,Liu, Leijing,Yang, Seung Bo,Youn, Sang-Cheon,Kim, Dae Woo,Lee, Ji-Sun,Choi, Jong-Kil,Jung, Hee-Tae American Chemical Society 2010 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.114 No.34
<P>We report a simple method for preparing transparent conductive graphene films using a chemically converted graphene (CCG) suspension that was obtained via controlled chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) in the absence of dispersants. Upon thermal annealing of the CCG films, the films displayed a sheet resistance on the order of 10<SUP>3</SUP> Ω·◻<SUP>−1</SUP> at 80% transparency (550 nm), with a bulk conductivity on the order of 10<SUP>2</SUP> S·cm<SUP>−1</SUP>. FT-IR, UV−visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the combination of the controlled reduction of GO in suspension and thermal annealing of the CCG films efficiently restored the sp<SUP>2</SUP> carbon networks of the graphene sheets, facilitating charge carrier transport in the individual CCG sheets. Furthermore, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction results showed that the thermal annealing of the CCG films reduced the interlayer distance between the CCG sheets to a distance comparable to that in bulk graphite, facilitating charge carrier transport across the CCG sheets. Polymer solar cell devices composed of the CCG films as transparent electrodes showed power conversion efficiencies, η, of 1.01 ± 0.05%, which corresponded to half the value (2.04 ± 0.1%) of the reference devices, in which indium tin oxide-covered glass was used for the transparent electrode.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2010/jpccck.2010.114.issue-34/jp105029m/production/images/medium/jp-2010-05029m_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp105029m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Weicai Wu,Leijing Liu,Yinhua Zhou,Shanpeng Wen,Wenjing Tian 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.5
The influence of two components blend ratio, solution concentration and thermal annealing on the morphology of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV): N,N'-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4:9,10-perylene bis(tetracarboxyl diimide) (EP-PTC) blend films spin-cast from chloroform solutions has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images show that the dimension of the phase separation increases with the EP-PTC content and total solution concentration. When the annealing temperature increases from 90 to 150 ℃, the EP-PTC crystal-like clusters grow rapidly. Solar cells based on MEH-PPV:EP-PTC blend films with different weight ratios were fabricated. The device with 1:3 weight ratio has a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.072% compared with the devices with 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 ratio, which increases by about 14 times over that of the device with 1:1 ratio that has a PCE of 0.005%. It is indicated that the optimum performance of the photovoltaic device is strongly related to the finer phase separation between MEH-PPV and EP-PTC on a submicron scale which enables an efficient dissociation of photogenerated excitons, and the pure EP-PTC phase can build up a percolating network with pathways large enough to enhance electron transport.