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Sub ppm Gas Sensing Using a CNTFET-Based Sensor Array Fabricated Using Dierent Metals as Electrodes
Paolo Bondavalli,Pierre Legagneux,Didier Pribat 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1
This paper deals with the fabrication of carbon nanotube eld effect transistors (CNTFETs) for gas sensing applications. The aim of this study is to achieve a sort of fingerprinting of a specific gas by using an array of CNTFET-based sensors. The electronic ngerprinting will be obtained by exploiting the change of the metal electrode work function after gas exposure. This one strictly depends on the metal/gas interaction and consequently in uences univocally the transfer characteristics of each transistors. To demonstrate this original concept, we have fabricated different CNTFETs using different metal contacts: Au, Pt and Mo. Using these transistors, we have shown that a specific gas, in our case DiMethyl-Methyl-Phosphonate (DMMP, a sarin simulant), interacts specifically with each metal: exposure to 0.5 ppm of DMMP reduces the transistor ON current by 10 %, 60 % and 25 % after 5 minutes respectively for Au, Pt, Mo-based CNTFETs at V<SUB>GS</SUB> = -25 Volt. We think that this new approach can be applied for highly selective sensing of various gases using ultra-compact, room temperature and very low power devices. This paper deals with the fabrication of carbon nanotube eld effect transistors (CNTFETs) for gas sensing applications. The aim of this study is to achieve a sort of fingerprinting of a specific gas by using an array of CNTFET-based sensors. The electronic ngerprinting will be obtained by exploiting the change of the metal electrode work function after gas exposure. This one strictly depends on the metal/gas interaction and consequently in uences univocally the transfer characteristics of each transistors. To demonstrate this original concept, we have fabricated different CNTFETs using different metal contacts: Au, Pt and Mo. Using these transistors, we have shown that a specific gas, in our case DiMethyl-Methyl-Phosphonate (DMMP, a sarin simulant), interacts specifically with each metal: exposure to 0.5 ppm of DMMP reduces the transistor ON current by 10 %, 60 % and 25 % after 5 minutes respectively for Au, Pt, Mo-based CNTFETs at V<SUB>GS</SUB> = -25 Volt. We think that this new approach can be applied for highly selective sensing of various gases using ultra-compact, room temperature and very low power devices.
The Rat Model in Microsurgery Education: Classical Exercises and New Horizons
Shurey, Sandra,Akelina, Yelena,Legagneux, Josette,Malzone, Gerardo,Jiga, Lucian,Ghanem, Ali Mahmoud Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
Microsurgery is a precise surgical skill that requires an extensive training period and the supervision of expert instructors. The classical training schemes in microsurgery have started with multiday experimental courses on the rat model. These courses have offered a low threat supervised high fidelity laboratory setting in which students can steadily and rapidly progress. This simulated environment allows students to make and recognise mistakes in microsurgery techniques and thus shifts any related risks of the early training period from the operating room to the lab. To achieve a high level of skill acquisition before beginning clinical practice, students are trained on a comprehensive set of exercises the rat model can uniquely provide, with progressive complexity as competency improves. This paper presents the utility of the classical rat model in three of the earliest microsurgery training centres and the new prospects that this versatile and expansive training model offers.
The Rat Model in Microsurgery Education: Classical Exercises and New Horizons
Sandra Shurey,Yelena Akelina,Josette Legagneux,Gerardo Malzone,Lucian Jiga,Ali Mahmoud Ghanem 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.3
Microsurgery is a precise surgical skill that requires an extensive training period and the supervision of expert instructors. The classical training schemes in microsurgery have started with multiday experimental courses on the rat model. These courses have offered a low threat supervised high fidelity laboratory setting in which students can steadily and rapidly progress. This simulated environment allows students to make and recognise mistakes in microsurgery techniques and thus shifts any related risks of the early training period from the operating room to the lab. To achieve a high level of skill acquisition before beginning clinical practice, students are trained on a comprehensive set of exercises the rat model can uniquely provide, with progressive complexity as competency improves. This paper presents the utility of the classical rat model in three of the earliest microsurgery training centres and the new prospects that this versatile and expansive training model offers.
Etchant-induced shaping of nanoparticle catalysts during chemical vapour growth of carbon nanofibres
He, Z.B.,Maurice, J.L.,Lee, C.S.,Gohier, A.,Pribat, D.,Legagneux, P.,Cojocaru, C.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Carbon Vol.49 No.2
Carbon nanofibres (CNFs) obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition are made of cone-shaped graphene layers, the opening angle of which has a significant influence on their properties: the smaller the angle, the closer the properties to those of carbon nanotubes. That angle is determined by the shape of the metal nanoparticle used to catalyse the growth. We show in this paper that the shape of Ni nanoparticle catalysts, and in turn the CNF properties, can be tuned during plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition, by the choice of the etchant gas. We show in particular that a water-containing etchant (H<SUB>2</SUB>O or H<SUB>2</SUB>O+H<SUB>2</SUB>) increases the growth rate by an order of magnitude at 600<SUP>o</SUP>C compared to an ammonia-containing etchant (NH<SUB>3</SUB> or NH<SUB>3</SUB>+H<SUB>2</SUB>), and leaves more elongated Ni particles with a cone angle three times smaller. We conclude that the cone angle and the growth rate are directly related, and propose a mechanism to explain that large difference between the two etchants
Aligned carbon nanotubes/fibers for applications in vacuum microwave devices
W.I.Milne,K.B.K.Teo,G.A.J.Amaratunga,R.Lacerda,P.Legagneux,G.Pirio,V.Semet,V.Thien Binh 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5
Carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary eld emission properties because of their high electrical conductivity, ideal high aspectratio whisker-like shape for geometrical eld enhancement, and remarkable thermal stability. This paper will describe the PECVDgrowth of vertically aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes which are suitable for use as the electron emitters in a novel type ofmicrowave amplier capable of producing of order 10 W at 30 GHz.
Electron emission from arrays of carbon nanotubes/fibres
W. I. Milne,K. B. K. Teo,M. Chhowalla,G. A. J. Amaratunga,D. Pribat,P. Legagneux,G. Pirio,Vu Thien Binh,V. Semet 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.6
The overall aim of this work is to produce arrays of eld emitting microguns, based on carbon nanotubes, which can be utilised inthe manufacture of large area eld emitting displays, parallel e-beam lithography systems and electron sources for high frequency(MWCNTs) using a dc plasma technique and a Ni catalyst. We will discuss how the density of the carbon nanotube/bres can bevaried by reducing the deposition yield through nickel interaction with a diusion layer or by direct lithographic patterning of the Nicatalyst to precisely dene the position of each nanotube/bre. Details of the eld emission behaviour of the dierent arrays ofMWCNTS will also be presented.. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.