인동덩굴로부터 분리된 Cynaroside이 Doxorubicin으로 유도된 인간 근위세뇨관 HK-2 세포의 괴사에 미치는 저해 효과

노종현,정호경,이무진,장지훈,심미옥,정자균,정다은,안병관,조현우,Nho, Jong Hyun,Jung, Ho Kyung,Lee, Mu Jin,Jang, Ji Hun,Sim, Mi Ok,Jung, Ja Kyun,Jung, Da Eun,An, Byeong Kwan,Cho, Hyun Woo 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Background: Cynaroside is a flavone, a flavonoid-like compound, known by different names (luteoloside and cinaroside). It is commonly found in Lonicera japonica Thunb., Chrysanthemum moriflium, and Angelica keiskei. The process of cell death has been classified as necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis refers to unregulated cell death induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline anti-cancer drug used to treat acute leukemia, cancer, and lymphoma. However, it induces nephrotoxicity including tubular damage. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of cynaroside against doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Methods and Results: To confirm the beneficial effect of cynaroside on doxorubicin-induced necrosis, HK-2 cells, a human proximal tubule epithelial cell line were treated with $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin and $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside. Doxorubicin treatment resulted in increased DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation during cell necrosis. However, pretreatment with $80{\mu}M$ cynaroside attenuated DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity and mitochondria hyperactivation induced by $10{\mu}M$ doxorubicin in HK-2 cells. Conclusions: These results indicated that pretreatment with cynaroside ameliorated doxorubicin-induced necrosis in HK-2 cells. Therefore, cynaroside be used as a therapeutic agent for improving doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity. However, further studies are required to evaluated the toxicity of cynaroside treatment in animals and to determine its protective effect against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in an animal model.

Fabrication of a Bottom Electrode for a Nano-scale Beam Resonator Using Backside Exposure with a Self-aligned Metal Mask

Lee, Yong-Seok,Jang, Yun-Ho,Bang, Yong-Seung,Kim, Jung-Mu,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Yong-Kweon The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2009 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.4 No.4

In this paper, we describe a self-aligned fabrication method for a nano-patterned bottom electrode using flood exposure from the backside. Misalignments between layers could cause the final devices to fail after the fabrication of the nano-scale bottom electrodes. A self-alignment was exploited to embed the bottom electrode inside the glass substrate. Aluminum patterns act as a dry etching mask to fabricate glass trenches as well as a self-aligned photomask during the flood exposure from the backside. The patterned photoresist (PR) has a negative sidewall slope using the flood exposure. The sidewall slopes of the glass trench and the patterned PR were $54.00^{\circ}$ and $63.47^{\circ}$, respectively. The negative sidewall enables an embedment of a gold layer inside $0.7{\mu}m$ wide glass trenches. Gold residues on the trench edges were removed by the additional flood exposure with wet etching. The sidewall slopes of the patterned PR are related to the slopes of the glass trenches. Nano-scale bottom electrodes inside the glass trenches will be used in beam resonators operating at high resonant frequencies.

부산시 소재 각급 학교에 대한 대기오염도의 비교분석

이현희,정장표,장영환,이무강 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏報 Vol.12 No.1

According to the conclusion of this study, air pollution concentration of Youngdo-gu belong to Seobu educational institution was in the lowest density.(SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, PM-10 : 32 ㎍/㎥, No_2 : 0.016 ppm) and Dongnae-gu belong to Dongnae educational institution was in the highest.(SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, PM-10 : 88㎍/㎥, No_2 : 0.047 ppm) Air pollution level by classification of each educational institution about elementary schools, middle schools, high schools in Busan appeared that the pollution level about all air pollutants appeared high in Dongnae, Dongbu, Bukbu, Haeundae, Nambu, Seobu in due order. Air pollution level by classification of each Gu about elementary schools, middle schools, high schools in Busan appeared that the pollution level of Geumjeong-gu was very high (SO_2 : 0.002 ppm, No_2 : 0.047 ppm, PM-10 : 89 ㎍/㎥) and level of pollution around high school in Busan was the highest. To improve air quality getting worse day by day, steady and systematic control of observing the air quality standards should be continued. The more effective and active method of air quality improvement should be considered.

4-(2-Thiazolylazo)-resorcinol 을 킬레이트제로 사용한 Ni(Ⅱ)의 鹽析抽出定量

裵俊雄,李興洛,張惠榮,徐戊龍 경북대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.43 No.-

As a part of analytical application of 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol(TAR), the extraction method with salting-out technique was applied to the determination of nickel(Ⅱ) ion in aqueous solution. After nickel(Ⅱ) was extracted from the buffered aqueous solution into accetonitrile layer as a Ni(Ⅱ)-TAR chelate by salting-out technique, the visible absorption spectrum was recorded. In this experiment ammonium sulfate was used as a salting-out reagent. The effects of amount of ammonium sulfate and extracting reagent TAR on the extractability, the relationship between pH of the aqueous phase and the extractability of Ni(Ⅱ)-TAR chelate, and the calibration curve for the determination of Ni(Ⅱ) by spectrophotometry has been evaluated. And the effects of diverse ion on the determination of Ni(Ⅱ) by this method have been investigated.

Beneficial Effects of Cynaroside on Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury In Vitro and In Vivo

Nho, Jong-Hyun,Jung, Ho-Kyung,Lee, Mu-Jin,Jang, Ji-Hun,Sim, Mi-Ok,Jeong, Da-Eun,Cho, Hyun-Woo,Kim, Jong-Choon Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.2

Anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin are effectively used more than radiotherapy. Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug, used for treatment of various forms of cancer. However, it has side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity increases tubular damage and renal dysfunction. Consequently, we investigated the beneficial effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury using HK-2 cell (human proximal tubule cell line) and an animal model. Results indicated that $10{\mu}M$ cynaroside diminished cisplatin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3 activation, cisplatin-induced upregulation of caspase-3/MST-1 pathway decreased by treatment of cynaroside in HK-2 cells. To confirm the effect of cynaroside on cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vivo, we used cisplatin exposure animal model (20 mg/kg, balb/c mice, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Renal dysfunction, tubular damage and neutrophilia induced by cisplatin injection were decreased by cynaroside (10 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 3 days). Results indicated that cynaroside decreased cisplatin-induced kidney injury in vitro and in vivo, and it could be used for improving cisplatin-induced side effects. However, further experiments are required regarding toxicity by high dose cynaroside and caspase-3/MST-1-linked signal transduction in the animal model.

Layer-by-layer assembled charge-trap memory devices with adjustable electronic properties

Lee, Jang-Sik,Cho, Jinhan,Lee, Chiyoung,Kim, Inpyo,Park, Jeongju,Kim, Yong-Mu,Shin, Hyunjung,Lee, Jaegab,Caruso, Frank Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2007 Nature nanotechnology Vol.2 No.12

<P>We describe a versatile approach for preparing flash memory devices composed of polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle multilayer films. Anionic gold nanoparticles were used as the charge storage elements, and poly(allylamine)/poly(styrenesulfonate) multilayers deposited onto hafnium oxide (HfO2)-coated silicon substrates formed the insulating layers. The top contact was formed by depositing HfO2 and platinum. In this study, we investigated the effect of increasing the number of polyelectrolyte and gold nanoparticle layers on memory performance, including the size of the memory window (the critical voltage difference between the 'programmed' and 'erased' states of the devices) and programming speed. We observed a maximum memory window of about 1.8 V, with a stored electron density of 4.2 x 1012 cm-2 in the gold nanoparticle layers, when the devices consist of three polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle layers. The reported approach offers new opportunities to prepare nanostructured polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle-based memory devices with tailored performance.</P>

Composition of Optimal Nutrient Solution for Single-stemmed Rose 'Red velvet' in a Closed Aeroponic System

Mu Jang Kang,Joo Hyun Lee,Yong-Beom Lee (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2005 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.14 No.3

Experiments were carried out to develop an optimal nutrient solution for the single-stemmed rose (Rosa hybrida L.) 'Red velvet' in a closed aeroponic system. Plants were grown in 1/3, 1/2, 1, or 3/2 strength of the nutrient solution of National Horticultural Research Station in Japan (NHRS). Significantly less changes of pH and EC (dSㆍm?¹) in the drainage were observed in 1/2 strength treatment as compared to other treatments. The NO₃-N, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in the drainage solution of 1/2 strength treatment were maintained at optimal levels. These results indicated that the rose uptakes of both nutrients and water was more stable than those in other concentration. The concentration of macronutrients in nutrient solution were adjusted based on the ratio of nutrient water (n/w) taken up by plants grown in the 1/2 strength solution. The composition of the new solution (classified the University of Seoul (UOS) solution) was as follow; NO₃-N 8.8, NH₄-N 0.67, P 2.0, K 4.8, Ca 4.0, Mg 2.0 meㆍL?¹. To further evaluate new solution on crop growth, the rose 'Red Velvet' was grown again in 1/2, 1, and 2 strength UOS solution to compare with 1.0 strength PBG (proefstion voor bloemisterij en glasgroenpe) solution. Overall the plant growth, including the stem length and number of five-leaflet leaves was higher in 1.0 strength of UOS solution than other treatments. Results presented in this study indicate that the nutrients in the UOS solution are well balanced for the single-stemmed rose in the closed aeroponic system.

Risk Assessment of Triclosan, a Cosmetic Preservative

Lee, Jung Dae,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Shin, Chan Young,Jang, Hyun-Jun,Kim, Hyang Yeon,Kim, Min Kook,Seo, Dong-Wan,Lee, Byung-Mu,Kim, Kyu-Bong Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound used in consumer products. The purpose of current study was to examine toxicology and risk assessment of TCS based on available data. Acute toxicities of oral, transdermal and inhalation routes were low, and phototoxicity and neurotoxicity were not observed. Topical treatment of TCS to animal caused mild irritation. TCS did not induce reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents. In addition, genotoxicity was not considered based on in vitro and in vivo tests of TCS. It is not classified as a carcinogen in international authorities such as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined 12 mg/kg bw/day for TCS, based on haematoxicity and reduction of absolute and relative spleen weights in a 104-week oral toxicity study in rats. Percutaneous absorption rate was set as 14%, which was human skin absorption study reported by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) (2009). The systemic exposure dosage (SED) of TCS has been derived by two scenarios depending on the cosmetics usage of Koreans. The first scenario is the combined use of representative cosmetics and oral care products. The second scenario is the combined use of rinse-off products of cleansing, deodorants, coloring products, and oral care products. SEDs have been calculated as 0.14337 mg/kg bw/day for the first scenario and 0.04733 mg/kg bw/day for the second scenario. As a result, margin of safety (MOS) for the first and second scenarios was estimated to 84 and 253.5, respectively. Based on these results, exposure of TCS contained in rinse-off products, deodorants, and coloring products would not pose a significant health risk when it is used up to 0.3%.

A Novel Fault Location Scheme on Korean Electric Railway System Using the 9-Conductor Representation

Lee, Chang-Mu,Lee, Han-Sang,Yoon, Dong-Hee,Lee, Han-Min,Song, Ji-Young,Jang, Gil-Soo,Han, Byung-Moon The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2010 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.5 No.2

This paper presents a novel fault location scheme on Korean AC electric railway systems. On AC railway system, because of long distance, 40[km] or above, between two railway substations, a fault location technique is very important. Since the fault current flows through the catenary system, it must be modeled exactly to analyze the fault current magnitude and fault location. In this paper, suggesting the novel scheme of fault location, a 9-conductor modeling technique including boost wires and impedance bonds is introduced based on the characteristics of Korean AC electric railway. After obtaining a 9-conductor modeling, the railway system is constructed for computer simulation by using PSCAD/EMTDC. By case studies, we can verify superiority of a new fault location scheme and propose a powerful model for fault analysis on electric railway systems.

A 90-Day Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Alismatis Rhizoma Aqueous Extract in Rats

Lee, Mu-Jin,Jung, Ho-Kyung,Lee, Ki-Ho,Jang, Ji-Hun,Sim, Mi-Ok,Seong, Tea-Gyeong,Ahn, Byung-Kwan,Shon, Jin-Han,Ham, Seong-Ho,Cho, Hyun-Woo,Kim, Yong-Min,Park, Sung-Jin,Yoon, Ji-Young,Ko, Je-Won,Kim, Jo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

Alismatis rhizoma (AR), the dried rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep, is a well-known, traditional medicine that is used for the various biological activities including as a diuretic, to lower cholesterol and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential toxicity of the Alismatis rhizoma aqueous extract (ARAE) following 90-day repeated oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. ARAE was administered orally to male and female rats for 90 days at 0 (control), 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day (n = 10 for male and female rats for each dose). Additional recovery groups from the control group and high dose group were observed for a 28-day recovery period. Chromatograms of ARAE detected main compounds with four peaks. Treatment-related effects including an increase in the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, total protein, and urine volume were observed in males of the 2,000 mg/kg/day group (p < 0.05). However, the diuretic effect of ARAE was considered, a major cause of hematological and serum biochemical changes. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the ARAE was > 2,000 mg/kg/day in both genders, and no target organs were identified.