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건축물 성격변화를 통해 본 현대도서관의 공간적 특성에 관한 연구
이경훈 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.8
This study aims to examine the spatial character of contemporary library architecture using architectural character as its analysis tool. In particular, physical and sociocultural aspects and how they become spatialized were examined. The character change in terms of the physical aspects of a library within today's networked society are being decentralized and non-hierarchical, leading to the prominent physical spatial character of today's library of network space and continuous space. In character change in terms of sociocultural aspects, de-materialized space as the metaphor of today's information society is replacing the past symbolic systems of library practiced with statues and monumental masses. Also, as diverse cultural, educational, entertainment programs are being included in today's library the tendency of internalization of external space can be identified. Through the above changes it can be induced that libraries are becoming a social cultural institution where the new information and knowledge become reproduced.
현대 건축에 있어서 컨텍스츄얼리즘의 도시적 의미에 관한 연구
이경훈 인제대학교 1997 仁濟論叢 Vol.13 No.1
The issue of contextualism, the relationships of new buildings to existing surrounding. is one of the major interests of practicing architects today as cities are rebuilt. This paper addresses the issue of contextualism in the theory of architecture focused on urbanistic sense. It identifies and investigates the forces which determine the visual sympathetic fitness in the city. To make these associations explicit and clear, some architectural works are analyzed to suggest two significant meanings of contextualism in urbanistic surroundings : the formation of visual and cultural continuity in the built environment. These two roles of contextulism mixing together guarantee a fiting man-made environment: a city
담배식물의 생장에 따른 Holocellulose와 Lignin 함량의 변화
이학수,이경훈,오지훈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-
본 연구는 담배식물의 바이오에타놀 생산원료서의 가능성을 타진하기 위하여 온실에서 pot재배를 통하여 이식 후 25일부터 80일까지 5일 간격으로 잎과 줄기의 holocellulose와 lignin함량 변화를 조사해 보았다. 생육이 진행됨에 따라 건물 g당 holocellulose와 lignin의 함량도 증가하여 성숙 및노화기로 갈수록 높았다. 건물 g당 holocellulose함량은 잎보다 줄기가 높았고, 줄기의 lignin함량은 최대생장기에 급격히 증가했다. 담배 1주당 총 함량은 이식 후 70일에 최대였는데, holocellulose함량은 건물중의 60%이었고 lignin을 합할 경우에는 67%가 되었다. Changes in holocellulose and lignin contents of tobacco p1ants(var. NC 82) were determined from 25 days after transplanting in a pot to senescence stage at 5 days interval in green house. The amount of holocellulose and lignin per g of dry matters were increased from growing to senescence stage. The hollocellulose content of dry stalk was higher than of leaf, and lignin content of stalk was increased rapidly during the maximal growing stage of tobacco plant. The total amounts of holocellulose and lignin per a tobacco plant were reached maximum at the around 70 days after transplanting. At that time, the ratio of holocellulose only and holocellulose with lignin to dry matter was about 60% and 67%, respectively.
Lee, Gyeong-Won,Park, Sung Woo,Go, Se-Il,Kim, Hoon-Gu,Kim, Min Kyoung,Min, Chang-Ki,Kwak, Jae-Yong,Bae, Sang-Byung,Yoon, Sung-Soo,Lee, Je-Jung,Kim, Ki Hwan,Nam, Seung-Hyun,Mun, Yeung-Chul,Kim, Hyo Jun S.Karger 2018 Acta haematologica Vol.140 No.3
<P><B><I>Background:</I></B> The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent prognostic marker in solid and hematological cancers. While the derived NLR (dNLR) was shown to be non-inferior to the NLR in large cohorts of patients with different cancer types, it has not been validated as a prognostic marker for multiple myeloma (MM) to date. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Between May 22, 2011 and May 29, 2014, 176 patients with MM from 38 centers who were ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation were analyzed. The dNLR was calculated using complete blood count differential data. The optimal dNLR cut-off value according to receiver operating characteristic analysis of overall survival (OS) was 1.51. All patients were treated with melphalan and prednisone combined with bortezomib. <B><I>Results:</I></B> The complete response rate was lower in the high dNLR group compared to the low dNLR group (7 vs. 26.1%, respectively; <I>p</I> = 0.0148); the corresponding 2-year OS rates were 72.2 and 84.7%, respectively (<I>p</I> = 0.0354). A high dNLR was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 2.217, 95% CI 1.015–4.842; <I>p</I> = 0.0458). <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> The dNLR is a readily available and cheaply obtained parameter in clinical studies, and shows considerable potential as a new prognostic marker for transplantation-ineligible patients with MM.</P>
Production Conditions for Bruceanol B, an Antibiotic that Generates Oxygen Radical
Lee, Do-Seung,Boo, Kyung-Hwan,Woo, Jin-Kyu,Jeon, Gyeong-Lyong,Lee, Jin-Man,Lee, Sang-Han,Kim, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Dong-Sun,Riu, Key Zung The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1
Strain DS4, a soil microorganism producing an oxygen radical-generating antibacterial substance, bruceanol B, was isolated, and cultural conditions for the antibiotic production were optimized. Bruceanol B was separated by ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest antibacterial activity was obtained from medium containing 1.5% soluble starch and 2.0% yeast extract, cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 days.
Lee, Haemi,Kim, Gyeong-Hwan,Lee, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Nam Hoon,Nam, Jwa-Min,Suh, Yung Doug American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.7
<P>Here, we quantitatively monitored and analyzed the spectral redistributions of the coupled plasmonic modes of trimeric Au nanostructures with two ∼1 nm interparticle gaps and single-dye-labeled DNA in each gap as a function of varying trimer symmetries. Our precise Mie scattering measurement with the laser-scanning-assisted dark-field microscopy allows for individual visualization of the orientations of the radiation fields of the coupled plasmon modes of the trimers and analyzing the magnitude and direction of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals from the individual plasmonic trimers. We found that the geometric transition from acute-angled trimer to linear trimer induces the red shift of the longitudinally polarized mode and the blue shift of the axially polarized mode. The finite element method (FEM) calculation results show the distinct “on” and “off” of the plasmonic modes at the two gaps of the trimer. Importantly, the single-molecule-level systematic correlation studies among the near-field, far-field, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering reveal that the SERS signals from the trimers are determined by the largely excited coupled plasmon between the two competing plasmon modes, longitudinal and axial modes. Further, the FEM calculation revealed that even 0.5 nm or smaller discrepancy in the sizes of two gaps of the linear trimer led to >10-fold difference in the SERS signal. Granted that two gap sizes are not likely to be completely the same in actual experiments, one of two gaps plays a more significant role in generating the SERS signal. Overall, this work provides the knowledge and handles for the understanding and systematic control of the magnitude and polarization direction of the both plasmonic response and SERS signal from trimeric nanostructures and sets up the platform for the optical properties and the applications of plasmonically coupled trimers and higher multimeric nanostructures.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-7/acs.nanolett.5b01322/production/images/medium/nl-2015-01322z_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b01322'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A Meta-Analysis for the Impact of Transgenic Crop Adoption on Corn and Soybean Yield
Lee, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Gyeong-Bo,Hwang, Seon-Woong,Kim, Hye-Jin,Chung, Doug-Young Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
Although there is a broad dispute over genetically modified foods on safety, the worldwide adoption of transgenic crops is rapidly increasing. The objectives of this study were to identify trends in the effects of transgenic on crop yields and examine the effect of agricultural variables including crop type, biotech trait, tillage system, and yield environment on corn and soybean yield. A meta-analysis from the 34 peer-reviewed scientific literatures was conducted to compare the crop yield between transgenic crops and conventional varieties. Results showed that the yield of transgenic corn and soybean was strongly dependent on growing conditions. Transgenic hybrids had higher yield potential in the low crop yield environments such as high weeds and/or insect infestation, low soil water, and cool temperature conditions, while transgenic crops did not have yield advantages in high yield environments. The results from this study suggest that producers should consider the potential yield environmental conditions and possible yield reductions when producers choose crop hybrids in their fields.