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Uppsala Consensus Statement on Environmental Contaminants and the Global Obesity Epidemic
Lind, Lars,Lind, P. Monica,Lejonklou, Margareta H.,Dunder, Linda,Bergman, Å,ke,Guerrero-Bosagna, Carlos,Lampa, Erik,Lee, Hong Kyu,Legler, Juliette,Nadal, Angel,Pak, Youngmi Kim,Phipps, Richard P. National Institute of Environmental Health Science 2016 Environmental health perspectives Vol.124 No.5
<P>Summary: From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8–9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.</P>
Cho, Moonju,Degraeve, Robin,Pourtois, Geoffrey,Delabie, Annelies,Ragnarsson, Lars-ke,Kauerauf, Thomas,Groeseneken, Guido,De Gendt, Stefan,Heyns, Marc,Hwang, Cheol Seong IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.54 No.4
<P>Atomic layer deposition (ALD) with HfCl<SUB>4</SUB> as a precursor is widely used for HfO<SUB>2</SUB> fabrication. Due to the nature of the precursor under study, i.e., HfCl<SUB>4</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O, the presence of chlorine residues in the film due to insufficient hydrolysis is eminent. Obviously, the chlorine residue in the HfO<SUB>2</SUB> film is suspected to affect the quality of the HfO<SUB>2</SUB> film. In this paper, The authors reduced the concentration of chlorine residues by increasing the H<SUB>2</SUB>O oxidant pulse time in between the deposition cycles from 0.3 to 10 and 90 s. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis shows that this decreases the chlorine concentration in the HfO<SUB>2</SUB> film by more than one order of magnitude. However, time-dependent dielectric breakdown analysis shows that the lifetime remains quasi unaffected (within identical error bars) for the different injection cycles. Charge pumping analysis was done by varying both pulse frequency and amplitude to investigate the creation of defects, but negligible differences were observed. Therefore, the presence of chlorine residues has no significant impact on the trap generation and reliability of ALD HfO<SUB>2</SUB> layers, and this result corresponded with the mobility result. The experimental picture is confirmed with first-principle calculations that show that the presence of chlorine residues does not induce defect levels in the bandgap of HfO<SUB>2</SUB></P>
General Anesthesia versus Conscious Sedation in Mechanical Thrombectomy
Katharina Feil,Moriz Herzberg,Franziska Dorn,Steffen Tiedt,Clemens Küpper,Dennis C. Thunstedt,Ludwig C. Hinske,Konstanze Mühlbauer,Sebastian Goss,Thomas Liebig,Marianne Dieterich,Andreas Bayer,Lars Ke 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.1
Background and Purpose: Anesthesia regimen in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is still an unresolved issue. Methods: We compared the effect of anesthesia regimen using data from the German StrokeRegistry- Endovascular Treatment (GSR-ET) between June 2015 and December 2019. Degreeof disability was rated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and good outcome was defined as mRS 0–2. Successful reperfusion was assumed when the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale was 2b–3. Results: Out of 6,635 patients, 67.1% (n=4,453) patients underwent general anesthesia (GA), 24.9% (n=1,650) conscious sedation (CS), and 3.3% (n=219) conversion from CS to GA. Rate of successful reperfusion was similar across all three groups (83.0% vs. 84.2% vs. 82.6%, P=0.149). Compared to the CA-group, the GA-group had a delay from admission to groin (71.0 minutes vs. 61.0 minutes, P<0.001), but a comparable interval from groin to flow restoration (41.0 minutes vs. 39.0 minutes). The CS-group had the lowest rate of periprocedural complications (15.0% vs. 21.0% vs. 28.3%, P<0.001). The CS-group was more likely to have a good outcome at follow-up (42.1% vs. 34.2% vs. 33.5%, P<0.001) and a lower mortality rate (23.4% vs. 34.2% vs. 26.0%, P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, GA was associated with reduced achievement of good functional outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.94; P=0.004) and increased mortality (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.64; P<0.001). Subgroup analysis for anterior circulation strokes (n=5,808) showed comparable results. Conclusions: We provide further evidence that CS during MT has advantages over GA in terms of complications, time intervals, and functional outcome.