Performance evaluation of safety-critical systems of nuclear power plant systems

Kumar, Pramod,Singh, Lalit Kumar,Kumar, Chiranjeev Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.3

The complexity of safety critical systems of Nuclear Power Plant continues to increase rapidly due its transition from analog to digital systems. It has thus become progressively more imperative to model these systems prior to their implementation in order to meet the high performance, safety and reliability requirements. Timed Petri Nets (TPNs) have been widely used to model such systems for non-functional analysis. The paper presents a novel methodology for the analysis of the performance metrics using PN modeling. The paper uses the isomorphism property of the TPNs and the Markov chains for the performance analysis of the safety critical systems. The presented methodology has been validated on a Shutdown System of a Nuclear Power Plant.

Design of IIR Filters with Definite Group Delay (Lowpass Equalization) using LabVIEW

Abhay kumar singh,Lalit singh garia 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.7

Digital filters with lined phase responses that is constant group delay responses are desirable in many uses for signal treating. In this paper, a new method is proposed for scheming maximally smooth IIR filters with constant group delay in the pass band. This paper presents a concept of IIR filters with equalized group delay response. The group delay has been equalized by all pass filter. In this IIR filter design some constant group delay has been introduce and effect of group delay on phase is studied. At some extent of frequency group delay of compensated filter is linear so that phase of the IIR filter is linear at particular range of frequency. This paper looks at a compromise in which the IIR filter is followed by a allpass filter, which adaptively tries to linearize the overall phase response but leaves the magnitude response unchanged.

Performance measurement of safety-critical systems based on ordinary differential equations and Petri nets: A case study of nuclear power plant

Jyotish Nand Kumar,Singh Lalit Kumar,Kumar Chiranjeev 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.3

This article proposes a novel approach to measure the performance of Safety-Critical Systems (SCS). Such systems contain multiple processing nodes that communicate with each other is modeled by a Petri nets (PN). The paper uses the PN for the performance evaluation of SCS. A set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is derived from the Petri net model that represent the state of the system, and the solutions can be used to measure the system's performance. The proposed method can avoid the state space explosion problem and also introduces new metrics of performance, along with their measurement: deadlock, liveness, stability, boundedness, and steady state. The proposed technique is applied to Shutdown System (SDS) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). We obtained 99.887% accuracy of performance measurement, which proves the effectiveness of our approach

Instrumentation and control systems design for nuclear power plant: An interview study with industry practitioners

Singh, Pooja,Singh, Lalit Kumar Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.11

Instrumentation and Control systems (I&C) play a significant role in nuclear power plants (NPP) and other safety critical systems (SCS). We have conducted a rigorous study and discussions with experienced practitioners worldwide the strategy for the development of I&C systems to investigate the several aspects related to their dependability. We discussed with experienced practitioners that work on nuclear domain with the intention of knowing their approach, they use day-to-day for the development of such systems. The aim of this research is to obtain to provide guidance to those building I&C systems of NPP and have implications on state engineering licensure boards, in the determination of legal liability, and in risk assessment for policymakers, corporate governors, and insurance executives.

Design of Safety Critical and Control Systems of Nuclear Power Plants using Petri Nets

Pooja Singh,Lalit Kumar Singh 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.5

Non-functional requirements plays a critical role in designing variety of applications domain ranges fromsafety-critical systems to simple gaming applications. Performance is one of the crucial non-functionalrequirement, especially in control and safety systems, that validates the design. System risk can bequantified as a product of probability of system failure and severity of its impact. In this paper, we devisea technique to do the performance analysis of safety critical and control systems and to estimate performancebased risk factor. The technique elaborates Petri nets to estimate performability to ensuresystem dependability requirements. We illustrate the technique on a case study of Nuclear Power Plantsystem. The technique has been validated on 17 safety critical and control systems of Nuclear PowerPlant.

A review of missing video frame estimation techniques for their suitability analysis in NPP

Mrityunjay Chaubey,Lalit Kumar Singh,Manjari Gupta 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.4

The application of video processing techniques are useful for the safety of nuclear power plants bytracking the people online on video to estimate the dose received by staff during work in nuclear plants. Nuclear reactors remotely visually controlled to evaluate the plant's condition using video processingtechniques. Internal reactor components should be frequently inspected but in current scenario howeverinvolves human technicians, who review inspection videos and identify the costly, time-consuming andsubjective cracks on metallic surfaces of underwater components. In case, if any frame of the inspectionvideo degraded/corrupted/missed due to noise or any other factor, then it may cause serious safety issue. The problem of missing/degraded/corrupted video frame estimation is a challenging problem till date. Inthis paper a systematic literature review on video processing techniques is carried out, to perform theirsuitability analysis for NPP applications. The limitation of existing approaches are also identified alongwith a roadmap to overcome these limitations

Reversible Data Hiding with Absolute Quality Preserving Feature in Animated GIF

Abhinav Chola,Lalit K Awasthi,Samayveer Singh,Rajeev Kumar,Ki-Hyun Jung 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

Evaluation of Effects of Metformin in Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells

Patel, Seema,Singh, Neeta,Kumar, Lalit Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Ovarian cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in Indian women. Despite an initial 70-80% response rate, most patients relapse within 1-2 years and develop chemoresistance. Hence, identification or repositioning of drugs to resensitise ovarian cancer cells to existing chemotherapy is needed. Traditionally immortalized cell lines have been used in research, but these may contain genetic aberrations and chromosomal abnormalities serving as poor indicators of normal cell phenotype and progression of early-stage disease. The use of primary cells, maintained for only short periods of time in vitro, may serve as the best representative for studying in vivo conditions of the tissues from which they are derived. In this study we have attempted to evaluate the effect of metformin (an antidiabetic drug) in primary ovarian cancer cells because of its promising effect in other solid tumours. Materials and Methods: Primary cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer cells established from ascitic fluid of untreated ovarian cancer patients were used. The cells were treated with metformin at doses standardized by MTT assay and its ability to induce apoptosis was studied. The cells were analysed for apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins by flow cytometry and western blotting respectively. Results: Metformin induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells, provoking cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 and S phase. It induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by, down-regulating Bcl-2 and up-regulating Bax expression. Conclusions: Metformin was able to induce apoptosis in primary ovarian cancer cells by modulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins. These data are relevant to ongoing translational research efforts exploring the chemotherapeutic potential of metformin.

Measurement of missing video frames in NPP control room monitoring system using Kalman filter

Chaubey Mrityunjay,Singh Lalit Kumar,Gupta Manjari 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.1

Using the Kalman filtering technique, we propose a novel method for estimating the missing video frames to monitor the activities inside the control room of a nuclear power plant (NPP). The purpose of this study is to reinforce the existing security and safety procedures in the control room of an NPP. The NPP control room serves as the nervous system of the plant, with instrumentation and control systems used to monitor and control critical plant parameters. Because the safety and security of the NPP control room are critical, it must be monitored closely by security cameras in order to assess and reduce the onset of any incidents and accidents that could adversely impact the safety of the NPP. However, for a variety of technical and administrative reasons, continuous monitoring may be interrupted. Because of the interruption, one or more frames of the video may be distorted or missing, making it difficult to identify the activity during this time period. This could endanger overall safety. The demonstrated Kalman filter model estimates the value of the missing frame pixel-by-pixel using information from the frame that occurred in the video sequence before it and the frame that will occur in the video sequence after it. The results of the experiment provide evidence of the effectiveness of the algorithm.

GSTT1 null and MPO -463G>A Polymorphisms and Carboplatin Toxicity in an Indian Population

Bag, Arundhati,Pant, Nirdosh Kumar,Jeena, Lalit Mohan,Bag, Niladri,Jyala, Narayan Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Carboplatin, a second generation platinum drug, is widely used to treat different types of cancers. However, myelosuppression remains a major consideration in its use. Genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in drug disposition can influence therapeutic outcome. The homozygous null deletion of phase II metabolic gene GSTT1 that abolishes its xenobiotic- detoxifying ability may be associated with carboplatin toxicity. Further, since carboplatin generates oxidative stress, polymorphisms of oxidative stress genes that regulate the cellular level of free radicals may have important roles in generating drug- related adverse effects. We here investigated the null polymorphism of GSTT1, and the -463G>A promoter polymorphism of oxidative stress gene myeloperoxidase (MPO) for carboplatin toxicity in a population of northern India. Cancer patients who were treated with carboplatin, and developed toxicity was considered. The study group comprised of 10 patients who developed therapy- related adverse effects. Peripheral blood was taken from patients for DNA isolation. GSTT1 null genotype was determined by conducting duplex PCR and MPO-463 G>A was determined by PCR followed by RFLP. Hematologic toxicity was experienced by 5 patients, 2 of them had grade 3 and 4 toxicity and 3 others had grade 2 toxicity. They also had gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Remaining 5 individuals developed GI toxicity but no hematological toxicity. While GG homozygous of MPO was present in majority of patients having hematologic toxicity (in 4 out of 5 individuals), one A allele (AG genotype) was present in 4 patients who did not have any hematological toxicity. Thus variant A allele of MPO -463G>A may be related to lower hematological toxicity. These preliminary data, however, are required to be confirmed in larger studies along with other relevant polymorphisms.