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Pan, S.Y.,Liu, H.L.,Chang, E.E.,Kim, H.,Chen, Y.H.,Chiang, P.C. Pergamon Press 2016 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.154 No.-
Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) exhibits highly alkaline properties due to its high calcium content, which is beneficial to carbonation reaction. In this study, accelerated carbonation of BOFS was evaluated under different reaction times, temperatures, and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios in a slurry reactor. CO<SUB>2</SUB> mass balance within the slurry reactor was carried out to validate the technical feasibility of fixing gaseous CO<SUB>2</SUB> into solid precipitates. After that, a multiple model approach, i.e., theoretical kinetics and empirical surface model, for carbonation reaction was presented to determine the maximal carbonation conversion of BOFS in a slurry reactor. On one hand, the reaction kinetics of BOFS carbonation was evaluated by the shrinking core model (SCM). Calcite (CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>) was identified as a reaction product through the scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses, which provided the rationale of applying the SCM in this study. The rate-limiting step of carbonation was found to be ash-diffusion controlled, and the effective diffusivity for carbonation of BOFS in a slurry reactor were determined accordingly. On the other hand, the carbonation conversion of BOFS was predicted by the response surface methodology (RSM) via a nonlinear mathematical programming. According to the experimental data, the highest carbonation conversion of BOFS achieved was 57% under an L/S ratio of 20 mL g<SUP>-1</SUP>, a CO<SUB>2</SUB> flow rate of 0.1 L min<SUP>-1</SUP>, and a pressure of 101.3 kPa at 50 <SUP>o</SUP>C for 120 min. Furthermore, the applications and limitations of SCM and RSM were examined and exemplified by the carbonation of steelmaking slags.
Pan, L.,Zhao, P.F.,Yang, Z.Y.,Long, S.F.,Wang, H.L.,Tian, Q.Y.,Xu, Y.T.,Xu, X.,Zhang, Z.H.,Piao, X.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.12
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of coated compound proteases (CC protease) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen (N) and energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and nutrients in diets for pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 crossbred barrows (initial body weight: $20.79{\pm}1.94kg$) were housed in individual metabolism crates and allotted into 2 treatments with 6 piglets per treatment according to weight in a randomized complete block design. The 2 diets were corn-soybean meal basal diets with (0.2 g/kg) or without CC protease supplementation. The CC protease supplementation increased (p<0.05) the digestible and metabolizable N and energy values and the digestibility and retention rate of N in the diet. The ATTD of energy and nutrients had been improved (p<0.05) in the diet supplemented with CC protease. In Exp. 2, 12 crossbred barrows (initial body weight: $20.79{\pm}1.94kg$), fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were blocked by body weight into 2 groups with 6 pigs each. The diets were the same as those in Exp. 1. The CC protease increased (p<0.05) the AID of crude protein and some essential AA including arginine, isoleucine and leucine. The AID and ATTD of energy and nutrients had been improved (p<0.05) by supplemental CC protease, but the hindgut digestibility of nutrients was unaffected. Overall, the CC protease improved the ATTD of N and energy and AID of some indispensible AA and nutrients in the corn-soybean meal diet for pigs. Therefore, the CC protease supplement could improve the utilization of protein in the corn-soybean meal diet and thus contribute to lower N excretion to the environment.
Yi, A-L,Yan, L-S,Luo, B,Pan, W,Ye, J,Chen, Z-Y,Lee, J H Optical Society of America 2012 Optics express Vol.20 No.9
<P>Simultaneous all-optical RZ-OOK to NRZ-OOK format conversion for two tributaries in PDM signal is demonstrated utilizing a single section of highly nonlinear fiber through polarization nonlinear loop mirror configuration. Less than 1-dB power penalty is achieved in a 2 ?? 12.5-Gb/s PDM system, and only 1.4-dB SNR penalty is obtained in a 2 ?? 40-Gb/s PDM system.</P>
( Young-Suk Lim ),( Henry Lik Yuen Chan ),( Wai-Kay Seto ),( Qing Ning ),( Kosh Agarwal ),( Harry L. A. Janssen ),( Calvin Q. Pan ),( Wan Long Chuang ),( Namiki Izumi ),( Scott K Fung ),( Dr Shalimar 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Potent antiviral treatment can reduce HCC incidence in CHB patients. TAF has shown antiviral efficacy similar to TDF, with higher rates of ALT normalization and no resistance in Phase 3 studies. We evaluated the impact of TAF or TDF on HCC in the ongoing Phase 3 studies. Methods: HBeAg-positive (n=1039) and -negative (n=593) patients with HBV DNA≥20,000 IU/mL and ALT >60 U/L (males) or >38 U/L (females) were recruited from 190 sites in 20 countries and randomized (2:1) to TAF or TDF. HCC was assessed at 6-monthly intervals by hepatic ultrasonography introduced after Week 96 and throughout by local standards of care. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for HCC was calculated for observed cases relative to predicted risk using the REACH-B model. Results: Through 5 years of follow-up, HCC occurred in 21 patients (1.0% [11/1,093] with TAF, 1.9% [10/539] with TDF). Median (Q1, Q3) time to HCC onset was 104 (55, 191) weeks. At baseline, relative to those without HCC, patients with HCC were more likely to be older (median age 53 vs 39y; P<0.001), male (90% vs 65%; P=0.014), and cirrhotic (FibroTest ³0.75; 33% vs 9%; P<0.001). The overall SIR was significantly reduced with TAF or TDF (SIR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27-0.64). HCC incidence was significantly reduced in noncirrhotic patients (SIR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.63), and in patients receiving TAF (SIR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.62). Lack of ALT normalization at Week 24 (HR 6.90; P=0.011), cirrhosis (HR 4.18; P=0.006), baseline HBsAg level (HR 0.53; P=0.006), and baseline hypertension (HR 5.55; P<0.001) were significant predictors of HCC development by multivariable analysis. Conclusions: In CHB patients receiving TAF or TDF, the incidence of HCC was reduced comparing with expected HCC incidence from REACH-B model. In patients treated with TAF, a significant reduction in SIR was seen, whereas those treated with TDF showed a trend toward a reduction.
The Effect of Galaxy Interactions on Molecular Gas Properties
Pan, Hsi-An,Lin, Lihwai,Hsieh, Bau-Ching,Xiao, Ting,Gao, Yang,Ellison, Sara L.,Scudder, Jillian M.,Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge,Yuan, Fangting,Saintonge, Amé,lie,Wilson, Christine D.,Hwang, Ho Seo American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.868 No.2
Pan C.B.,Zhao G.C.,Li S.M.,Shu M.F.,Wu J.,Wang J.M.Z.,Yin L.H.,Song W.H.,Zhu X.B,Yang J.,Sun Y.P. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.34 No.-
Among Aurivillius layer-structured materials, CaBi2Nb2O9 is a best potential candidate for ultrahigh-temperature applications because of its highest Curie temperature of about 940 ◦C. In this paper, (1-x)CaBi2Nb2O9- xBaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 composite ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state sintering method. The dielectric results show that the introduction of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 not only increases the permittivity of the material, but also reduces its dielectric loss. The optimum electrical properties were obtained in the x = 0.01 sample with piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 15.1 pC/N and high ferroelectric remnant polarization (Pr) of 9.9 μC/cm2. Furthermore, the composite samples show good thermal depoling performance, the d33 of the x = 0.01 sample is 13.8 pC/N, which is about 91% of the initial value after depoling at 800 ◦C. Therefore, (1-x)CaBi2Nb2O9- xBaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 is one of the candidates for high temperature piezoelectric materials.
Boundary control of marine risers with bending couplings
T. L. Nguyen,K. D. Do,J. Pan 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
The aim of this paper is to design a boundary controller at the top end for global stabilization of twodimensional marine risers under environmental disturbances. Based on the energy approach, equations of motion of the risers including bending couplings are derived. Due to these couplings, the riser dynamics exhibit mutual effects between transverse motions. The Lyapunov direct method is used to design the boundary controller. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is carried out using the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.
Three dimensional seismic and static stability of rock slopes
Yang, X.L.,Pan, Q.J. Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.8 No.1
The kinematical approach of limit analysis is used to estimate the three dimensional stability analysis of rock slopes with nonlinear Hoek-Brown criterion under earthquake forces. The generalized tangential technique is introduced, which makes limit analysis apply to rock slope problem possible. This technique formulates the three dimensional stability problem as a classical nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear programming algorithm is coded to search for the least upper bound solution. To prove the validity of the present approach, static stability factors are compared with the previous solutions, using a linear failure criterion. Three dimensional seismic and static stability factors are calculated for rock slopes. Numerical results of indicate that the factors increase with the ratio of slope width and height, and are presented for practical use in rock engineering.