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Causative Morphemes as Pragmatic Intensifiers
Kyunghwan Kim 담화·인지언어학회 2010 담화와 인지 Vol.17 No.1
The typical syntactic change brought to a sentence when a causative morpheme is added is an increase in the valence by one unit. However, in many languages some causative morphemes preserve the original syntactic valence and are used in non-causative contexts. In such cases, the semantic primitives of the causative morphemes can be retained and they can evoke some pragmatic effects. In Korean, the non-productive causative suffix -ttuli, which forms a correlative affixal opposition with the anticausative -ci, and the causative verb sikhi-ta 'to force, order', which forms a correlative stem opposition with ha-ta 'to do', are also found in non-causative contexts. These morphemes, whose canonical function is to express causation, are used for some other purposes without increasing the syntactic valence. The common function of these morphemes can be summarized as pragmatic intensifiers. The pragmatic effects of such causative morphemes originate from the semantic primitives of the morphemes, and they can be extended to various, but somewhat congruent, non-causative functions such as agentivization, patient affection, and action intensification, which can be generalized, including the original function of causativization, as results of semantic transitivity increase caused by the causative morphemes.
Toward a More Complete Analysis for Fluid-Structure Interaction in Helicopters
KyungHwan Kim,SangJoon Shin,Jaewon Lee,Kwanjung Yee,Sejong Oh 한국항공우주학회 2006 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.7 No.2
There have been developed many structural and fluid rotorcraft analysis models in rotorcraft community, and also lots of investigations have been conducted to combine these two models. These investigations turn out to be good at predicting the airloads precisely, but they have not taken the blade nonlinear deflection into account. For this reason, the present paper adopts a sophisticated structural model which can describe three-dimensional nonlinear deflection of the blade. And it is combined with two types of aerodynamic model. First one is generalized Greenberg type of finite-time aerodynamic model, which is originally established for a fixed wing, but later modified to be suitable for coupled flap-lag-torsional aeroelastic analysis of the rotor blade. Second aerodynamic model is based on the unsteady source-doublet panel method coupled with a free wake model. The advantages of the present method are capabilities to consider thickness of the blade and more precise wake effects. Transient responses of the airloads and structural deflections in time domain are mainly analyzed in this paper.
Kyung-Hwan Kim,Wook-Dong Kim,Dong-Suk Hyun 전력전자학회 2005 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.5 No.2
In a parallel operation of UPS, there are two types of circulating currents between UPS. One is the low order circulating current with a fundamental frequency caused by the amplitude and phase differences of UPS output voltages, and the other is the harmonic circulating current with PWM switching frequency caused by non-synchronized PWM waveforms among UPS. The elimination of the low order circulating current is essential for optimal load sharing in parallel operations of UPS, which can be accomplished by the phase and magnitude control at each UPS. The harmonic circulating current may cause troubles and deteriorate in performance of the controller for optimal load sharing in parallel operation of UPS. This paper presents a PWM synchronizing method to eliminate the harmonic circulation current in parallel operation of UPS. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been investigated and verified through experiments by a 50kVA UPS.
Kyung-Hwan Kim,Min-Jong Keum,Bum-Jin Cho,Hyung-wook Choi,Sang-Joon Park 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2007 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.8 No.1
Al doped ZnO (ZnO:Al-AZO) thin films have been investigated for use as photovoltaic cells or as transparent conductive oxide (TCO) of displays, because AZO has good electrical and optical properties. In this study, ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films were prepared on substrates at temperatures room temperature, 100 oC and 200 oC by a facing target sputtering (FTS) system. The electrical and optical properties of the AZO thin films were investigated by a four-point probe (Changmin) and a UV/VIS spectrometer (HP). Also the roughnesses of AZO thin films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature. AZO thin films were deposited with a transmittance of over 80% and the resistivity was reduced from 1.36×10−3 Ω·cm to 4×10−4 Ω·cm by increasing the substrate temperature from room temperature to 200 oC. In particular, we could obtain a resistivity of 4× 10−4 Ω·cm in an AZO thin film prepared at a working pressure 133 mPa, an input current 0.4A and a substrate temperature of 200 oC. Al doped ZnO (ZnO:Al-AZO) thin films have been investigated for use as photovoltaic cells or as transparent conductive oxide (TCO) of displays, because AZO has good electrical and optical properties. In this study, ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films were prepared on substrates at temperatures room temperature, 100 oC and 200 oC by a facing target sputtering (FTS) system. The electrical and optical properties of the AZO thin films were investigated by a four-point probe (Changmin) and a UV/VIS spectrometer (HP). Also the roughnesses of AZO thin films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature. AZO thin films were deposited with a transmittance of over 80% and the resistivity was reduced from 1.36×10−3 Ω·cm to 4×10−4 Ω·cm by increasing the substrate temperature from room temperature to 200 oC. In particular, we could obtain a resistivity of 4× 10−4 Ω·cm in an AZO thin film prepared at a working pressure 133 mPa, an input current 0.4A and a substrate temperature of 200 oC.
Kyung Hwan Kim,Soo Kyoung Park,이동률,Jungun Lee 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.1
Background: Decreased physical performance, such as weakened handgrip strength and cognitive decline, is associated with disability and premature death in old age. We investigated the association between handgrip strength and cognitive impairment in Korean elderly adults with normal cognitive function. Methods: This prospective study used the database from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The participants included 2,378 adults aged 65 years or older with normal cognitive function (Korean Mini-Mental Status Evaluation [K-MMSE] score ≥21). Using a mixed-effects model, we examined the associations at baseline and over an 8-year follow-up period between handgrip strength and K-MMSE score. We investigated handgrip strength as a predictor of change in cognitive function. Results: This study included 1,138 women (mean maximum handgrip strength 19.2 kg, mean K-MMSE score 25.1) and 1,240 men (mean maximum handgrip strength 30.7 kg, mean MMSE score 26.2). The baseline handgrip strength was positively associated with the baseline K-MMSE score (b=0.18, P<0.001). Using a mixed-effects model, we found that higher handgrip strength at baseline can predict MMSE scores positively over time (b=0.14, P<0.001) and the change of handgrip strength over time was a predictor of high MMSE scores over the study period (b=0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion: We observed significant associations between baseline handgrip strength and baseline and change of cognition, as well as the longitudinal influence of handgrip strength on the change of cognitive function in elderly Korean adults with normal cognitive function.
Kyung Hwan Kim 대한전기학회 2006 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.4 No.6
For the analysis of multiunit extracellular neural signals as multiple spike trains, neural spike sorting is essential. Existing algorithms for the spike sorting have been unsatisfactory when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, especially for implementation of fully-automated systems. We present a novel method that shows satisfactory performance even under low SNR, and compare its performance with a recent method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. Our system consists of a spike detector that shows high performance under low SNR, a feature extractor that utilizes projection pursuit based on negentropy maximization, and an unsupervised classifier based on Gaussian mixture model. It is shown that the proposed feature extractor gives better performance compared to the PCA, and the proposed combination of spike detector, feature extraction, and unsupervised classification yields much better performance than the PCA-FCM, in that the realization of fully-automated unsupervised spike sorting becomes more feasible.