The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

최인호 소설의 종교성 탐구

황경훈(Hwang, Kyung Hoon) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2016 神學展望 Vol.- No.192

최인호는 가톨릭 신자이자 널리 알려진 소설가로 1970년대부터 대중들의 많은 사랑을 받아왔다. 그의 작품 시기를 일별해 보면, 『별들의 고향』의 상업적 성공으로 ‘대중 작가’의 명성을 얻은 1970년대와 이른바 ‘본격소설’을 쏟아낸 1980년대 그리고 역사와 종교의 세계에 깊이 빠져들어 많은 작품을 써냈던 1990년대 후반부터 작고할 때까지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 본고에서는 한국 불교의 뛰어난 선사인 경허를 주인공으로 하는 『길 없는 길』과 공자에서 퇴계 이황에 이르는 유교의 역사를 다룬 장편『유림』을 살펴보고자 한다. 좀 더 구체적으로 말해, 본고는 이 두 소설이 이룬 ‘문학적 성취’에 초점을 두기보다는 작가의 매우 개방적이고도 다원적인 종교성이 어떻게 그의 작품 안에서 드러나고 있는지를 ‘다른 한 독법’을 통해 보여주고자 한다. 그렇다고 해서 이 두 종교소설을 다시 읽는다 함이 그에 대한 찬사와 비판의 어중간한 지점에서 어떤 타협점을 제시하기 위한 의도와는 거리가 멀다. 그동안 평론가들의 관심을 받지 못한 음지의 영역에 있던 그의 종교소설을 광장으로 끌어내어 입체적으로 다시 보기 위한 하나의 시도라고 말하는 편이 더 적절하다. 이를 위해서는 작가 스스로 생각하는 문학관과 종교관에 대한 올바른 이해를 바탕으로 그것이 어떻게 작품 속에서 드러나고 있는지를 부분적으로나마 살펴보고자 한다. 다시 말해 본고에서는 『길 없는 길』과 『유림』을 중심으로 작가의 정신, 곧 이상세계를 향한 그의 치열한 ‘구도자적 초월의지’가 어떻게 소설 속에 드러나고 있는지를 탐구하고자 한다. 그것은 스스로를 ‘불교적 가톨릭인’이라고 부르는 데서 보이듯 타자에게 완전히 개방된 작가의 불이적 또는 토착적 종교성을 그의 삶과 작품에서 보여주는 한편, 그것이 결국 종교간 대화와 협력을 위한 매우 풍요로운 종교적 전통과 전망을 열어나간 것임을 두 종교소설을 통해 탐사해나간 여정이라고 할 수 있다. Choi In-ho, a well-known Catholic novelist, had long been loved by readers since the 1970s. His works could be classified in the following way: in the 1970s, Home of Stars was one of his most famous novels, and other novels with the same characteristics were very successful. These books led to him being known as a “dime author.” However, since his novel A Windmill in My Heart, he produced in the 1980s other so-called “serious novels” which displayed a sensitivity to understanding modern urban life. The author started to dig into the areas of history and religions from the late 1990s to 2013, the year that he died. This paper explores his later novels, including the religious ones. More concretely, this paper looks at A Road Without Road, a story of Kyung-heo, one of greatest Seon(Zen) masters in Korea, and The Confucians, which deals with various stories of Confucianism from Confucius himself to Toegye Lee Hwang, one of the distinguished Korean scholars on Confucianism. This paper also suggests “another way” of reading Choi’s religious novels by showing the author’s very open and pluralistic outlook of the world and religions rather than focusing only on his literary achievement. Two facts are evident. His later religious novels did not get much attention from literary critics unlike those written in during the 1970s and 1980s. Also, his works got different and even contradictory evaluations. Rereading these novels, however, has nothing to do with offering a “middle place” where the two extreme positions for him, that is, praise or criticism, can be found. Rather, it is proper to say that it has to do with looking at Choi’s works in three dimensions. Therefore, this paper will look closely at how the author’s view on literature and religions are reflected in his works on the basis of a proper understanding of his views. Also, this paper examines Choi’s spirit or, in other words, his ceaseless “desire to transcend” toward the ideal world. Furthermore, this paper will show the author’s non-dual and inculturated religiosity when he describes himself as a “Buddhist Catholic.” Through these two novels there are more plentiful visions of diverse religious traditions for continuing interreligious dialogue and promoting harmony.

A Study on the Establishment of Destination Image through Mass Media

Hwang,Kyu-sung,Baik,Yu-kyung,Moon,Hye-young 세계문화관광학회 2007 Conference Proceedings Vol.8 No.0

As the products of mass media, such as drama, movies, and commercial advertisements have grown and entertained us, they induced people to visit the locations where they were filmed. However, little has been known what effects in movies or television-induced locations on tourism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the products of mass media on tourism through locations induced by dramas, movies, and commercial advertisements. More specially, this study examined the relationships between the perceptions of movies or television-induced affective response, the perceptions of movies or television-induced attributes and movies or television-induced destination images on tourism. Findings suggest that if audiences enjoy delightful movies, they will feel destination images with fun and delightfulness when they visit the location scene. Also, the results suggest that if dramas and movies gain in public favor, the location where they are filmed will become a new and fantastic destination to people.

문화권 개발을 통한 관광ㆍ문화산업 육성방안에 관한 연구 : 경북북부 유교문화권을 중심으로

황경성 문화관광연구학회 2000 문화관광연구 Vol.2 No.4

In the 21st century, Culture will be a dominant factor in every field of our life like the high quality, a way for settlement of our racial identity, a reunification. One thing that is important in culture is that culture can show strong effects of the regional community. The regional culture that is connected with territory is the expression of regional spirit and the way of the regional life. Therefore, development of regional community in real meaning is to make prejudice and wrong recognition correct. First of all, we should get rid of the fixed thinking that regard culture as only a thing for consumption and economy. The right culture is one of rights for human beings the right to be free. We need to consider the satisfaction of cultural demand, realization of cultural welfare, supply of cultural education first. Also in the process of development of certain culture band, it will be an essential thing to insure efficiency, equity, and harmony of many other regional places which are under the influence of certain cultures in a wide area. In this research, we apply this recognition to the development of confucianism in north side of kyung Sang province of Cho-sun dynasty. We think about the development of culture band and the way of the upbringing of tourism. And here are works for accomplishment : First development of history and culture band. Secondly, organization of networks for regions and subjects. Thirdly, the development of resort connected with historical and cultural band. Fourthly, establishment of a confucian information center. Fifthly, event and special business plan for region. In addition we are supposed to suggest something . First designation "historical and cultural special area" of the north side of Kyung Sang province, Second cooperation of administrative districts, between governors and citizens, Third education of citizens and the development of human power. We have to confess that this research is still in the first step with many control things. It is true that wide and deep study can help the main work from this research.

레이저 가공에서 빔변수가 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강경구,방세윤,윤경구,황경현,이성국 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1997 산업기술논문집 Vol.9 No.-

레이저 가공시 조사되는 레이저 빔의 특성을 나타내는 변수 - 예를 들면, 빔의 형상, 초점면과 소재사이의 거리, 빔 강도 분포, 빔의 발산각, 실제 빔이 퍼져가는 양상이 이상적인 Gaussian 빔에 비해 얼마나 큰지를 나타내는 beam quality factor 등 - 이 가공결과에 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 경험적으로 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 원적외선 레이저로 천공, 에칭 또는 엑사이머 레이저로 ablation 가공을 수행할 때는 이러한 빔특성 변수의 영향이 극대화된다. 본 연구에서는 중요한 빔특성 변수의 영향을 가능한 독립시켜 정성적 및 정량적으로 파악하기 위해 연속발진 모드의 레이저빔 사용시 열전도에 의한 손실을 고려하였으며, 문제를 단순화해 빔 또는 가공소재의 상대적인 움직임이 없는 천공 (또는 에칭제거)의 경우에 대하여, 수치모사를 통해 여러 가지 빔 변수의 변화가 가공결과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 레이저 빔의 초점의 위치를 표면에서 멀리하면 가공깊이는 감소하게 되며, 같은 간격일 때는 소재의 내부에 위치시키는 것이 다소 유리하다. 또한 빔의 발산각이 작고, beam quality factor 값이 1에 가까울수록 깊은 가공을 얻을 수 있음을 파악하였다. In laser machining such as drilling with CO_2 or Nd:YAG laser, and etching or ablation with Excimer laser, one of the most important parameters affecting the machining results is known to be beam characteristics. In this paper a study is performed through a numerical simulation with the appropriate model to investigate the effects of beam parameters qualitatively and quantitatively, especially in the process of laser drilling of ceramics and ceramic composites. Results of different beam conditions reveal that the machined hole becomes deeper as (ⅰ) the beam divergence gets smaller,(ⅱ) beam quality factor approaches unity, and (ⅲ) beam focus lies nearer to the surface of the workpiece.

응급구조사 수습 과정에 대한 고찰

정경임,황정연 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

We performed this study to evaluate the efficacy of Emergency Medical Technician Education in a designated Facility. This article is the statistical analysis of which the results were obtained from the first trial of Emergency Medical Technician Training program by EMS instructor at Emergency Department, Wallace Memorial Baptist hospital in Pusan from Jun 28 to July 10, 1993. The results were as follow : 1) On sexual distribution of students, male was 57.6% and female was 42.4%. On age distribution, between 30-39 year-old age was 64.7% average age was 33.5 year-old. 2) The geographic distribution of their address was 57.6% in Pusan, the remainders in Kyung-nam, Kyung-buk, and Che-ju in order. 3) The average bed size of the hospital in which they served was 375 beds. 4) The students working in Emergency Room was 42.4%, the other was 57.6%. 5) There were 53.3% students who have the license for nurse-aid and 46.7% registered nurses. 6) The period of students clinical experience was for 101.8 months (about 8 years) in average, and their career in emergency room was for 38.1 months(about 3 years). 7) In the lecture, 91.1% of the students answered that they were content with the lecture qualities or that it was sufficient to learn. In learning the skills, 73.5% of the students replied they were content with the quality to teach the skills or it was sufficient one. Especially male students as a nurse-aid had the better results for the acquisition of the skills than the female registred nurse. 8) 57.6% answered their lecture time was short, 42.1% was proper. Most students were satisfied with the time length of their curriculum, but 26.5% of the students wanted to have more than 12 weeks of education couse. Most of them replied the proper size of the class must be below 20 students per class. 9) They answered the lectural time per a learning item was plenty in 72.0% of the students, not in 28.0%, and skill acquisition time per a learning item was appropriate for 41.4% of the participants, not for 58.6%. They answered the education materials were plenty in 85.3% and not in 11.8%. 10) The written tests showed normal distribution curve through the 4th written test and the results of the final written examination was 98.5 points in average. 11) There was very high correlation(co-efficient : 0.6234) between the 3rd and 4th written test and relatively high correlation between the 3rd and final test and between 4th written test and the skill tests. 12) The female students got the higher points than the male in the written test, but no significant differences of the points in the skill testing according to the participants sex. 13) The registered nurses made the better points in the written test compared to the nurse-aids, but statistically there was no significant difference in the skill testing. To develop better education program for EMT the counterplans on the basis of above results can be established as belows. 1) It will be necessary to ensure professional people who aquired the sufficient training and experience for emergency treatment and to look for legal basis. 2) The sufficient training for EMT is wanted and both starting education and continuing education needs to be focused. 3) The education program for EMT has to be varied according to its charateristics of qualification. 4) the special education program for lecturer for EMT is needed. 5) Each Medical and Education organization should work on the entire education course achieve its standardization of time length, content, methods and level. 6) The positive attitude of government is needed to solve the problems which happen with the current system of Emergency Medicine. It will be necessary to stipulate the items relevant to Emergency Medicine in the law.

응급구조사 수습 과정에 대한 고찰

정경임,황정연 침례병원 1994 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.11 No.

황토 기포콘크리트를 이용한 식생용 인공토양골재의 이화학적 특성 평가

황인혁(Hwang, In-Hyuk),이경호(Lee, Kyung-Ho),양근혁(Yang, Keun-Hyeok) 대한건축학회 2016 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.32 No.10

This study examined the practical application of cement foamed concrete with natural hwang-toh to develop artificial soil aggregates for vegetation. The soil aggregates with the particle size between 1 and 10 mm were produced from the fragmentation of the foamed concrete. The physiochemical properties, including apparent density, pH value, particle distribution, coefficient of permeability, EC, CEC, C/N and total amount of organic matter, of the produced soil aggregates were tested and compared with the requirements for vegetation recommended in the landscape specification. The produced artificial soil aggregates achieved the apparent density, coefficient of permeability, and CEC value satisfying the requirements of the landscape specification, whereas pH, EC, C/N values, and total amount of organic matter of the soil aggregates did not satisfy the specification requirements. To utilize the foamed concrete as soil aggregates for vegetation, the additional approaches such as compulsory neutralization and the addition of organic fertilizers would be required for appropriate values of EC, CEC, and C/N.

매장하기와 글쓰기

황도경(Do Kyung Hwang) 한국현대소설학회 2007 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.33

Stylistics is not the study on the rhetorical and decorative aspects of the text but the more integrated way of literary study explaining the theme and the content through the analysis on the linguistic characteristics of the text. In this respects, I tried to read <The woman playing badminton> of Shin, Kyung-Sook focusing on the stylistic characteristics. <The woman playing badminton> is narrated focusing on the unsettled mind of a heroin helplessly indulged in a man whom she happened to meet just once. The voices of narrator and heroin are not divided, so the language of narrator shows the secret mind of heroin. The heroin(``she``) conflicts between the desire toward the man(``he``) and the efforts to control it. Her reason tries to forget him, but her body always desires him. Therefore her language is divided into ``the language of body`` and ``the language of mind``. ``She`` can not be the owner of her body. The real owner of her body is ``he``. ``She`` is an object ``seen`` to ``him`` and can not be a subject of ``seeing``. Her language has only ``no-action predicates`` or ``passive verbs``. Her inner conflict is also shown by the frequent uses of comma, inversion, repetition of same phrases and chain-narration. This passive and helpless heroin comes to change into a real subject through the symbolic ceremony of burying herself. In the last scene, she tries to fight against poclain, the symbol of the violent and destructive reality and comes to recover her position as a subject with her own language. In this respect, the act of writing shown in the last scene has a meaning of the declaration as a subject after burying the body of false desire.

치기공과 학생들의 학과 만족도 및 해외취업에 관한 의식 조사연구 - 경기·충청지역을 중심으로 -

성환경,황재선,Sung, Hwan-Kyung,Hwang, Jae-Sun 대한치과기공학회 2009 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted in order to promote students' interest in overseas employment and to present methods of improving education that suits globalization and internalization. From responses to individual written survey questionnaires answered by 439 students who are studying Dental technology at colleges in Kyung-ki and Chung-cheong. The following are the results regarding their satisfaction levels with their majors and their interest in working abroad: 1. Regarding the motivating factors to major in Dental technology, students(37.7%), particularly most juniors(43.5%), have chosen this major to get a this professional job. The most common source of information in choosing majors is the Internet(44.4%). There was a slight difference in their knowledge about the major before college among freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. 2. Most students do not want to change their majors even if they are provided with the chance to do so(69.2%). They are in general satisfied with their studies. The result shows that the Dental technology majors are positive toward their major. 3. Many students have heard about overseas employment, particularly in case of juniors(98.5%), and there was a difference among different years of studies. They want to work abroad if they are given the chances(79.3%), which indicates that the Dental Technology majors have much interest and positive attitude in overseas employment. 4. The most significant barrier to their overseas employment is the language, and thus the Dental technology majors should improve their language abilities to be more involved in working abroad.