과실이 크고 품질이 우수한 조생종 배 ‘금촌조생’ 육성

조광식(Kwang-Sik Cho1),손동수(Dong-Soo Son),강삼석(Sam-Seok Kang),김명수(Myung-Su Kim),홍경희(Kyung-Hui Hong),윤석규(Seok-Kyu Yun),조강희(Gang-Hui Cho),조현모(Hyeon-Mo Cho) 한국원예학회 2004 원예과학기술지 Vol.22 No.1

‘금촌조생’ 품종은 농촌진흥청 원예연구소 나주배연구소에서 1971년 ‘금촌추’의 품질을 개선하기 위해 당도가 높고 육질이 유연한 ‘단배’를 교배하여 1982년 1차 선발되었고, 1997년부터 5년 간 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2001년 최종 선발 및 품종보호출원 되었다. 수세는 비교적 강하고, 수자는 반개장성이다. 꽃가루가 풍부하며, 주요 재배품종과 교배친화성을 보인다. 또한 흑반병에 대하여 강한 포장저항성을 나타내었다. 숙기는 재배중인 ‘원황’ 품종보다 약 5일 정도 늦은 9월 3일로 추석에 출하하기 알맞은 품종이다. 과형은 ‘금촌추’와 같은 도원추형이고, 과피색은 황갈색이다. 과중은 593g이고, 당도는 13.2Bx이다. 육질은 유연하며 과즙이 풍부하고, 석세포가 없어 식미가 매우 우수하다. 그러나 과육선숙형 품종으로 원예적 수확기에도 과피에 녹색이 남지만, 완숙과가 되면 황갈색으로 착색된다. 상온저장 기간은 20일 정도로 다른 조생종에 비해 저장력은 좋은 편이다. ‘Geumchonjosaeng’ pear cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) originated from the cross between ‘Imamuraaki’ and ‘Danbae’ to improve the fruit quality of ‘Imamuraaki’ cultivar in 1971 at Naju Pear Research Institute of National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA). It was preliminarily selected in 1982 and named in 2001. The tree habit shows vigorous growth and upright spreading. It carries abundant pollen grains and shows cross compatibility with leading cultivars. Also it shows high resistance to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field condition. Optimum harvest time is around Sep. 3, which is 5 days later than that of ‘Wonwhang’, and it could satisfy consumer’s demand for high quality pear fruit in “Chuseok”. The obovate fruit shape resembles maternal parent, ‘Imamuraaki’ and skin color is green yellowish brown at normal harvesting time and gradually turned to yellowish brown at full ripennig state. Fruit weighs about 593 g, and the soluble solid content is 13.5 ˚Bx. The flesh is very soft and juicy and, rendering good eating quality. Shelf life is about 20 days under the ambient temperature, and it is a relatively long period as compare with other early season cultivars.

Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

구개열에서 비인두강의 생리해부학적 구조와 과비음과의 연관성 연구

조준희,표화영,최홍식,최병재,손흥규,심현섭 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

비인강폐쇄란 연구개, 인두측벽 그리고 인두후벽간의 움직임이 서로 조화되어 구강과 비강을 나누어주는 괄약근 기전으로서 연하, 호흡, 발음 등의 생리적기능에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 기능에 문제가 생긴 경우를 비인강폐쇄부전이라하며 그 원인으로는 (1) 연구개의 길이 및 움직임이상 (2) 비인두강의 해부학적 공간문제 (3) 인두 후벽과 측벽의 기능이상 등이 있다. 본 연구는 구개열 환자의 측면두부방사선계측사진을 통해 비인두강을 생리해부학적으로 분석하였으며 산출된 말소리의 과비음정도를 Nasometer로 평가하였다. 이로부터 얻은 정상군과 구개열환자군의 결과를 각각 비교하였으며, 비인강폐쇄부전과의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 Anatomic VPI와 Nasalance score의 값을 비교분석하였다. 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 측면두부방사선계측사진 결과, 연구개 길이, 연구개 두께, 비인강 깊이, 비인강 면적, Adequate ratio에서 두 그룹간 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 2. Nasometer 결과. 모음/오/와 구강공명음문장, 구강장해음문장에서 두 그룹 간 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 3. 구개열환자군에서 비인두강의 폐쇄부전 정도를 표현해주는 Anatomic VPI와 Nasalance score는 전반적으로 연관성이 없었다. 다만, 모음/이/와 일부 구강자음으로 이루어진 문장에서 다소의 상관성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 측면두부방사선계측사진과 Nasometer 각각의 검사결과에서 두 그룹간 유의한 차이를 찾아볼 수 있었으나, 구개열환자군내에서 비인강폐쇄부전을 표현하는 Anatomic VPI와 Nasalance score는 모음/이/와 구강자음을 포함한 문장을 제외하고는 전반적으로 연관성이 없었다. Velopharyngeal closure is a sphincter mechanism between the activities of the soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall and the posterior pharyngeal wall, which divides the oral and nasal cavity. It participates in physiological activities such as swallowing, breathing and speech. It is called a velopharyngeal dysfunction when this mechanism malfunctions. The causes of this dysfunction are defects in (1) length, function, posture of the soft palate, (2) depth and width of the nasopharynx and (3) activity of the posterior and lateral pharyngeal wall. The purposes of this study are to analyze the nasopharynx of cleft palate patients using cephalometry and to evaluate the degree of hypernasality using nasometry to find its relationship with velopharyngeal dysfunction. The following results were obtained : 1. In cephalometry, there were significant differences in soft palate length, soft palate thickness, nasopharyngeal depth, nasopharyngeal area, and adequate ratio between two groups. 2. In nasometry, there were significant differences between two groups in vowel /o/ and sentences including oral consonants. 3. In cleft palate patients, though no general correlation was found between Anatomic VPI and nasalance scores, vowel /i/ and sentences including oral consonants were slightly correlated. In conclusion, cephalometry and nasometer results were significantly different between the two groups. Though in the cleft palate group. Anatomic VPI and nasalance scores, which are indices for velopharyngeal closure, excluding the vowel /i/ and sentences including oral consonants show generally no significance.

전북 평야 수도작 농가의 담수직파 기술개발 방향 및 경제성 분석

조홍기,신용규,박정근 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

New technology plays a role of stimulator in releasing the constraints on growth imposed by resource endowment in any society. In an economy with high population pressures and limited land, increases in output depend on the development of land-saving technology, that can release the constraints imposed by the inelastic supply of land. The development of fertilizer-responsive crop varieties, which is identified as biological technology, can essentially be a new technology designed to facilitate the substitution of fertilizer (or pesticides) for scare land and to raise yield per Ha. In an economy characterized by a relative scarcity of labour, the improvement of agricultural machinery that can save labour and raise labour productivity may reduce the problem of labour shortage. The constraints imposed by an inelastic supply of labour may be offset by advances in so called mechanical technology. The Technology of Direct-Seeding in paddy rice cultivation (TDS), which has rapidly diffused among individual farmers in recent years, may be the same scale-neutral technology as Tong-il HYVs. It may be said that the TDS has been designed to solve the problem that results from the bottlenecks of labour shortage and high labour cost. It is also assumed that the TDS may be the technical innovation that is induced by changes in factor endowments in market economy while Tong-il HYVs may be the technological development that is leaded by the government's incentives to attain self-sufficiency of staple food. In the area of agricultural policy, the study has a crucial role in establishing a desirable direction for agricultural reconstruction-policy for improving agricultural infrastructure and in providing information for the scientific technology-policy for attaining more efficient resource allocation in agricultural research.

한국여대생에서 정상교합자의 하악치궁의 크기와 형태

조홍규 광주보건대학 1998 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This study was undertaken to determine the main mandibular dental arch forms, 93 dental casts of untreated female students of Korean College with normal occlusion were examined. The results were as follows. 1. The idea of a single, ideal arch form could not be substantiated in this sample of untreated female students of Korean College with normal occlusion 2. Six transverse and longitudinal dimensions permit the definition and a classification of the mandibular dental arch forms 3. A method of nonhierarchical classification, based on the ratios of these dimensions, clearly showed the presence of four main symmetrical forms evenly represented. 4. An arch form graph was developed; Relative stocky the anterior part of arches illustrated by the form I (bow shape) and the canine part of arches illustrated by the form 4(nipple shape), and relative stretched the anterior part of arches illustrated by the form 2(jar shape) and the canine pare of arches illustrated by the form 3( square shape).

고콜레스테롤혈증 환자 진료의 질 향상을 위한 임상 지침 리마인더(Reminder)와 추적 관리지의 효과

조한규,박혜순,조홍준 한국의료QA학회 1997 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Background : Hypercholesterolemia is a major independent risk factor of coronary heart disease. Practice guidelines for management of hypercholesterolemia had been made in several developed countries. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of practice guideline reminders and flow-sheets to improve the quality of management of hypercholesterolemia. Methods : Practice guideline reminders and flow-sheets based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅱ guidelines, were placed on the office desks of outpatient department of family medicine at the Asan Medical Center. Before this intervention, we educated he doctors to use these reminders and flow-sheets. The charts of all patients who had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 240㎎/㎗ during 4 months before and after introduction of reminders and flow-sheets, were reviewed retrospectively We compared the performances of physicians about management of hypercholesterolemia between pre-intervention period and post-intervention period. Results : The detection rate of hypercholesterolemia in post intervention period was increased to 83.2% compared by 715% in pre-intervention period. Risk factor analysis for coronary heart disease increased significantly from 16.9% to 68.7%. Adequacy of management was 19.2% in pre-intervention period and 78.0% in post-intervention period. It showed statistically significant improvement in management of hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion : This study suggested that practice guideline reminders and flow-sheets were the effective methods in improving the quality in management of hypercholesterolemia.

안면비대칭 정도에 따른 정모 두부방사선사진관 3차원영상의 비교 연구

조홍규,김경근,황현식 전남대학교 치과대학 2001 구강과학 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study was to find out the problems of P ­ A cephalometric measurements used in the facial asymmetry analysis and to show the necessity of using three ­ dimensional morphometry. Steel ball (1.2㎜ in diameter) were attached in twenty seven landmarks of symmetrical artificial human skull, and eighty seven different asymmetrical artificial human skulls were formed by enlarging gradually remus height, mandibular body length, and gonial angle of the hemiface. From the P ­ A cephalometry and three ­ dimensional morphometry of each skull types, three linear measurements (representing ramus height, mandibular body length, mandibular length) and two angle measurements (representing gonial angle, menton deviation) and two area measurements (representing mandibular area, lower facial area) were acquired and made into asymmetry index. Menton deviation itself was used as asymmetry index while left ­ right differences were used in the other measurements. These asymmetry index were compared with each other to show the different aspect of the seven asymmetry index according to the degree of actual facial asymmetry. Through the statistical analysis, following results were obtained. 1. When actual ramus height difference becomes large, menton deviation and lower facial area asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry were reduced significantly more than those of three ­ dimensional morphometry (p<0.001). 2. When actual mandibular body length difference becomes large, ramus height, lower facial area asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry were reduced significantly (p<0.001) while mandibular body length, mandibular length, gonial angle, and mandibular area asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalomentry were magnified significantly more than those of three ­ dimensional morphometry (p<0.01). 3. When actual gonial angle difference becomes large, gonial angle asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry was reduced significantly (p<0.001) while lower facial area, mandibular body length, and mandibular area asymmetry index were magnified significantly more than those of three ­ dimensional morphometry (p<0.01). 4. When the correlation between actual ramus height difference and seven asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry and three ­ dimensional morphometry was analysed, no difference between P ­ A cephalometry and three ­ dimensional morphometry was found (p<0.01). 5. When the correlation between actual mandibular body length difference and seven asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry and three ­ dimensional morphometry was analysed, significance was found in mandibular body length, mandibular length, menton deviation, mandibular area, and lower facial area (p<0.001) while significance was found only in gonial angle of three ­ dimensional morphometry (p<0.01). 6. When the correlation between actual gonial angle difference and seven asymmetry index of P ­ A cephalometry and three ­ dimensional morphometry was analysed, significance was found in gonial angle (p<0.001) while significance was found only in lower facial area of three ­ dimensional morphometry (p<0.01). The above results suggest that three ­ dimensional morphometry show to be necessary for the accurate facial asymmetry analysis.

Ti-10Ta-10Nb합금의 산화거동 및 세포독성에 관한 연구

조홍규 광주보건대학 2004 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

A new Ti- 10Ta-10Nb alloy has designed and examined some possibility of forming more passive oxide film by oxidation treatment which is closely related to corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloys were prepared by consumable vacuum arc melting and homogenized at 1050℃ for 24hours. Alloy specimens were oxidized at the temperature range of 400 to 750℃ for 30minutes, and the oxide films on Ti alloys were analysed by optical microscope, SEM, XPS and TGA. Cytotoxicity test was performed in MTT assay treated L929 fibroblast cell culture by indirect method. It is found out that the oxide film on Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy is denser and thinner compared to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The weight gain during the oxidation was increased rapidly at the temperature above 650℃ for Ti-6Al-4V alloy and above 700℃ for Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy respectively. It was analysed that the passive film of the Ti alloys consisted of TiO_(2) through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It is found out by cytotoxicity test that moderate oxidation treatment lowers cell toxicity, and Ti-10Ta-10Nb alloy showed better result compared to Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

한국 여대생에서 치아의 밀집과 치아 및 악궁의 크기의 관계

조홍규 광주보건대학 1997 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study was undertaken to examine the extent to which tooth size and arch dimension each contribute to dental crowding in female korean college students. Two groups of dental cast were selected on the basis of dental crowding. One group, consisting of 37 pairs of dental casts with normal occlusion. A second group, consisting of 27 pairs of dental casts with crowding. The results were as follows. 1. Significant differences were observed between normal and crowded groups on the basis of tooth size and arch width. 2. No significant differences were observed between normal and crowded groups on the basis of arch length. 3. The crowded group was found to have larger tooth size and smaller arch width than the normal group. 4. Multiple regression equations were derived from arch length discrepancy and its significant correlated parameters.

水稻 直播栽培에 關한 硏究 : (Ⅰ)栽培方法이 節間長에 미치는 影響

趙東三,許華永,朴成圭,尹洪載,金泰秀 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1989 農業科學硏究 Vol.7 No.2

Data on internode length obtained from cultural experiments on seeding date, seeding method and seeding rate in direct seeding cultivation of rice in 1989 were analyzed to investigate the rela-tionship between internode length and lodging. In general, internode length appeared to be longer in earlier plantings except May 11 planting which had longer internode than those of other plantings. Seeding in flooded condition as well as higher seeding rate resulted in longer internode length. Culm diameter leas greater in the order of April 21 > May 11 > May 21 > May 1 plantings, and drilled in upland condition > broadcasting in upland condition > seeding in flooded condition, while the higher the seeding rate, the greater the culm diameter was. Except seeding in upland condition and seething rate of 3kg/10a which showed lodging degree of 1, all other treatments resulted in severe lodging with degree of 7.