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실내 공기 중 일부 알데하이드류에 대한 위해도 평가 - 일부 주택 및 아토피 환자 주택을 대상으로
문경환,변상훈,최달웅,이은일,오은하,김영환,Moon Kyong Whan,Byeon Sang Hoon,Choi Dal Woong,Lee Eun Il,Oh Eun Ha,Kim Young Whan 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.1
This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of 15 aldehydes in air samples collected from 21 households including 9 atopy patient's homes and to assess the extent of exposure and risk for an individual due to inhalation. Of all the aldehydes identified in both indoor and outdoor environment, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant aldehydes, which were occupied $60\%\;and\;17\%$ of total amount, respectively. The geometric mean concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in indoor air were $170.5\pm1.9\;{\mu}g/m^3\;and\;47.3\pm1.5\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. There existed a strong correlation between formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and other aldehydes. And the ratio of indoor and outdoor concentrations (I/O) exceeded 1.0 for almost every measured aldehydes except m-tolualdehyde... No associations were found between the level of aldehydes and either housing characteristics or living habits in most of the samples with only a few exception. And the concentrations of all aldehydes indoor air between atopy patient's homes and control homes were not significant(p>0.05). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposures and risks were estimated by using the inhalation unit risk, mean concentrations and the 95th percentiles, and which were $2.6\times10^{-3}\;and\;1.1\times10^{-4}$, respectively. The mean and the 95th percentile risk estimates were 25 times higher for formaldehyde than for acetaldehyde in homes.
알레르기 환자 가정에서 생물학적 유해인자에 대한 노출평가 -세균, 진균, 집먼지 진드기 알레르겐, 내독소를 대상으로
문경환,변상훈,최달웅,김영환,이장희,이은실,Moon Kyong Whan,Byeon Sang Hoon,Choi Dal Woong,Kim Young Whan,Lee Jang Hee,Lee Eun Il 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.2
To assess exposure of allergy patients to a biological environment, measurements were made of levels of airborne bacteria and fungi, house dust endotoxin and mite allergens in homes of 7 allergy patients and 12 healthy families. Concentrations of airborne total bacteria and the ratio of indoor and outdoor concentrations(I/O) in allergy patient's homes were high compared to non-allergy houses. But no significant differences could be shown for the concentration of spores of viable fungi and staphylococcus in indoor air between the homes of allergic patients and healthy families. The results of investigation on house dust mites, Dermatophagoids farinae were detected in all mattress samples and the levels in the allergy patient's homes were generally high, with individual measurements exceeding $2{\mu}g/g$ dust found in $30\%$ samples. In contrast with, Dermatophagoids pteronyssinus were detected in only $60\%$ samples and the concentrations were very low. The levels of endotoxin in dust samples collected from the allergy patient's home mattresses were higher than those of control houses. There was a positive correlation between the endotoxin levels and the house dust mite allergens.
문경환,김영규,정문호 ( Kyong Whan Woon,Young Gyu Kim,Moon Ho Chung ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.4
Kyongan Stream, one of the first stream flowing into the Han River, was investigated in the viewpoint of its pollutants load run-off into Pal`tang Reservoir which is the most important sorurce for the tap water supply to Seoul City. DO, BOD, COD, SS, and pH values were measured at five selected stations in the stream monthly during the period from January 1989 to December 1991. The amount of pollutants load at each station was also computed on the basis of data adopted from Yongin and Kwangju Gun. Stations 1, 2 located in the upstream were revealed to be heavely contaminated by social sewage and breeding activities of the domestic animal. Stations 4, 5 in downstream were, however, measured to become somewhat better in DO, BOD, COD and SS values possibly due to the increase of the flowing amount by the joining of second streams, i. e., Nungwon Stream. Values of pH ranged from 6.9-8.1 all the year round. DO value showed to decreased in summer season, however, BOD and COD values increased in the winter. Decreaseof DO value might be due to the increase of water temperature, since increase of BOD and COD values by the increase of the flowing amount.
박근태,문경환,김형태,박찬정,정호철,임영희,Park, Keun-Tae,Moon, Kyong-Whan,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Park, Chan-Jung,Jeong, Ho-Chul,Lim, Young-Hee 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4
Objectives: Respiratory virus infections are the most common disease among all ages in all parts of the world and occur through airborne transmission. The purpose of this study was to detect and quantitate human respiratory viruses in residential environments. Methods: Air samples were collected from the residential space of apartments in the Seoul/Gyeonggi-do area. The samples were collected from indoor and outdoor air. Among respiratory viruses, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus were investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Among the virus-positive samples, we performed adenovirus quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Virus detection rates were 44.0%, 3.8%, 3.4%, and 17.3% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The virus detection rate was higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Adenovirus was most commonly detected, followed by influenza A virus and parainfluenza virus. Virus distribution was not significantly different between indoor and outdoor environments. Conclusions: Although virus concentrations were not high in residential environments, residents in houses with detected viruses may have an increased risk of exposure to airborne respiratory viruses, especially in winter and spring.
곰팡이 센서(Fungal detector)를 이용한 알러지 환자 가정의 실내 환경 평가 - 사례연구
이준협,김영환,문경환,Lee, Jun-Hyup,Kim, Young-Hwan,Moon, Kyong-Whan 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.1
The indoor environmental condition was assessed in houses with allergy (asthma and atopy) patients by use of a fungal detector. The fungal index was calculated from the growth rate of the sensor fungi in a fungal detector encapsulating the spores, Alternaria alternata S-78, Eurotium herbariorum J-183 and Aspergillus penicillioides K-712. Fungal indices were higher in asthma patient's houses than in control houses and Eurotium herbariorum showed the highest growth response among the sensor fungi. Dust mites allergen, Der f1, was also significantly high in allergy patient's houses where fungal indices above 10 were detected. A correlation was observed between the fungal indices and dust mite allergen proliferations in examined houses. Therefore, the fungal index can be a useful tool as an indirect indication for detecting chronic dampness that brings both contaminations by fungi and dust mite.
허은혜,원동환,문경환,Huh, Eun-Hae,Won, Dong-Hwan,Moon, Kyong-Whan 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.4
Objectives: Indoor air quality problems in public spaces have recently become a very important issue in South Korea, because many spend a long time every day indoors. In this study, an extensive literature review was performed on the subject of suspended bacteria and fungi in public facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent and types of suspended bacteria and fungi in indoor air in South Korea. This study will provide direction to the research in the field of indoor air. Methods: Article reviews was conducted using a search engine and the following keywords; 'bacteria', 'total suspended bacteria', 'fungi' and 'indoor air' from published articles since 2000. Results: Most of the places of measurement were schools, kindergartens, childcare centers and general hospitals. The highest concentrations of total suspended bacteria and fungi were found in schools and kindergartens. Some public facilities exceeded the standard of 800 CFU/$m^3$. There were few studies on other suspended bacteria: Gram Negative Bacteria, Staphylococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusions: It appears that more studies with intensive controls are needed. It was found that schools and kindergartens were most susceptible to microbial indoor air pollution. These results may be able to suggest an indoor standard for suspended bacteria and fungi in South Korea.
일부 생활화학용품에 함유된 성분 및 유해물질 조사 - 세정제와 소독제를 중심으로 -
허다안,허은혜,박지영,문경환,이기영,Heo, Da-An,Huh, Eun-Hae,Park, Ji Young,Moon, Kyong Whan,Lee, Kiyoung 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.5
Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the ingredients used in ten consumer product categories and determine hazardous substances among these ingredients. Methods: A total of 542 commercial products in ten consumer product categories were selected. The consumer products were sticker removers, washing machine cleaners, multi-purpose cleaners, mold removers, glass cleaners, chlorinated sanitizers, air conditioner cleaners, disposal cleaners, drain cleaners and disinfectant sprays. The company list was complied from governmental records and a market survey. The respective companies were contacted for a list of ingredients found in the 542 products. Results: The corresponding companies listed 163 ingredients. According to European Union (EU) Directive 67/548/EEC, 38 of the 163 ingredients were classified as dangerous substances. Among these substances, 28 ingredients were hazardous to the skin, 15 were hazardous to the eye, and nine were hazardous if inhaled. Three ingredients were classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction) substances: liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) with carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and VM&P naphtha and ligroine with carcinogenicity. Conclusion: Various chemicals, including hazardous substances, were used in consumer products. Risk assessment of consumer products is required in order to protect the population from health risks.
김영환,서형주,김진만,정연훈,문경환,Kim, Young-Hwan,Suh, Hyung-Joo,Kim, Jin-Man,Jung, Yeon-Hoon,Moon, Kyong-Whan Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5
This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, particles, and endotoxin in swine and chicken houses. Six swine buildings and seven chicken houses were randomly selected in southern Gyonggi Province, South Korea. The geometric mean concentrations of airborne bacteria in swine and chicken houses were $2.7{\times}10^5\;CFU/m^3$ and $5.6{\times}10^7\;CFU/m^3$, respectively. The airborne bacteria concentrations in chicken houses were significantly higher than those of swine houses (p<0.05). The geometric mean concentration of airborne fungi in swine houses was $4.9{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$, which was higher than the value of $2.1{\times}10^3\;CFU/m^3$ found in chicken houses. The mean concentrations of airborne particles and endotoxin in swine houses were $3.48\;mg/m^3$ and $943.1\;EU/m^3$, and they were $15.43\;mg/m^3$ and $1,430.5\;EU/m^3$ in chicken houses, respectively. A significant difference between swine and chicken houses was found for total dust (p<0.05), but not for endotoxin. In this study, the concentrations of endotoxin in both swine and chicken houses as well as particles in chicken houses were high, and in about 50% of the samples exceeded the worker health safety levels of $614\;EU/m^3$ suggested in previous studies. These results may indicate a considerable respiratory hazard for workers in these environments.