Experimental Study on the Spread Characteristics of Initial Fires According to Corridor Types

Kweon,Oh Sang,Kang,Hyun,Kim,Heung-Youl 한국방재학회 2021 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

건축물에서 화재 발생 시 복도는 화염과 연기의 확산 통로가 되어 재실자가 위험에 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복도의 형태에 따른 화재의 특성을 분석하기 위해서 단방향 피난이 가능한 ‘L’ 형태와 양방향 피난이 가능한 ‘T’ 형태의 복도를 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2 .4(H) m 크기로 제작하여 실물화재 실험을 진행하였다. 실물화재 실험은 2.0(W) × 1 .8(H) m 크기의 단일 개구부를 가지고 있는 2.4( L) × 3 .6(W) × 2 .4(H) m의 화재실에서 진행되었으며, 화재실 내부의 가연물은 ‘L’ 형태에서는 열방출률이 651.4 kW인 목재크립을 사용하고 ‘T’ 형태에서는 95.7 kW인 의자를 사용하였다. 실물화재 실험에서는 복도 내부의 온도 변화를 측정하였고 이른 통해 측정된 온도의 평균 최대값은 ‘L’ 형태에서 432.1 ℃로 ‘T’ 형태에서는 103.5 ℃로 나타났다. 또한, 실물화재 실험의 결과와 복도의 형태에 따른 환기특성을 BFD 곡선식에 적용하여 복도의 형태에 따른 화재성장 모델의 설계 과정을 제시하였다. During an accidental fire in buildings, the corridor becomes the path for flame and smoke to spread, exposing the occupants to danger. Therefore, this study conducted real-scale fire experiments using corridors of size 2.4(L) × 10(W) × 2.4(H) m an “L-type” corridor for one-way evacuation and a “T-type” corridor for two-way evacuation to analyze the characteristics of fire according to the shape of corridors. The real-scale fire experiments were conducted in a fire room (2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m) with a single opening (2.0(W) × 1.8(H) m). The combustibles used inside the fire room were wood cribs, with a heat release rate of 651.4 kW, in the L-type corridor and chairs, with a heat release rate of 95.7 kW, in the T-type corridor. The temperature inside the corridor was measured during the real-scale fire experiments, and the average maximum measured temperature was 432.1 °C in the L-type corridor and 103.5 °C in the T-type corridor. The experimental results and the ventilation characteristics according to the corridor types were applied to BFD curves to show the process of designing fire growth models according to corridor types.

우리나라 권역별 인구 불균형 분포 변화 : 2005년 이후 인구변화를 중심으로

권 일 한국교통대학교 2018 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.53 No.-

This paper is a follow-up study of Kweon‘s(2010) study on the distribution of population imbalance by region. Kweon analyzed regional imbalances based on population distribution by region and concentration level of prime city by region from 1960 to 2005. Since 2005, various national balanced development policies have been implemented in Korea including Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities. Therefore, it is necessary to analysys the effects of the balanced development policy until now by identifying the imbalance problem of the population in each region after 2005. As a result of the study, population concentration of the Capital Region is continued from 2005 to 2015, but the numerical values of population in 2015 are increased in all regions compared to 2005. In addition, the proportion of the population of prime cities by region also decreased after 2010, indicating that balanced development policies such as construction of Haengbok-city, Innovative-cities, and Corporate-cities have shown some effect, and especially the constructions of Innovative-cities have played a major role in mitigating the imbalance. In addition, the concentrations of population to the region’s prime cities area in the region have decreased since 2010.

복합시술 모발의 자외선 보호처리에 따른 손상도와 색상 변화

라채숙ㆍ권수애ㆍ이옥규(hae Suk LaㆍSoo Ae KweonㆍOk Kyu Lee) 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study aimed to determine the effects of UV-blocking by the type of UV care agent for complex-treated hair. For this, healthy women’s hair was permed, bleached and dyed, and a Polypeptide Protein Treatment and hair sunscreen agent were applied. After that, changes in the degree of wave formation, hair surface conditions, physical properties of the hair and hair hue were examined by irradiating UVB rays. The analysis results were found as follows: In terms of the degree of wave formation, no difference was observed among UV care agents. In terms of hair surface scale, hair damage was lower when the hair was coated twice as opposed to being coated once regardless of the type of the UV care agent and treatment method. In addition, tensile strength, elongation rate and resilience rate were superior in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In contrast, no significant difference was observed among the UV care agents in terms of damage rates. Lightness and reflected light were also high in the hair recoated with the hair sunscreen agent. In addition, the a* value, reflection and dominant wavelength were the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for the skin while b* value, reflection and degree of irritation was the highest in the hair with post-treatment coating for hair. The said results can be summarized as follows: The UV care agent revealed effective UV-blocking effects by maintaining the wave formation and preventing hair damage. When UV rays were irradiated, the hair for post-treatment product was the most efficient in maintaining hair color.

南冥·退溪 兩學派의 融和를 위해 노력한 澗松 趙任道

許捲洙 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2001 남명학연구 Vol.11 No.-

Gansong is a great scholar in Choson dynasty middleages. He was born in Haman county Kyungsang province depend in Nammyung school. However, He was educaded by three scholars belong to Tygae school from young age. Because his learning and personality was influenced from them strongly. especially from Yuheon. But he cannot help belonging to Nammyung school, for many Nammyung's disciple have resided in his hometown Haman and his wife's hometown moreover Nammyung's hometown Samga. Besides his father-in-law Nopa was the disciple of Nammyung's disciple Junginhong and he had be the chairman of Yongyam memorial hause. Though Gansong became a member of Nammyung school, he never has seceded from Tygae school. He has always play active part as both a member of Nammyung school and a member of Tygae school. Consequently his association span was very wide, and he made the best use of these circumstances. He has strained every nerve to mediate two schools. He was well-balanced scholar, so he has supported neither Nammyung school nor Tygac school. He adopted the good points of two schools and developed himself, became new own personality. Therefore he never have abtained a post in the government keeping his integrity. Though he has lived at seclusion, he has never forgotten nation and people. This point was influenced by Nammyung school. He has wirtten many prosees and poets, this point was influenced by Tygae school. His successors have regarded him as a member of Tygae school in order to uplit him. But this is not true. It is clear that he is both a member of Nammyung school and a member of Tygae school. His poet is very excellent, so deserves minutely study. If so, we can grasp him more crosely.

일반 대학생의 전방 보행 훈련 후 최대 심박수 및 산소 소모량의 변화

김권영,이경일,송지원 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximal cardiopulmonary response of healthy male college students in treadmill forward walking Subjects were composed of fifteen healthy male college students. Maximal heart rate and VO₂max Were determined for each subjects by administering a Bruce treadmill exercise test of the before and after forward walking training for eight weeks, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate the changes of the forward walk training, The study showed that maximal heart rate were 170.4 beat/min in pre-training, and 177.0 beats/min in post-training respectively resting heart rate was 71.7 beat/min in pretraining and 68.3beat in post. The maximal oxygen consumption were 2283.3㎖/min, 45.6% in pre-training, and 2736.9㎖/min, 57.3% in post-training. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in maximal heart rate, heart rate ratio of maximal heart rate(% HR), oxygen consumption and oxygen consumption ratio of maximal oxygen consumption(% VO₂max) between the pre and post-training, The total lipid and HDL cholesterol, Triglyceride level were 633.3㎎/㎗, 40.8㎎/㎗, 99.3㎎/㎗ in pre-training, and 510.1㎎/㎗, 57.8㎎/㎗, 85.6㎎/㎗ in post-training and there were significant increased of HDL cholesterol in post-training. We concluded that 7km/hr forward walk training for eight weeks was more effective exercise program to promote health in the college male students.

청담대종사의 선교관에 관한 연구

노권용 진주산업대학교 2005 마음사상 Vol.3 No.-

청담(1902~1971)은 조선시대 서산이후에 전개된 선과 교와 정토를 함께 닦는 삼문수업의 전통을 계승하였다. 조선후기의 수행법은 철저하게 교의를 익힌 다음 선으로 들어가는 수행체계를 수립하였다. 선교융회의 선교관과 사교입선의 교육과 수행체계에 힘입어 조선후기의 전반적인 수행풍토는 圓融修行이 확립되었다. 서산으로부터 시작된 ‘사교입선’ ‘삼문수업’ ‘간화선우위’의 사고방식은 이렇게 한국불교에 면면히 흘러져 내려오고 있는 것이다. 이러한 풍토에 영향을 받은 청담도 사교입선의 원칙에 따라 교를 밑바탕으로 하여 禪수행을 한 후 깨달음을 얻었다. 또한 깨달음을 얻은 후 도선사에 머물면서 護國懺悔院을 건립하여 염불수행을 권장하는 圓融불교를 몸소 실천 하였다. The representative priest who tried to consolidate the confused Buddhist circle was Soe-San-Dae-Sa. He endeavoredto harmonize the Soen sect and Kyo sect and restore Buddhism, The greatest influence on the Buddhist circle of Seo-San was the tradition of ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Hak’. He always emphasized on harmonious practices. Hence, he suggested ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Up’ comprised of ‘Kyung-Joel-Mun’, ‘Won-Don-Mun’, ‘Joeng-To-Mun’. Chung-dam's influence on ‘Sa-Kyo-Ip-Soen’ still affects on the view of Seon and Kyo in Korean Buddhism. In addition, ‘Kan-Wha-Soen’ and ‘Sam-Mun-Su-Up’, emphasized by Soe-San, are established theories in practices of Korean Buddhism. It is no exaggeration to say that the Buddhist line initiated from Soe-San and his four great disciples has become the current main stream, which includes the majority of the priests of Korean Buddhism. Chung-dam's the thoughts of ‘Sa-Kyo-Ip-Soen’, ‘Sam-Mun-Soen-Up’, ‘Kan-Wha-Soen-Woo-Wui’, advocated by Chung-dam's, have been passed down in Korean Buddhism and Korean Buddhism has inherited the tradition of enlightenment with his disciples' efforts.

明庵 정식의 生涯와 詩文學에 대한 考究

許捲洙 慶尙大學校 南冥學硏究所 2004 남명학연구 Vol.17 No.-

明庵 鄭拭은 1683(肅宗 9)년에 普州 玉峯에서 태어났다. 字는 敬甫이고, 명암은 그 號이다. 明나라가 망한 것을 슬퍼하여 일생 동안 仕宦하지 않고 초야에서 포의로 지내다 일생을 마친 문학자이다. 그는 명나라를 숭상하는 인물 가운데서도 철저한 사람이었다. 그는 청나라는 미개한 오랑캐로 간주하여 철저하게 배척하여 인정하지 않았다. 명나라를 높은 학문과 찬란한 문화를 가진 중국 역사사의 正統으로 인정하였다. 사람답게 사는 삶의 질이 높은 이상적인 국가로 명나라를 생각하였다. 그래서 청나라가 지배하는 세상에 나가서 벼슬하는 것을 더럽게 생각하였고, 어떻게 하면 중국 대륙에서 청나라를 섬멸하여 축출할까 하는 것이 일생의 話題였다. 명암의 사상과 문학은 모두 이 화두에서 출발하였다. 그래서 그의 號마저도 明庵이라고 했던 것이다. 그의 고결한 정신자세는, 朝鮮의 伯夷叔齊라 일컬어 손색이 없다. 청나라가 중국을 통치하고 있던 시대에 태어나 살았던 明庵은, 名利를 초탈하여 명나라의 회복과 청나라의 축출을 염원하면서 한 평생 부귀영화를 누리는 것을 스스로 포기하고서, 出處의 大節을 지켜 곧게 깨끗하게 艱苦한 삶을 영위하였다. 그는 선비 지식인으로서 국가의 운명에 무관심할 수 없었던 것이다. 伯夷叔齊 이래로 이어져 온 선비의 節義사상이 이 시대상황에서 명암을 통해 體現된 것이었다. 그의 시는 淸淨하고 眞率한 肺腑에서 흘러나온 것이기에 읽는 사람에게 감동을 준다. 詩想이 다채롭고 진지하고, 표현의 기법도 독창적이라 이전의 시를 답습한 것이 아니고, 아주 逼眞하게 사물을 묘사하였다. 언어를 다루는 기술이 섬세하여 그의 시는 내용적으로 뿐만 아니라 文藝的으로 성공하였다고 할 수 있다. 그의 산문 가운데는 「矗石樓重修記」,「義巖碑記」등 많은 사람들의 주목을 받았던 글이 있지만, 문학적으로 가장 뛰어난 글은 여러 종류의 遊山錄이라 할 수 있다. 그의 유산록은 산수문학의 典範으로서 韓國漢文學史에 등장시킬 가치가 있다. 本考에서는 지금까지 학계에 소개된 적이 없었던 明庵 鄭拭의 생애와 그의 詩文學의 독특한 면모를 밝혀, 韓國漢文學 연구의 지평을 확대하고자 한다. Jungsik, with the pen name of Meongam, is a literati in the latter period of Chosun dynasty. He has never entered government service. Because he has deeply deplored that Ming dynasty has been collapsed by Qing dynasty. he has regarded that Ming dynasty is an enlightened nation, but Qing dynasty is a barbarian nation. At that period, most of Chonsun' Confucianists have regarded Ming dynasty as suzerain nation to Chonsun dynasty. So they couldn't help deploring to the fall of Ming dynasty. Jungsik also was one of that Confuciaists who thinks so. Therefore, in his whole time, he has tried to rebuild Ming dynasty. Consequently his life has undergone through many hardships, but he has never broken his life principles. His spirit like this has revealed in his poetries and proses. As his poetry have gushed out from the bottom of his heart, his poetry is fresh and sincere. So the atmosphere of his poetry can make reader move deeply. His techniques of expression is creative and variegated. And he has written poetry with the vivid description. He has never followed in former poets footstep. Poetic language that he has command is polished well. In conclusion, his poetry is excellent not only in contents but also in literary. Besides, although his prose, for instance Choksuklu record and Euyam epitaph have been received many readers' attentions. But his best excellent prose is his picnic record. Especially, his picnic record is nice model of scenic beauty, and can be registered on the history of Korean literature in Sino character.

동결견 환자의 외적유발인자 및 치료효과

김권영 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the external causative factors of frozen shoulder and the effectiveness of treatment on the neck and shoulder. Forty eight patients with frozen shoulder were assessed by the range of motion of the shoulder joint and simple radiologic findings and electrodiagnostic studies. Forty five patients were abnormal in plain cervical spine and shoulder x-rays with cervical disc space narrowing in 17 Patients and cervical spondylosis in 15 patients, straightening of cervical lordotic curve, osteoporosis etc. Cervical radiculopathies were diagnosed in thirty six patients and normal in twelve patients in electrodiagnostic studies. Statistically significant increments of range of motion in the shoulder and decrement of the visual analog scale scores were observed in all patients after comprehensive rehabilitation((P<.05). Therapeutic protocol for those frozen shoulder patients must be individualized after correct diagnosis is made, therefore patients should have their necks examined and needed treatment of the cervical abnormalities and the shoulder region.

뇌기능 장애 환자에서 뇌 SPECT의 유용성

김권영,신수범 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Objective: To evaluate usefulness of the brain SPECT in brain dysfunction patients who showed low Mini-MentaI State Examination(MMSE) score. Method: Eighty four patients who were visited to a rehabilitation hospital for their brain dysfunction were retropectively studied. We investigated percent of positive finding in brain SPECT, brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies, and correlation of MMSE scores, brain SPECT, P-300 studies, and correlation of brain SPECT, brain CT and MRI, P-300 studies. Resutts: Percent of positive finding in brain SPECT was high than brain CT, MRI, P-300 studies. MMSE scores were positive correlation with brain SPECT, but no correlation with P-300 study(P>0.05). Brain SPECT were significant correlation with brain CT (P<0.05), but no correlation with brain MRI and P-300 studies (P>0.05). P-300 study was no correlation with brain CT, MRI (P>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that brain SPECT is useful for reflection of brain dysfunction.

뇌졸중 환자에 동반된 환측 요신경총병증 1예

김권영,강정훈,박진우 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2008 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.33 No.2

The majority of stroke patients present that upper extremity of hemiplegic limb is weaker than lower extremity. So rehabilitation of hemiplegic upper extremity shows multiple problems. Peripheral nerve injuries included brachial plexopathy in hemiplegic upper extremity is more common reported than lower problem. Moreover, lumbar plexopathy in hemiplegic lower extremity is rarely reported. A 56-year old woman of acute hemiplegic stroke presented with back pain and proximal weakness of the hemiplegic leg. Neurologic examination and electrophysiologic studies show upper lumbar plexopathy. We report a stroke patient with lumbar plexopathy which leads to proximal weaknesss on hemiplegic leg.