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안전조치 사찰을 위한 휴대형 HPGe 검출기 시제품 성능평가 실험
Kwak, Sung-Woo,Ahn, Gil Hoon,Park, Iljin,Ham, Young Soo,Dreyer, Jonathan 대한방사선방어학회 2014 방사선방어학회지 Vol.39 No.1
IAEA는 핵물질 계량 관리 검사를 위해 다양한 방사선 검출기를 사용하고 있다. 주로 HPGe, NaI(Tl), CZT 등이 사용되며, 정확한 측정이 요구되는 검사에는 고분해능 HPGe 검출기 활용도가 높다. HPGe 검출기는 추가적인 냉각장치로 인하여 부피가 크고 무거우며, 사용하기 전에 충분히 냉각시켜야 하기 때문에 측정의 준비 시간이 많이 걸린다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 가볍고 짧은 사용 전 냉각이 요구되는 휴대형 HPGe가 개발되었다. 본 논문은 개발된 휴대형 HPGe 검출기 시제품을 실제 IAEA 사찰 현장에 적용하여 얻은 성능평가 결과를 기술한다. 휴대형 HPGe로 얻은 방사선 스펙트럼은 핵물질 종류와 농축도에 따라 다른 특징을 보였고, 또한 $^{235}U$과 $^{238}U$의 붕괴 계열에서 방출되는 감마선 및 우라늄의 특성 x-선 차이도 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 휴대형 HPGe 검출기 시제품으로 측정한 농축도는 핵물질 종류에 따라 실제값과 9 ~ 27%의 상대적 오차를 보였다. 휴대형이라는 소형 검출기의 한계 때문에 일부 핵물질은 IAEA에서 요구하는 정확도를 만족시키지 못하는 경우도 있었지만 향후 추가적인 연구의 수행으로 이러한 문제점은 해결 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 새로운 휴대형 HPGe 검출기를 안전조치에 적용한 사례와 측정한 스펙트럼을 농축도 분석 코드로 분석한 결과를 다룬다. 따라서 국내 원자력시설의 우라늄 농축도 검증을 위한 IAEA 안전조치 사찰 결과를 분석한 논문이 별로 발표되지 않은 상황에서, 본 논문은 안전조치 검사 결과 분석에도 유익할 것으로 판단된다. 개발된 방사선 검출기의 개선 사항도 함께 논의하였으므로 향후 관련 분야 방사선 검출기 개발에도 기여할 것으로 예상된다. IAEA has employed various types of radiation detectors - HPGe, NaI, CZT - for accountancy of nuclear material. Among them, HPGe has been mainly used in verification activities required for high accuracy. Due to its essential cooling component(a liquid-nitrogen cooling or a mechanical cooling system), it is large and heavy and needs long cooling time before use. New hand-held portable HPGe has been developed to address such problems. This paper deals with results of performance evaluation test of the new hand-held portable HPGe prototype which was used during IAEA's inspection activities. Radioactive spectra obtained with the new portable HPGe showed different characteristics depending on types and enrichments of nuclear materials inspected. Also, Gamma-rays from daughter radioisotopes in the decay series of $^{235}U$ and $^{238}U$ and characteristic x-rays from uranium were able to be remarkably separated from other peaks in the spectra. A relative error of enrichment measured by the new portable HPGe was in the range of 9 to 27%. The enrichment measurement results didn't meet partially requirement of IAEA because of a small size of a radiation sensing material. This problem might be solved through a further study. This paper discusses how to determine enrichment of nuclear material as well as how to apply the new hand-held portable HPGe to safeguard inspection. There have been few papers to deal with IAEA inspection activity in Korea to verify accountancy of nuclear material in national nuclear facilities. This paper would contribute to analyzing results of safeguards inspection. Also, it is expected that things discussed about further improvement of a radiation detector would make contribution to development of a radiation detector in the related field.
포스터전시 : 자발성 진균성 복막염의 임상 양상 분석: 자발성 세균성 복막염과의 비교 (초)
( Sang Youn Hwang ),( Jeong Hoon Lee ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Min Sun Kwak ),( Eun Sun Jang ),( Joon Suk Kim ),( Su Jong You ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung Hwan Yoon ),( Eui Chong Kim ),( Hyo Suk Lee ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.3(S)
Kwak, Dong Hoon,Moussavou, Ghislain,Lee, Ju Hyoung,Heo, Sung Youn,Ko, Kisung,Hwang, Kyung-A,Jekal, Seung-Joo,Choo, Young-Kug MDPI 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.11
<P>We have generated the transgenic Tabaco plants expressing multiple monoclonal antibody (mAb) CO7-1A × BR55 by cross-pollinating with mAb CO17-1A and mAb BR55. We have demonstrated the anti-cancer effect of plant-derived multiple mAb CO17-1A × BR55. We find that co-treatment of colorectal mAbs (anti-epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM), plant-derived monoclonal antibody (mAb<SUP>P</SUP>) CO17-1A and mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55) with RAW264.7 cells significantly inhibited the cell growth in SW620 cancer cells. In particular, multi mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 significantly and efficiently suppressed the growth of SW620 cancer cells compared to another mAbs. Apoptotic death-positive cells were significantly increased in the mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55-treated. The mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 treatment significantly decreased the expression of B-Cell lymphoma-2 (BCl-2), but the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 were markedly increased. <I>In vivo</I>, the mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 significantly and efficiently inhibited the growth of colon tumors compared to another mAbs. The apoptotic cell death and inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins expression were highest by treatment with mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55. In addition, the mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 significantly inhibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in cancer cells and tumors. Therefore, this study results suggest that multiple mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 has a significant effect on apoptosis-mediated anticancer by suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in colon cancer compared to another mAbs. In light of these results, further clinical investigation should be conducted on mAb<SUP>P</SUP> CO17-1A × BR55 to determine its possible chemopreventive and/or therapeutic efficacy against human colon cancer.</P>
Expression and Distribution Pattern of Retinoic Acid Receptors in the Nasal Mucosa
Kwak Jiwon,Lee Tae Hoon,Han Munsoo,Lee Sang Hag,Kim Tae Hoon 대한비과학회 2022 Journal of rhinology Vol.29 No.1
Background and Objectives: Retinoids are naturally occurring vitamin A derivatives that regulate cellular processes and metabolism. In particular, retinoids play a key role in cellular proliferation by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RAR)-alpha, beta, and gamma. Considering the functional role of nasal mucosa where active cell regeneration occurs, RAR may play a role in tissue remodeling of the human nasal mucosa.Methods: In this study, we investigated the expression and distribution pattern of RAR using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot in normal ethmoid mucosa (NE), chronic rhinosinusitis (IE) and polyp (P).Results: IE and P samples showed higher expression levels of RAR in RT-PCR and Western blot than NE samples. RAR reactivity was also observed in the NE group, which indicates that cell regeneration also occurs in normal condition. Through IHC, we found the localization of RAR. RAR-α was distributed in the epithelial cells, submucosal glands, and endothelial cells. RAR-β was located in the basal epithelium, while RAR-γ was present in goblet cells and submucosal glands. The staining intensity of RAR-α, β and γ was higher than that in the NE group. Especially in the P group, RARs were abundantly distributed in the stalks of polyps.Conclusion: The stalk region contains a lot of collagen and fibroblasts to support polyp formation, and the greater amount of RAR in the stalk suggested that RARs may be associated with angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Accordingly, elevated RAR levels in chronic rhinosinusitis could indicate that RARs play a critical role in cell regeneration, angiogenesis and immunomodulation under inflammatory conditions in the human nasal mucosa.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Women
Kwak, Soo Heon,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Cho, Young Min,Go, Min Jin,Cho, Yoon Shin,Choi, Sung Hee,Moon, Min Kyong,Jung, Hye Seung,Shin, Hyoung Doo,Kang, Hyun Min,Cho, Nam H.,Lee, In Kyu,Kim, Seong Yeon,Han, Bok- American Diabetes Association 2012 Diabetes Vol.61 No.2
<P><B/></P><P>Knowledge regarding the genetic risk loci for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still limited. In this study, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association analysis in Korean women. In the stage 1 genome scan, 468 women with GDM and 1,242 nondiabetic control women were compared using 2.19 million genotyped or imputed markers. We selected 11 loci for further genotyping in stage 2 samples of 931 case and 783 control subjects. The joint effect of stage 1 plus stage 2 studies was analyzed by meta-analysis. We also investigated the effect of known type 2 diabetes variants in GDM. Two loci known to be associated with type 2 diabetes had a genome-wide significant association with GDM in the joint analysis. rs7754840, a variant in <I>CDKAL1</I>, had the strongest association with GDM (odds ratio 1.518; <I>P</I> = 6.65 × 10<SUP>−16</SUP>). A variant near <I>MTNR1B</I>, rs10830962, was also significantly associated with the risk of GDM (1.454; <I>P</I> = 2.49 × 10<SUP>−13</SUP>). We found that there is an excess of association between known type 2 diabetes variants and GDM above what is expected under the null hypothesis. In conclusion, we have confirmed that genetic variants in <I>CDKAL1</I> and near <I>MTNR1B</I> are strongly associated with GDM in Korean women. There seems to be a shared genetic basis between GDM and type 2 diabetes.</P>
Kwak, Soo Heon,Park, Young Joo,Go, Min Jin,Lee, Kyu Eun,Kim, Su-jin,Choi, Hoon Sung,Kim, Tae Hyuk,Choi, Sung Hee,Lim, Soo,Kim, Ki Woong,Park, Do Joon,Kim, Sung Soo,Lee, Jong-Young,Park, Kyong Soo,Jang IRL Press 2014 Human molecular genetics Vol.23 No.16
<P>Genetic factors are thought to be an important determinant of thyroid function and autoimmunity. However, there are limited data on genetic variants in Asians. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study on plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT<SUB>4</SUB>) concentration and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody positivity in 4238 Korean subjects. In the Stage 1 genome scan, 3396 participants from the Ansung cohort were investigated using 1.42 million genotyped or imputed markers. In the Stage 2 follow-up, 10 markers were genotyped in 842 participants from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging cohort. An intronic variant in <I>VAV3,</I> rs12126655, which has been reported in Europeans, was significantly associated with plasma TSH concentration in the joint Stages 1 and 2 analyses (<I>P</I> = 2.2 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). We observed that a novel variant, rs2071403, located 75 bp proximal to the translational start site of <I>TPO</I> was significantly associated with plasma anti-TPO antibody positivity in the joint Stages 1 and 2 analyses (<I>P</I> = 1.3 × 10<SUP>−10</SUP>). This variant had a marginal sex-specific effect, and its association was more significant in females. Subjects possessing the rs2071403A allele, associated with an absence of the anti-TPO antibody, had decreased TPO mRNA expression in their thyroid tissue. Another intronic variant of <I>HLA-DPB2</I>, rs733208, had a suggestive association with anti-TPO antibody positivity (<I>P</I> = 4.2 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP>). In conclusion, we have identified genetic variants that are strongly associated with TSH level and anti-TPO antibody positivity in Koreans. Further replications and meta-analysis are required to confirm these findings.</P>