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Ability and Creativity: Their Role in Science and Technology
Kurt A. Heller 한국영재학회 1994 영재교육연구 Vol.3·4 No.1
In addition to exceptional cognitive abilities and domain-specific aptitudes. frequently creativity potentials are used to explain high achievements in science and technology. In the Guilford tradition, research focuses increasingly on convergent versus divergent thinking. that is. a suspected dichotomy between intelligence and creativity. Despite important insights from this about relationship of ability and creativity, a number of important questions remain unanswered. These relate not only to conceptualization and measurement problems regarding the hypothetical constructs "scientific ability" and "creativity", but also their diagnosis and nurturarice in childhood and adolescence. It would appear that, in view of current research paradigms, the role of ability and creativity needs to be redefined in order to more reliably predict and explain excellent achievements in science and technology. Advances are mostly expected from synthetic approaches. Thus. I will be presenting new theoretical models and empirical research results. Finally, consequences for the prediction and promotion of mathematical-scientific and technical talents will be discussed including the consideration of sex-related problems.
Affect and Successful Performance: A Study on the Tower of Hanoi and Nine-dot
Madeline L. Pe,Ai-Girl Tan,Kurt A. Heller 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.1
A study was conducted to investigate the relation between positive affect, feeling, task interest and performance. The participants of the study were 109 post secondary students from the business school in Singapore. The age range was between 17 and 20 years old (M = 18.13, SD = .70). The students of the study solved two problems, the Tower of Hanoi task (paper and pen format, well-defined task) and nine dot problem (insight task). Before problem solving, the participants rated their mood using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) and pleasantness rating of unfamiliar words (Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987). After the tasks, they rated the PANAS and task interest. The findings supported the hypotheses that there is a positive relation between positive affect and successful task completion (Fredrickson, 1998), between task interest and successful performance (Amabile, 1983). The findings suggest a change in negative affect (lower than the initial state) as an indicator of the presence of successful performance, particularly in solving a well-defined task (Schwarz, 1990). The study expands the paradigm of inclusion of emotions in regulating performance, including positive and negative affect, task interest and general feeling.