Enhancing the H₂O Megamaser Detection Rate Using Optical and Mid-infrared Photometry

Kuo, C. Y.,Constantin, A.,Braatz, J. A.,Chung, H. H.,Witherspoon, C. A.,Pesce, D.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Gao, F.,Hao, Lei,Woo, J.-H.,Zaw, Ingyin American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.860 No.2

<P>Water megamasers from circumnuclear disks in galaxy centers provide the most accurate measurements of supermassive black hole masses and uniquely probe the subparsec accretion processes. At the same time, these systems offer independent crucial constraints of the Hubble constant in the nearby universe, and thus, the arguably best single constraint on the nature of dark energy. The chances of finding these golden standards are, however, abysmally low, at less than or similar to 3% overall for any level of water maser emission detected at 22 GHz and less than or similar to 1% for those exhibiting disk-like configuration. We provide here a thorough summary of the current state of detection of water megamaser disks along with a novel investigation of the likelihood of increasing their detection rates based on a multivariate parameter analysis of the optical and mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometric properties of the largest database of galaxies surveyed for 22 GHz emission. We find that galaxies with water megamaser emission tend to be associated with strong emission in all Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR wavelengths, with the strongest enhancement in the W4 band, at 22 mu m, as well as with previously proposed and newly found indicators of active galactic nucleus strength in the mid-IR, such as red W1 - W2 and W1 - W4 colors, and the integrated mid-IR luminosity of the host galaxy. These trends offer a potential boost of the megamaser detection rates to 6%-15%, or a factor of 2-8 relative to the current rates, depending on the chosen sample selection criteria, while fostering real chances for discovering. 20 new megamaser disks.</P>

THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. IX. BLACK HOLE MASSES FOR THREE MASER GALAXIES

Gao, F.,Braatz, J. A.,Reid, M. J.,Condon, J. J.,Greene, J. E.,Henkel, C.,Impellizzeri, C. M. V.,Lo, K. Y.,Kuo, C. Y.,Pesce, D. W.,Wagner, J.,Zhao, W. American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.834 No.1

<P>As part of the Megamaser Cosmology Project, we present VLBI maps of nuclear water masers toward five galaxies. The masers originate in sub-parsec circumnuclear disks. For three of the galaxies, we fit Keplerian rotation curves to estimate their supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses, and determine (2.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(6)M(Theta) for J0437+2456, (1.7 +/- 0.1) x 10(7)M(Theta) for ESO 558-G009, and (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(7)M(Theta) for NGC 5495. In the other two galaxies, Mrk 1029 and NGC 1320, the geometry and dynamics are more complicated and preclude robust black hole mass estimates. Including our new results, we compiled a list of 15 VLBI-confirmed disk maser galaxies with robust SMBH mass measurements. With this sample, we confirm the empirical relation of R-out proportional to 0.3M(SMBH) reported in Wardle & Yusef-Zadeh. We also find a tentative correlation between maser disk outer radii and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer luminosity. We find no correlations of maser disk size with X-ray 2-10 keV luminosity or [O III] luminosity.</P>

A Study on the utilization of controlled random storytelling system in interactive storytelling

Kuo Qi ZHANG,Yi GAO,Seok Kyoo KIM,Dae-woong RHEE 한국컴퓨터게임학회 2020 한국컴퓨터게임학회논문지 Vol.33 No.4

Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by Aqueous Ozone

( Lifang Feng ),( Kuo Zhang ),( Mengsha Gao ),( Chunwei Shi ),( Caiyun Ge ),( Daofeng Qu ),( Junli Zhu ),( Yugang Shi ),( Jianzhong Han ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.8

Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination causes serious foodborne illness and has become a global health problem. As a disinfectant, aqueous ozone can effectively kill a number of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microorganisms. In this study, three factors, namely, the aqueous ozone concentration, the exposure time, and the bacterial density, were analyzed by response surface methodology, and the aqueous ozone concentration was the most influential factor in the sterilization ratio. Under low aqueous ozone concentrations (less than 0.125 mg/l), the bacterial cell membranes remained intact, and the ozone was detoxified by intracellular antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase and catalase). Under high aqueous ozone concentrations (more than 1 mg/l), cell membranes were damaged by the degree of peripheral electronegativity at the cell surface and the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase released into the extracellular space, and the ultrastructures of the cells were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Aqueous ozone penetrated the cells through leaking membranes, inactivated the enzymes, inhibited almost all the genes, and degraded the genetic materials of gDNA and total RNA, which eventually led to cell death.

基层次分析法的中国生鲜农产品 供应链风险评价体系硏究

邵欣欣(Shao, xinxin),高阔(Gao Kuo),강태원 한중사회과학학회 2019 한중사회과학연구 Vol.17 No.1

In recent years, fresh agricultural products have increasingly become one of the indispensable foods on the table of consumers. However, due to the natural attributes of fresh agricultural products, fresh agricultural supply chain has higher risks than general supply chain. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify and evaluate the risks of fresh agricultural supply chain. This paper firstly combs the relevant domestic and foreign literatures on the risk of fresh agricultural product supply chain. On this basis, on the basis of building the fresh agricultural products supply chain risk evaluation system, involved 4 first-level indicators (demand risk, supply risk, logistics risk, information risk) and 12 secondary indicators, through the questionnaire survey to get the data by using AHP to determine the index weight, and the three different cases of fresh agricultural products supply chain risk assessment analysis, the results showed that: (1) in the risk system of fresh agricultural product supply chain, the weight of demand risk is the largest (0.5174), followed by supply risk (0.2490), logistics risk (0.1279), and information risk (0.1057). (2) among the 12 secondary risk indicator systems, the top six are price fluctuation (0.2753), product quality safety (0.1942), consumer preference (0.1894), delivery delay (0.0627), competition for the same product(0.0527) and information distortion (0.0518). (3) in the case study, the fresh agricultural products supply chain with BoLai agriculture as the core has the strongest risk resistance ability, followed by YiXiangnong and XianKelai. Finally, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions from the aspects of supply and demand, logistics technology and mode, informatization and so on. In this paper, the risk assessment system of fresh agricultural supply chain is constructed by combining qualitative and quantitative methods and conducts empirical analysis, which provides theoretical basis for scientific risk avoidance countermeasures and effectively guarantees the continuous and stable operation of fresh agricultural supply chain. 近年来, 生鲜农产品越来越成为消费者餐桌上不可或缺的食物之一, 但由 于生鲜农产品本身的自然属性导致生鲜农产品供应链比一般供应链风险更 高, 因此, 对生鲜农产品供应链风险识别与评价显得尤为重要。本文首先对 生鲜农产品供应链风险的国内外相关文献进行了梳理, 在此基础上构建了生 鲜农产品供应链风险评价体系, 共涉及4个一级指标(需求风险、供应风险、 物流风险、信息风险)和12个二级指标, 其次通过问卷调硏获取数据运用层 次分析法确定指标权重, 幷对三条不同的生鲜农产品供应链进行风险评价的 案例分析, 硏究结果显示: (1)生鲜农产品供应链风险体系中, 需求风险的权 重最大(0.5174), 其次是供应风险(0.2490), 再次物流风险(0.1279), 最后是信 息风险(0.1057);(2)12个二级风险指标体系中, 处于前六位的分别是价格波 动(0.2753)、产品质量安全(0.1942)、消费者偏好(0.1894)、交货延迟(0.062 7)、同产品竞争(0.0527)、信息失眞(0.0518);(3)案例分析中博莱农业为核心 的生鲜农产品供应链抗风险能力最强, 其次是溢香农和仙客来。最后本文从 供需方面、物流技术与模式、信息化等四个方面提出了具有针对性的对策 建议和意见。本文通过定性与定量相结合的方法构建生鲜农产品供应链风 险评价体系幷进行实証分析, 为科学的制定风险规避对策提供了理论依据, 能有效的保障生鲜农产品供应链持续稳定的运作。

The Effects of Omni-channel Characteristics on Chinese Consumers' Perceived Cost and Purchase Intention

Xin-Xin SHAO,Kuo GAO,강태원 한국유통경영학회 2019 유통경영학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Purpose: As a new retail model, omni-channel is different from the previous single-channel, multi-channel and cross-channel retail models, researching and exploring the impact of its characteristics on consumers' omni-channel shopping intention is beneficial to the industry and enterprise, which can better meet customer needs and improve customers satisfaction and corporate competitiveness. Based on the characteristic of omni-channel, the literature and theory on the intention of purchase through the perceived cost and omni-channel, this paper established the conceptual model of the influence mechanism of Chinese consumer on the intention of purchasing in omni-Channel. Research design, data, and methodology: A total of 293 valid samples were obtained through online questionnaire and offline face-to-face reply, taking consumers who had experienced shopping through omni-channel as subjects, and model reliability and validity test, fit test of the model, model hypothesis verification and path coefficient, mediation effect analysis were conducted by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results: The empirical analysis shows that the omni-channel characteristics such as immediacy, interactivity and consistency were the main drivers that directly affected consumers' purchase intention. Immediacy and consistency not only directly but also indirectly affected consumers’ omni-channel purchase intentions, while interactivity only directly affected consumers’ omni-channel purchase intention. Among the factors affecting consumers’ omni-channel purchase intention, the effect of consistency was the largest (0.42), followed by immediacy (0.38), and the effect of interactivity was the least (0.17). Perceived cost acted as a mediating variable, and perceived cost negatively affected consumers' purchase intention of omni-channel. Immediacy and consistency of omni-channel affected purchase intention through perceived cost. Interactivity had no indirect impact on the shopping intention, mainly because consumers were used to resort to channels, so perceived cost was not sensitive to omni-channel interactivity. Conclusions: According to the research results, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions for the retail enterprises' omni-channel strategy from the three aspects. Increasing the purchase intention by improving consistent products, services, information and experiences. Improving the immediacy level through big data and information technology to meet the needs of customers anytime and anywhere. Reducing consumer perceived costs through improved omni-channel characteristics and improving logistics levels.

Highly Durable and Robust Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Cotton Fabric with Well-designed Roughness for Oil/Water Separation

Jiangtao Hu,Qianhong Gao,Lu Xu,Minglei Wang,Maojiang Zhang,Kuo Zhang,Xiaojing Guo,Weihua Liu,Guozhong Wu 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.7

Herein we report a simple and reproducible method for fabricating highly durable and robust superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cotton fabrics via simultaneous radiation-induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent chemical modifications with aminopropyltriethoxysilane and hexamethyldisilazane. The chemical structure and the surface topography of the pristine and the modified cotton fabrics were investigated in detail by ATR-FTIR, XPS, and 29Si NMR, and a grafting layer was successfully immobilized onto the surface of the cotton fabric by forming covalent bonds. Multi-dimensional surface roughness was created by combining micro-sized fibers of the cotton fabric, nanoscaled protuberances of the grafting chain, and molecular level spherical projection points of silicon methyl. The superhydrophobic cotton fabric exhibited long-term stability, ultra-high durability and robustness, and maintained its properties even after 25 wash cycles. The fabric also showed excellent water repellency with a water contact angle of 153 o and a high efficiency of oil/water separation (98 %). The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic cotton fabric developed in the present work exhibits important potential applications in superhydrophobic textiles and oil/water separation.