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Shin, Kook-Sik,Yoon, Young-man,Jung, Ha-Il,Hyun, Byung-Geun,Cho, Hyun-Joon,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5
This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors ($k_1$) ranged between $0.145{\sim}0.257day^{-1}$ and persistent degradable factors ($k_2$) were $0.027{\sim}0.080day^{-1}$. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater $k_1$ values (0.257, $0.211day^{-1}$) and smaller $k_2$ values (0.027, $0.030day^{-1}$) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.
Effect of Organic Content on Anaerobic Biodegradability by Agricultural Waste Biomass
Shin, Kook-Sik,Yoon, Young-Man,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.3
Recently interest on production of biogas from biomass resources has increased because of climate change in worldwide. In this study, anaerobic digestion efficiency of 17 different types of agricultural waste was evaluated using biochemical methane production potential estimated from the International biochemical methane potential standard method (Germany VDI4630). As a result, theoretical biochemical methane potential ($B_{th}$) of agricultural waste biomass ranged from 0.266 to $0.488Nm^3kg^{-1}$-Volatile Solid $(VS)_{added}$. Ultimate biochemical methane potential ($B_u$) of agricultural waste biomass ranged between 0.176 and $0.417Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. The agricultural waste biomass anaerobic biodegradability with $B_u/B_{th}$ and VDI4630 determined by VS contents was 36.0~95.9% and 30.8~91.1%, respectively. Ultimate methane potential and anaerobic biodegradability given by the VS term showed more reasonable results.
The Estimation of Water Balance at Regional Upland According to RCP8.5 Scenario from 2011 to 2020
Kook-sik Shin,Hyun-Sook Cho,Ki-Young Seong,Tae-Seon Park,Hang-Won Kang,Myung-Chul Seo 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.1
In order to evaluate water balance at upland according to RCP8.5 climate change scenario distributed by Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA), we simulated soil moisture using estimation model, called AFKAE0.5 for 66 sites from 2011 to 2020, and established the water balance maps. The amount of annual average precipitation by RCP8.5 scenario was highest in 2016 as recorded 2,062 mm and lowest in 2011 with 1,134 mm. As result of analysis for monthly precipitation and runoff, the amounts of precipitation and runoff have been especially intensive in July in 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2020. Overall, the area of Kyeongbuk and Gyeonggi was estimated more dried status of soil compared with precipitation. Except 2015 and 2020, soil water balance was recorded as negative value in other years which was calculated by subtracting output from input. The status of soil moisture was the most dry in 2020 among those in other years.
Effect of Organic Content on Anaerobic Biodegradability by Agricultural Waste Biomass
Kook-Sik Shin,Young-Man Yoon,Yeon-Kyu Sonn 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.3
Recently interest on production of biogas from biomass resources has increased because of climate change in worldwide. In this study, anaerobic digestion efficiency of 17 different types of agricultural waste was evaluated using biochemical methane production potential estimated from the International biochemical methane potential standard method (Germany VDI4630). As a result, theoretical biochemical methane potential (Bth) of agricultural waste biomass ranged from 0.266 to 0.488 Nm³ kg<SUP>-1</SUP>-Volatile Solid (VS)added. Ultimate biochemical methane potential (Bu) of agricultural waste biomass ranged between 0.176 and 0.417 Nm³ kg<SUP>-1</SUP>-VSadded. The agricultural waste biomass anaerobic biodegradability with Bu/Bth and VDI4630 determined by VS contents was 36.0∼95.9% and 30.8∼91.1%, respectively. Ultimate methane potential and anaerobic biodegradability given by the VS term showed more reasonable results.
Automated Maskless Photolithography System for Peptide Microarray Synthesis on a Chip
Shin, Dong-Sik,Lee, Kook-Nyung,Yoo, Byung-Wook,Kim, Jaehi,Kim, Mira,Kim, Yong-Kweon,Lee, Yoon-Sik American Chemical Society 2010 Journal of combinatorial chemistry Vol.12 No.4
<P>Maskless photolithographic peptide synthesis was performed on a glass chip using an automated peptide array synthesizer system. The peptide array synthesizer was built in a closed box, which contained optical and fluidic systems. The conditions for peptide synthesis were fully controlled by a computer program. For the peptide synthesis on a glass chip, 20 NVOC-protected amino acids were synthesized. The coupling efficiencies of two model peptide sequences were examined on ACA/APTS and PEG/CHI/GPTS chips. PEG/CHI/GPTS chip gave higher average stepwise yields of GIYWHHY (94%) and YIYGSFK (98%) than those of ACA/APTS chip. To quantify peptide−protein binding affinity, HPQ- or HPM-containing pentapeptides were synthesized on a PEG/CHI/GPTS chip and the binding event of Cy3 labeled-streptavidin was quantified. The peptide sequence of IQHPQ showed highest binding affinity with Cy3 labeled-streptavidin. The results demonstrated that the photolithographic peptide array synthesis method efficiently quantified the binding activities of protein-peptide interactions and it can be used for additional biological assay applications.</P><P>A maskless photolithography system for peptide array synthesis on a chip is presented.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jcchff/2010/jcchff.2010.12.issue-4/cc100009g/production/images/medium/cc-2010-00009g_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cc100009g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kook-Sik Shin,Young-man Yoon,Ha-Il Jung,Byung-Geun Hyun,Hyun-Joon Cho,Yeon-Kyu Sonn 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5
This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 4 livestock byproducts from livestock farm were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the byproducts applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 5 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of organic matter decompositions. The easily degradable factors (k1) ranged between 0.145 ~ 0.257 day<SUP>-1</SUP> and persistent degradable factors (k2) were 0.027 ~ 0.080 day<SUP>-1</SUP>. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater k1 values (0.257, 0.211 day<SUP>-1</SUP>) and smaller k2 values (0.027, 0.030 day<SUP>-1</SUP>) for dairy wastewater and forage byproduct, respectively.
The Estimation of Water Balance at Regional Upland According to RCP8.5 Scenario from 2011 to 2020
Shin, Kook-Sik,Cho, Hyun-Sook,Seong, Ki-Young,Park, Tae-Seon,Kang, Hang-Won,Seo, Myung-Chul 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.1
In order to evaluate water balance at upland according to RCP8.5 climate change scenario distributed by Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA), we simulated soil moisture using estimation model, called AFKAE0.5 for 66 sites from 2011 to 2020, and established the water balance maps. The amount of annual average precipitation by RCP8.5 scenario was highest in 2016 as recorded 2,062 mm and lowest in 2011 with 1,134 mm. As result of analysis for monthly precipitation and runoff, the amounts of precipitation and runoff have been especially intensive in July in 2014, 2016, 2019, and 2020. Overall, the area of Kyeongbuk and Gyeonggi was estimated more dried status of soil compared with precipitation. Except 2015 and 2020, soil water balance was recorded as negative value in other years which was calculated by subtracting output from input. The status of soil moisture was the most dry in 2020 among those in other years.