Pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on behavior of magneto-electro-elastic plate

Kondaiah, P.,Shankar, K.,Ganesan, N. Techno-Press 2013 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.2 No.1

Under thermal environment, Magneto-Electro-Elastic (MEE) material exhibits pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects which can be used for enhancing the performance of MEE sensors. Recently studies have been published on material constants such as pyroelectric constant and pyromagnetic constant for magneto-electro-thermo-elastic smart composite. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to study the pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on behavior of MEE plate under different boundary conditions subjected to uniform temperature. A numerical study is carried out using eight noded brick finite element under uniform temperature rise of 100 K. The study focused on the pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on system parameters like displacements, thermal stresses, electric potential, magnetic potential, electric displacements and magnetic flux densities. It is found that, there is a significant increase in electric potential due to the pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects. These effects are visible on electric and magnetic potentials when CFFC and FCFC boundary conditions are applied. Additionally, the pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects at free edge is dominant (nearly thrice the value in CFFC in comparison with FCFC) than at middle of the plate. This study is a significant contribution to sensor applications.

Studies on magneto-electro-elastic cantilever beam under thermal environment

Kondaiah, P.,Shankar, K.,Ganesan, N. Techno-Press 2012 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.1 No.2

A smart beam made of magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) material having piezoelectric phase and piezomagnetic phase, shows the coupling between magnetic, electric, thermal and mechanical under thermal environment. Product properties such as pyroelectric and pyromagnetic are generated in this MEE material under thermal environment. Recently studies have been published on the product properties (pyroelectric and pyromagnetic) for magneto-electro-thermo-elastic smart composite. Hence, the magneto-electro-elastic beam with different volume fractions, investigated under uniform temperature rise is the main aim of this paper, to study the influence of product properties on clamped-free boundary condition, using finite element procedures. The finite element beam is modeled using eight node 3D brick element with five nodal degrees of freedom viz. displacements in the x, y and z directions and electric and magnetic potentials. It is found that a significant increase in electric potential observed at volume fraction of $BaTiO_3$, $v_f$ = 0.2 due to pyroelectric effect. In-contrast, the displacements and stresses are not much affected.

Pyroeffects on Magneto-Electro-Elastic Sensor patch subjected to thermal load

P. Kondaiah,K. Shankar 국제구조공학회 2017 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.19 No.3

The magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) material under thermal environment exhibits pyroelectric and pyromagnetic coefficients resulting in pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects. The pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on the behavior of multiphase MEE sensors bonded on top surface of a mild steel beam under thermal environment is presented in this paper. The aim of the study is to find out how samples having different volume fractions of the multiphase MEE composite behave in sensor applications. This is studied at optimal location on the beam, where the maximum electric and magnetic potentials are induced due to pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects under clamped-free and clamped-clamped boundary conditions. The sensor which is bonded on the top surface of the beam is modeled using 8-node brick element. The MEE sensor bonded on mild steel beam is subjected to uniform temperature rise of 50K. It is assumed that beam and sensor is perfectly bonded to each other. The maximum pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on electric and magnetic potentials are observed when volume fraction is vf=0.2. The boundary conditions significantly influence the pyroelectric and pyromagnetic effects on electric and magnetic potentials.

Pyroeffects on magneto-electro-elastic sensor bonded on mild steel cylindrical shell

P. Kondaiah,K. Shankar,N. Ganesan 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.16 No.3

Magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials under thermal environment exhibits pyroelectric and pyromagnetic coefficients resulting in pyroeffects such as pyroelectric and pyromagnetic. The pyroeffects on the behavior of multiphase MEE sensor bonded on top surface of a mild steel cylindrical shell under thermal environment is presented in this paper. The study aims to investigate how samples having different volume fractions of the multiphase MEE sensor behave due to pyroeffects using semi-analytical finite element method. This is studied at an optimal location on a mild steel cylindrical shell, where the maximum electric and magnetic potentials are induced due to these pyroeffects under different boundary conditions. It is assumed that sensor and shell is perfectively bonded to each other. The maximum pyroeffects on electric and magnetic potentials are observed when volume fraction is vf = 0.2. Additionally, the boundary conditions significantly influence the pyroeffects on electric and magnetic potentials.

Studies on RF Magnetron Sputtered HfO2 Thin Films for Microelectronic Applications

P. Kondaiah,Habibuddin Shaik,G. Mohan Rao 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.4

We investigated the effect of oxygen flow rate during the reactive magnetron sputtering on the compositional, structural, optical and electrical properties of HfO2 films. We also studied the influence of annealing temperature on the structural and electrical properties of optimized HfO2 films of 25 to 30 nm thick. X-ray photoelectron study reveals that the films deposited at 15 SCCM of oxygen flow rate are stoichiometric and have an optical band gap of 5.86 eV. X-ray diffraction indicates that films without oxygen flow are amorphous, and beyond an oxygen flow rate of 5 SCCM exhibit polycrystalline monoclinic structure. At an annealing temperature of 600°C, tetragonal phase was observed besides the monoclinic phase. The dielectric constant of 11 and low leakage currents of 1 × 10−7 A/cm2 were achieved for the stoichiometric films. As-deposited films show significant frequency dispersion due to the presence of defect states at the HfO2/Si interface, and it reduces after annealing.

An Efficient Approach for Inter-Process Synchronization Problem

B. Srinuvasu Kumar,K. Kondaiah,L. Rohit,K. V. Sowmya,N. Sri Prakash 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.12

For efficient utilization of CPU and speed up the process done by CPU inter-process synchronization became most important feature in operating system. But no operating system will directly provide support for Inter-Process Synchronization. Inter-Process Synchronization means two or more processes accessing a shared resource and performing some operation at the same time, it also provides concurrent computing among processes. In such instance, data inconsistency may occur because of updating the same shared data item by two processes at the same time. This is the standard problem which occur in any operating system. To avoid such problems some of the synchronization primitives need to be followed. Many solutions have been provided to solve the standard problem such as Blocking Mechanisms, Non-Blocking Mechanisms etc. But those mechanisms are not able to provide an optimal solution. Our idea is to develop an agent which will run in background and automatically detects Inter Process Synchronization problem and solve it without any human intervention. In this paper we are going to provide an agent based solution and develop algorithms for that which ensures smoothly execution of multiple processes without any synchronization problems and increase the performance of the CPU.

Comparisons of Handling Practices of Culled Sheep Meat for Production of Mutton Curry

Mendiratta, S.K.,Kondaiah, N.,Anjaneyulu, A.S.R.,Sharma, B.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.5

In most developing countries consumers purchase retail cuts from hot carcasses and prepare traditional meat products as per their convenience and requirements. In this study, effects of different post mortem handling practices on quality of meat curry from culled sheep meat have been studied. After slaughter, leg cuts were subjected to nine commonly prevalent handling conditions in India viz. deboning (boning out) and cooking within 2-3 h (1), deboning immediately and cooking after 5-6 h (2), deboning after 5-6 h and cooking (3), deboning immediately, storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and cooking (4), chilling for 24 h at $4^{\circ}C$, deboning and cooking (5), deboning after 5-6 h, storage for 24 h at $4^{\circ}C$, and cooking (6), deboning after 5-6 h, storage for 48 h at 4??C and cooking (7), deboning after 5-6 h, freezing and cooking (8), deboning after 5-6 h, storage for 24 h at $4^{\circ}C$, freezing and cooking (9). Significant differences were observed in pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss and shear force values. Sensory scores were significantly higher in conditions (1), (5) and (9), and significantly lower in conditions (4) and (6). From the results, it was concluded that, to have the best quality product, meat should be cooked either immediately after slaughter or should be deboned just before cooking. Storage of deboned meat at refrigerated temperature must be avoided.

Synthesis of binary Cu-Se and In-Se nanoparticle inks using cherry blossom gum for CuInSe2 thin film solar cell applications

Babu Pejjai,Vasudeva Reddy Minnam Reddy,Kondaiah Seku,조해윤,Mohan Reddy Pallavolu,Trang Thi Thuy Le,정동섭,Tulasi Ramakrishna Reddy Kotte,박진호 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.12

Selenium (Se)-rich binary Cu-Se and In-Se nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a modified heat-up method at low temperature (110 oC) using the gum exudates from a cherry blossom tree. Coating of CISe absorber layer was carried out using Se-rich binary Cu-Se and In-Se NPs ink without the use of any external binder. Our results indicated that the gum used in the synthesis played beneficial roles such as reducing and capping agent. In addition, the gum also served as a natural binder in the coating of CISe absorber layer. The CISe absorber layer was integrated into the solar cell, which showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.37%. The possible reasons for low PCE of the present solar cells and the steps needed for further improvement of PCE were discussed. Although the obtained PCE is low, the present strategy opens a new path for the fabrication of eco-friendly CISe NPs solar cell by a relatively chief non-vacuum method.