초상화찬을 통해 본 조선후기 제갈량 초상 담론

김기완 ( Kim¸ Ki-wan ) 우리어문학회 2022 우리어문연구 Vol.72 No.-

제갈량 초상은 조선 문인의 거처 경영시 김시습 등 다른 인물의 초상과 함께 배치되는 등 초상의 전시 상황과 거처 주인의 의도에 따라 다양한 연계적 의미망을 만들어냈기에, ‘문학/회화/전시 공간 내지 맥락’이라는 의제 차원에서 향후 다루기 적합한 연구 대상이다. 또한 초상은 곧 그 인물을 의미하기에 숭모행위라든가 특정 가치 지향과 연계되었고, 제갈량 초상과 같이 특정 집단 내에서 애호될 때에는 상징적 의미를 띠는 아이콘의 기능까지 지니게 된다. 본고는 이러한 부분에 주목하는 일련의 향후 연구를 위한 선행 작업으로서, 우선 초상화찬을 통해 조선후기 제갈량 초상 담론의 일면을 살피는 작업을 진행하였다. 송시열의 <武侯畫像贊>은 17세기 제갈량 초상화찬의 성격과 언술 요소, 참조문헌들의 목록을 가장 명확하게 담고 있는 작품으로, 朱熹가 남긴 제갈량 초상관련 시문 및 자료들을 상당수 의식하면서 ‘주자’ 식의 의미화와 일종의 집대성을 시도한 작품이다. 송시열의 문인 조근의 사례를 통해서는 제갈량 초상 이미지를 둘러싼 갈등과 쟁투의 일면을 엿보고, 초상과 관련된 텍스트에서 제갈량에 대한 尊慕와 自處, 공경과 동일시를 둘러싸고 물밑에서 일종의 경쟁과 갈등이 일어나는 양상을 살펴보았다. ‘明之遺民’으로서의 자기인식 위에서 제갈량 초상을 매개로 對明義理와 북벌을 천명한 초상화찬으로는, 18세기 노론계 문인 안석경의 贊 작품이 대표적이다. 또한 근대기 이승희의 찬 사례는 주희 식의 제갈량 담론을 계승하면서도 제갈량의 능력과 자질을 송대 유학자들보다 한층 고평가하는 국난기의 양상을 보여주며, 동시에 노론 이외의 문인학자들이 남긴 제갈량 초상 담론의 계보, 또한 일제시대까지 이어지는 본 담론의 계승과 변주 양상에 대한 주목을 촉구한다. Zhuge Liang’s portrait was placed with other portraits such as Kim Si-seup when managing the residence of Joseon writers themselves, and a network of related meanings was created according to the owner’s(who had portrait of Zhuge Liang in his house) intentions. This paper explores one aspect of Zhuge Liang’s discourse toward portraits which had been related to symbolic Icon in the late Joseon period through portrait panegyrics. Song Si-yeol’s portrait panegyric toward Zhuge Liang is the most comprehensive work in 17th century, many narrative elements and references were directly came from Zhu Hui’s literature. In the case of Jo Keun, who was a literary man of Song Si-yeol, we can catch the political enmity throughout the image of Zhuge Liang and related texts. Based on Ahn Seok-kyung’s self-awareness as “Remains of Ming dynasty”, his portrait panegyric dealt with expedition toward North(Qing dynasty) in the 18th century. In addition, Lee Seung-hee’s portrait panegyric in modern times showed that succession and variation which was based on thought of confucian scholars in Song Dynasty at the same time, even in near Japanese colonial period.

A Numerical Study for Absolute Conductivity Reconstruction

Kiwan Jeon,Chang-Ock Lee 한국산업응용수학회 2011 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.6 No.2

THE ASYMMETRIC FORGIVENESS TOWARD BRAND STATUS (UNDERDOG VS. TOP-DOG) UPON BRAND CRISIS TYPES (RELATIONAL CRISIS VS. NON-RELATIONAL CRISIS)

Kiwan Park,Yaeri Kim,Seojin Stacey Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

This research was conducted in order to examine the effect of brand status and brand crisis types on consumers’ forgiveness intention. In this research, we proposed and found that the favorable attitude toward the underdog referred as underdog effect (Paharia, Keinan, Avery, & Schor, 2011) would be diluted especially in relational-related failure. When relationship efforts and perceived warmth of the brand are particularly critical, service failure caused by highly identified underdog brand can be perceived to be more serious (Vandello, Goldschmied, & Richards, 2007). Four of the studies consistently demonstrated our assumption in that people expressed less forgiveness intention on underdog brands when the crisis is in a service failure (vs. product failure): study1 and 2, service process failure (vs. service outcome failure): study 3, and human service process failure (vs. non-human service process failure): 4. Further, the mechanism underlying this negative effect toward the underdog was revealed as perceived anger. These findings can give insights to marketers that the types of crisis and the way of brand positioning are very critical to influence customer’s forgiveness intention.

Developing a Graduate EFL Program Based on Critical Theory and Pedagogy

Kiwan Sung(성기완) 한국외국어교육학회 2007 Foreign languages education Vol.14 No.3

Despite many innovative changes such as CLT and task-based teaching, ELT still continues to transmit linguistic skills mostly to prepare learners for future job market (Canagarajah, 1999; Kim, 2002; Norton & Toohey, 2004; Pennycook, 2001; Sung, 2006). Accordingly, in a way to challenge the status quo of decontextualized practices in EFL in Korea, this paper exemplifies the researcher"s emic experiences of realigning ELT to critical theory(CT) and pedagogy(CP) for an MA English program over the years. More specifically, after presenting existing literature on the history of ELT in Korea and CT and CP, this study utilized a research method of bricolage (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005) in which the teacher and student interviews, the student survey, and other relevant curricular and instructional materials were cross-compared and analyzed in the manner of triangulation. In doing so, this paper explains a few principles of developing an EFL graduate program for both domestic and international students. The results showed that exposing students to English-only environments and external faculty from abroad played key roles in the program. However, the lack of coherent administrative support and the high faculty turn-over rate posed constant threats to the enhancement of the program. Lastly, the paper calls for the urgent need of glocalizing curricular and instructional elements in TEFL for ‘critically conscious and conscientious’ practices by mobilizing the concept of "criticality" in EFL contexts.

THE ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS OF ATTITUDE TOWARD THE BRAND (SYMBOLIC vs. FUNCTIONAL) UPON RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE vs. HUMAN)

Kiwan Park,Yaeri Kim,Seojin Stacey Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

New product entails risk, causing resistance to adoption. The recommendation system may decrease the psychological risk by guiding decision making process to be more efficient (H?ubl and Trifts, 2000). AI (Artificial Intelligence) has been getting smarter and smarter and widely applied to the recommendation system. Even while you are browsing on your Facebook, AI recommends you the products that you may like based on the customized analysis of your interest. However, do people always love to adopt the smart recommends from AI? Definitely no! Then when and why people reluctantly accept AI recommendation? We assume that the product or service where the sense and feeling is important, people might be reluctant to accept the recommendation from artificial intelligence. This is because people might feel threatened when the AI challenges against human uniqueness (Gray and Wegner, 2012). Thus, in this study we investigated how the recommendation system types (AI vs. Human) affect brand attitude depending on the brand image (Symbolic vs. Functional). We found consumers are reluctant to accept a recommendation from AI in symbolic brand where human sense and feel are considered to be critical factors (Study1). This effect was further explained by uncanny-feeling toward the AI recommendation system (Study2). This research is meaningful in that it is the first attempt to apply the artificial intelligence recommendation concept to the marketing strategy by incorporating the concept of brand image. We predicted and found AI based recommendation system is reluctantly accepted for symbolic brand. Furthermore, we discovered the underlying process for this phenomenon as uncanny feeling. People seemed to have uncomfortable feelings against AI recommendation when the brand image is related to sense and feel considered as nature of human uniqueness. Thus, marketers should be very cautious when utilizing the AI recommendation system not to threaten human uniqueness area.

EFL Undergraduate and Graduate Learners’ Views on a Writing Intensive Online Subject Matter Course

Kiwan Sung 아시아영어교육학회 2021 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.18 No.2

This classroom-based qualitative case study is to illustrate how an English as a subject matter course is taught and examine 17 EFL undergraduate and post-graduate learners’ experiences in and views on their content learning as well as weekly activities in a 15 week-long online course. The participant engaged in doing weekly readings, listening to PPT-based lectures, writing thought papers (TPs) and revising them based on instructor and peer feedback, and joining weekly discussion activities. According to analyses of the data such as learners’ weekly writings, instructor and peer feedback, online discussion posts on an LMS, and an informal mid-term survey and final–self-evaluation, the students had various levels of positive experiences and difficulties due to course demands. Regarding disciplinary specific writing assignments, they valued instructor feedback and considered important focusing on logical flow and coherent organizational structure in addition to appropriate use of such linguistic elements as word choice, vocabulary and grammar. The results of this case study of embedding intensive writing in a disciplinary course shed important pedagogical insights on how to strike balance between teaching subject matter content and ‘writing to learn’ as well as ‘learning to write’.

Development of application scenarios for smart mobile walker by in-depth focus group interviews and clinical expert meetings

Kiwan Han,Jeongsu Lee,Won-Kyung Song 제어로봇시스템학회 2014 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Various robotic systems have been proposed for providing assistance in activities of daily living and support therapy. Our consortium simultaneously had developed an assistive robotic module, called a smart mobile walker, and its application scenarios on the basis of inputs obtained from candidate users and clinical experts during the entire robot development process. This paper presents the development of scenarios for examining the applicability of the robotic module in providing support for activities of daily living. Scenario construction is an essential process for embodying the target population, purpose, and performance of an assistive robotic system in its development process. To this end, in this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the feedback received during interviews of a focus group and clinical experts and consulted the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Finally, we developed eight scenarios for the smart mobile walker that were targeted at elderly people and stroke survivors.

Turbulent Magnetic Diffusivity β effect in a Magnetically Forced System

Kiwan Park,Myung-Ki Cheoun,Chang-Bae Kim 한국천문학회 2023 天文學會報 Vol.48 No.1

Underdog Positioning Can Backfire! The Effects of Corporate Transgressions on Brand Attitude toward Underdog versus Top-dog Brands

( Kiwan Park ),( Yaeri Kim ) 한국소비자학회 2014 한국소비자학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

Underdog brand positioning may not always work positively for all companies. The present research proposes and finds that the negative consequence of the underdog effect is more pronounced when autonomy-related ethical transgressions take place, as opposed to when the community-related ethical or functional transgressions are committed.

ALGEBRAIC CORRECTION FOR METAL ARTIFACT REDUCTION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

KIWAN JEON,SUNG-HO KANG,CHI YOUNG AHN,SUNGWHAN KIM 한국산업응용수학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.18 No.2

If there are metals located in the X-ray scanned object, a point outside the metals gas its range of projection angle at which projections passing through the point are disturbed by the metals. Roughly speaking, this implies that attenuation information at the point is missing in the blocked projection range. So conventional projection completion MAR algorithms to use the undisturbed projection data on the boundary of the metaltrace is less efficient in reconstructing the attenuation coefficient in detailed parts, in particular, near the metal region. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the algebraic correction technique (ACT) to utilize a prereconstructed interim image of the attenuation coefficient outside the metal region which is obtained by solving a linear system designed to reduce computational costs. The reconstructed interim image of the attenuation coefficient is used as prior information for MAR. Numerical simulations support that the proposed correction technique shows better performance than conventional inpainting techniques such as the total variation and the harmonic inpainting.