급수제한에 의한 성성숙 지연방법

Kirkland W M,Fullre H L 대한양계협회 1972 월간 양계 Vol.4 No.6

무제한 급수하면 저에너지 사료를 섭취하는 닭은 모자란 에너지의 보충을 위해 사료를 더 많이 섭취하여 에너지의 제한 효과가거의 없었고 제한급수하면 사료를 충분히 섭취할 수 없기 때문에 대조구의 약 70$\%$밖에 섭취못했다. 따라서 이것이 성성숙을 4$\~$4 1/2주 지연시킨 요인이었으며 체지방 축적도 감소시켰다. 성성숙 지연결과 성숙이 지연된 닭은 총 산란수가 훨씬 많고 비정상란의 수가 훨씬 적으며 대란율도 훨씬 높다. 육성중 폐사율은 더운 여름철에도 급수의 제한과 상관없었으며 산란중 폐사율은 오히려 성성숙시의 체중 혹은 체지방 축적과 정비례 했다. 이상으로 저에너지 사료를 급여하면서 급수제한(격일제 급수)하는 방법이 대추의 에너지 섭취를 제한시키는 간단하고 효과적인 방법임이 입증되었다.

Behaviour and design of composite beams subjected to flexure and axial load

Brendan Kirkland,Brian Uy 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.19 No.3

Composite steel-concrete beams are used frequently in situations where axial forces are introduced. Some examples include the use in cable-stayed bridges or inclined members in stadia and bridge approach spans. In these situations, the beam may be subjected to any combination of flexure and axial load. However, modern steel and composite construction codes currently do not address the effects of these combined actions. This study presents an analysis of composite beams subjected to combined loadings. An analytical model is developed based on a cross-sectional analysis method using a strategy of successive iterations. Results derived from the model show an excellent agreement with existing experimental results. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of axial load on the flexural strength of composite beams. The parametric study is then extended to a number of section sizes and employs various degrees of shear connection. Design models are proposed for estimating the flexural strength of an axially loaded member with full and partial shear connection.

Transmission electron microscopy without aberrations: Applications to materials science

Angus Kirkland,Lan-Yun Chang,Sarah Haigh,Crispin Hetherington 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4

Aberration correction leads to a substantial improvement in the directly interpretable resolution of transmission electron microscopes.Direct electron optical correction based on a hexapole corrector and indirect computational analysis of a focal or tilt series of imagesoer complementary approaches and a combination of the two provides additional advantages. This paper describes aberration cor-rected instrumentation installed in Oxford which is equipped with correctors for both the image-forming and probe-forming lenses.bining direct and indirect methods.

Making a Connection between Geography and Study Abroad Programmings - Location, Immersion, and Learning Outcomes

Katherine Rose Kirkland,Hyejin Yoon,지상현 국토지리학회 2012 국토지리학회지 Vol.46 No.3

There are few academic studies that focus on the importance of location in the study abroad program. This paper aims to make connections between the study abroad program and geography and provide appropriate frameworks for the study abroad program in geographical context. In order to explain the role of locations in the study abroad program, we critically examined existing frameworks based on sets of dichotomy, such as global-local, urban-rural and familiar-less familiar location. Even though dichotomies could serve as a base upon which to build a new, more appropriate framework, a dichotomous framework itself is not the best approach for further research. The dichotomous understanding of the study abroad destination has failed to accommodate locality, sense of place and networks among places that are pivotal in understanding a place in a global context. We found that location can in fact play a key role in an institution? study abroad programming and the level of immersion and learning outcomes. It is imperative to incorporate the insight of geography on the understanding of place and conduct more research for the success of study abroad programs. To examine the role of location and the strategy to tune the programs to study abroad destination, the programs of Alveno College are introduced and analyzed.

C-Sphere Strength-Size Scaling in a Bearing-Grade Silicon Nitride

Wereszczak, Andrew A.,Kirkland, Timothy P.,Jadaan, Osama M.,Strong, Kevin T.,Champoux, Gregory J. The Korean Ceramic Society 2008 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.45 No.9

A "C-sphere" specimen geometry was used to determine the failure strength distributions of a commercially-available bearing-grade silicon nitride ($Si_3N_4$) with ball diameters of 12.7 and 25.4 mm. Strengths for both diameters were determined using the combination of failure load, C-sphere geometry, and finite element analysis and fitted using two-parameter Weibull distributions. Effective areas of both diameters were estimated as a function of Weibull modulus and used to explore whether the strength distributions predictably scaled between each size. They did not. That statistical observation suggested that the same flaw type did not limit the strength of both ball diameters indicating a lack of material homogeneity between the two sizes. Optical fractography confirmed that. It showed there were two distinct strength-limiting flaw types common to both ball diameters, that one flaw type was always associated with lower strength specimens, and that a significantly higher fraction of the 25.4-mm-diameter C-sphere specimens failed from it. Predictable strength-size-scaling would therefore not result as a consequence of this because these flaw types were not homogenously distributed and sampled in both C-sphere geometries.

C-Sphere Strength-Size Scaling in a Bearing-Grade Silicon Nitride

Andrew A. Wereszczak,Timothy P. Kirkland,Osama M. Jadaan,Kevin T. Strong,Gregory J. Champoux 한국세라믹학회 2008 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.45 No.9

A “C-sphere” specimen geometry was used to determine the failure strength distributions of a commercially-available bearinggrade silicon nitride (Si3N4) with ball diameters of 12.7 and 25.4 mm. Strengths for both diameters were determined using the combination of failure load, C-sphere geometry, and finite element analysis and fitted using two-parameter Weibull distributions. Effective areas of both diameters were estimated as a function of Weibull modulus and used to explore whether the strength distributions predictably scaled between each size. They did not. That statistical observation suggested that the same flaw type did not limit the strength of both ball diameters indicating a lack of material homogeneity between the two sizes. Optical fractography confirmed that. It showed there were two distinct strength-limiting flaw types common to both ball diameters, that one flaw type was always associated with lower strength specimens, and that a significantly higher fraction of the 25.4-mm-diameter Csphere specimens failed from it. Predictable strength-size-scaling would therefore not result as a consequence of this because these flaw types were not homogenously distributed and sampled in both C-sphere geometries. A “C-sphere” specimen geometry was used to determine the failure strength distributions of a commercially-available bearinggrade silicon nitride (Si3N4) with ball diameters of 12.7 and 25.4 mm. Strengths for both diameters were determined using the combination of failure load, C-sphere geometry, and finite element analysis and fitted using two-parameter Weibull distributions. Effective areas of both diameters were estimated as a function of Weibull modulus and used to explore whether the strength distributions predictably scaled between each size. They did not. That statistical observation suggested that the same flaw type did not limit the strength of both ball diameters indicating a lack of material homogeneity between the two sizes. Optical fractography confirmed that. It showed there were two distinct strength-limiting flaw types common to both ball diameters, that one flaw type was always associated with lower strength specimens, and that a significantly higher fraction of the 25.4-mm-diameter Csphere specimens failed from it. Predictable strength-size-scaling would therefore not result as a consequence of this because these flaw types were not homogenously distributed and sampled in both C-sphere geometries.

A new ~3.46Ga asteroid impact ejecta unit at Marble Bar, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: A petrological, microprobe and laser ablation ICPMS study

Glikson, A.,Hickman, A.,Evans, N.J.,Kirkland, C.L.,Park, J.W.,Rapp, R.,Romano, S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., etc.] 2016 Precambrian research Vol.279 No.-

<P>The Archean rock record contains seventeen asteroid impact ejecta units that represent the terrestrial vestiges of an extended late heavy bombardment (LHB). Correlated impact ejecta units include 3472-3470 Ma impact spherule layers in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa, and the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, and several ejecta units dated between 3250 and 3220 Ma and between 2630 and 2480 Ma (Lowe and Byerly, 2010; Lowe et al., 2003, 2014). This paper reports the discovery and investigation of a new impact ejecta unit within the Marble Bar Chert Member (MBCM) of the felsic volcanic Duffer Formation, east Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. The age of the MBCM is constrained by a 3459 +/- 2 Ma U-Pb zircon date from the uppermost volcanic unit of the Duffer Formation and by a 3449 +/- 3 Ma U-Pb zircon date from the overlying felsic volcanic Panorama Formation, stratigraphically above the intervening un-dated Apex Basalt. The ejecta unit, observed in a drill core (ABDP 1) similar to 4 km south-southwest of Marble Bar, consists of multiple lenses and bands of almost totally silicified impact spherules 1-2 mm in diameter. All internal primary textures of the spherules have been destroyed. Nonetheless, Fe-rich spherule rims, largely composed of secondary siderite, are well preserved. Chemical analyses of the rims reveal iron-magnesium carbonate displaying high Fe, Mg, Ni, Co and Zn. Whole-rock and in-situ analyses (X-ray fluorescence, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS), electron-microprobe (EMP) and EMP-calibrated laser ICPMS) reveal that the rims contain high Ni abundances and high Ni/Cr ratios (<50). The spherules are separated by an arenite matrix and spherule lenses also occur within bedded chert. The spherules are particularly visible over some similar to 14 m of true stratigraphic thickness in which chert breccia is interpreted to represent a tsunami generated diamictite affected by hydrothermal fragmentation and veining. Despite the almost total silicification of the MBCM whole-rock analysis by NIS Fire Assay and ICPMS indicates high Ir (2 ppb) and a low Pd/Ir ratio (2.0), consistent with geochemical features of impact ejecta units. Dense concentrations of spherules at the 57-58 m level and the 77 m level of the core, separated by banded chert, raise the possibility of two distinct impact events. Stratigraphic and isotopic age data distinguish between the 3459 and 3449 Ma age of the MBCM ejecta unit and similar to 3470.1 +/- 1.9 Ma impact ejecta units in the Antarctic Creek Member, Mount Ada Basalt, about 40 km to the west of Marble Bar. In combination with a 3472 +/- 2.3 Ma impact unit in the Barberton greenstone belt, these impact ejecta units record large Paleoarchean asteroid impacts, significant for understanding early bombardment rates on Earth and early crustal evolution. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Atomic structure and dynamics of metal dopant pairs in graphene.

He, Zhengyu,He, Kuang,Robertson, Alex W,Kirkland, Angus I,Kim, Dongwook,Ihm, Jisoon,Yoon, Euijoon,Lee, Gun-Do,Warner, Jamie H American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.7

<P>We present an atomic resolution structural study of covalently bonded dopant pairs in the lattice of monolayer graphene. Two iron (Fe) metal atoms that are covalently bonded within the graphene lattice are observed and their interaction with each other is investigated. The two metal atom dopants can form small paired clusters of varied geometry within graphene vacancy defects. The two Fe atoms are created within a 10 nm diameter predefined location in graphene by manipulating a focused electron beam (80 kV) on the surface of graphene containing an intentionally deposited Fe precursor reservoir. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy at 80 kV has been used to investigate the atomic structure and real time dynamics of Fe dimers embedded in graphene vacancies. Four different stable structures have been observed; two variants of an Fe dimer in a graphene trivacancy, an Fe dimer embedded in two adjacent monovacancies and an Fe dimer trapped by a quadvacancy. According to spin-sensitive DFT calculations, these dimer structures all possess magnetic moments of either 2.00 or 4.00 μB. The dimer structures were found to evolve from an initial single Fe atom dopant trapped in a graphene vacancy.</P>

SAVORING THE PRODUCT: A LOOK AT THE IMPACT OF AI ON PRE AND POST PURCHASE SATISFACTION

Sharmin Attaran,Mohsen Attaran,Diane Kirkland 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2019 No.07

Stability and Dynamics of the Tetravacancy in Graphene

Robertson, Alex W.,Lee, Gun-Do,He, Kuang,Yoon, Euijoon,Kirkland, Angus I.,Warner, Jamie H. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.3

<P>The relative prevalence of various configurations of the tetravacancy defect in monolayer graphene has been examined using aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the two most common structures are extended linear defect structures, with the 3-fold symmetric Y-tetravacancy seldom imaged, in spite of this being a low energy state. Using density functional theory and tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations, we have determined that our TEM observations support a dynamic model of the tetravacancy under electron irradiation, with Stone–Wales bond rotations providing a mechanism for defect relaxation into lowest energy configurations. The most prevalent tetravacancy structures, while not necessarily having the lowest formation energy, are found to have a local energy minimum in the overall energy landscape for tetravacancies, explaining their relatively high occurrence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-3/nl500119p/production/images/medium/nl-2014-00119p_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl500119p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>