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Kim Sinae,Nguyen Tam T.,Taitt Afeisha S.,전현정,Park Ho-Young,Kim Sung-Han,Kim Yong-Gil,Song Eun Young,Lee Youngmin,Yum Hokee,Shin Kyeong-Cheol,Choi Yang Kyu,송창선,Yeom Su Cheong,Kim Byoungguk,Netea Mihai 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.6
Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (B.1.1.529) Omicron variant originated from South Africa in the middle of November 2021. SARS-CoV-2 is also called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Several studies already suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant would be the fastest transmissible variant compared to the previous 10 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, interest, and alert. Few clinical studies reported the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant but there is insufficient time to perform actual experiments to prove it, since the spread is so fast. We analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which revealed a very high rate of mutation at amino acid residues that interact with angiostatin-converting enzyme 2. The mutation rate of COVID-19 is faster than what we prepared vaccine program, antibody therapy, lockdown, and quarantine against COVID-19 so far. Thus, it is necessary to find better strategies to overcome the current crisis of COVID-19 pandemic.
Kim, Hyeong Seok,Jang, Jin-Young,Han, Youngmin,Lee, Kyoung Bun,Joo, Ijin,Lee, Doo-Ho,Kim, Jae Ri,Kim, Hongbeom,Kwon, Wooil,Kim, Sun-Whe The Korean Surgical Society 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.93 No.4
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Neoadjuvant treatment may provide improved survival outcomes for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant treatment and to identify prognostic factors.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Forty patients who met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network definition of BRPC and received neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery between 2007 and 2015 were evaluated. Prospectively collected clinicopathological outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mean age was 61.7 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.8:1. Twenty-six, 3, and 11 patients received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and FOLFIRINOX, respectively. The 2-year survival rate (2YSR) was 36.6% and the median overall survival (OS) was 20 months. Of the 40 patients, 34 patients underwent resection and the 2YSR was 41.2% while the 2YSR of patients who did not undergo resection was 16.7% (P = 0.011). The 2YSR was significantly higher in patients who had partial response compared to stable disease (60.6% <I>vs</I>. 24.3%, P = 0.038), in patients who did than did not show a CA 19-9 response after neoadjuvant treatment (40.5% <I>vs</I>. 0%, P = 0.039) and in patients who did than did not receive radiotherapy (50.8% <I>vs</I>. 25.3%, P = 0.036). Five patients had local recurrence and 17 patients had systemic recurrence with a median disease specific survival of 15 months.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Neoadjuvant treatment followed by resection is effective for BRPC. Pancreatectomy and neoadjuvant treatment response may affect survival. Effective systemic therapy is needed to improve long-term survival since systemic metastasis accounts for a high proportion of recurrence.</P>
2016 JELL Forum: A Roundtable “The Interface of Literature and Economy”
( Youngmin Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2017 영어 영문학 Vol.63 No.3
The world has entered into the age of universal economic crisis. In this second decade of the twenty-first century, the long shadow of economic downturn and instability looms over not only traditionally underdeveloped countries and regions, but the superpowers of global economy, such as the US, the EU, and China. At the time when economy is at once a global priority and the source of worldwide anxiety, fear, and uncertainty, and when economic crisis seems to accelerate the crisis of humanities and higher education, the ELLAK organizes an international forum to reconfigure the interface of literature and economy and redefine the social parameters of literary studies. The nexus between literature and economy has never been so dynamic and convoluted as it is today. The theme of the Roundtable was “The Interface of Literature and Economy.” The Chair of the session was Youngmin Kim, the Editor-in Chief of The Journal of English Language and Literature. 10 keynote speakers at the 2016 ELLAK Convention were invited to this roundtable on The Interface of Literature and Economy. The following transcription includes the dialogues of the seven discussants. Their dialogues, which were delivered orally in this roundtable before a large audience, were videotaped and transcribed, and the whole manuscripts were reviewed by the editor. Then, the editor has slightly edited the transcription to change the natural colloquial expressions into readable texts.
Characterization of the Vertical Position of the Trapped Charge in Charge-trap Flash Memory
Kim, Seunghyun,Kwon, Dae Woong,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Sang-Ku,Kim, Youngmin,Kim, Hyungmin,Kim, Young Goan,Cho, Seongjae,Park, Byung-Gook The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.2
In this paper, the characterization of the vertical position of trapped charges in the charge-trap flash (CTF) memory is performed in the novel CTF memory cell with gate-all-around structure using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. In the CTF memories, injected charges are not stored in the conductive poly-crystalline silicon layer in the trapping layer such as silicon nitride. Thus, a reliable technique for exactly locating the trapped charges is required for making up an accurate macro-models for CTF memory cells. When a programming operation is performed initially, the injected charges are trapped near the interface between tunneling oxide and trapping nitride layers. However, as the program voltage gets higher and a larger threshold voltage shift is resulted, additional charges are trapped near the blocking oxide interface. Intrinsic properties of nitride including trap density and effective capture cross-sectional area substantially affect the position of charge centroid. By exactly locating the charge centroid from the charge distribution in programmed cells under various operation conditions, the relation between charge centroid and program operation condition is closely investigated.
Kim, Hyeong Seok,Han, Youngmin,Kang, Jae Seung,Kim, Hongbeom,Kim, Jae Ri,Koon, Wooil,Kim, Sun‐,Whe,Jang, Jin‐,Young John WileySons Ltd 2018 Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences Vol.25 No.2
<P>ConclusionRobot PD is comparable to open PD in early outcomes. Robot PD is safe and feasible and enables early recovery; indication for robot PD is expected to expand in the near future.</P>
Kim, Tae Wu,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Choi, Jungkweon,Kim, Kyung Hwan,van Wilderen, Luuk J.,Guerin, Laurent,Kim, Youngmin,Jung, Yang Ouk,Yang, Cheolhee,Kim, Jeongho,Wulff, Michael,van Thor, Jasper J.,Ihee, Hyotch American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.6
<P>Photoreceptor proteins play crucial roles in receiving light stimuli that give rise to the responses required for biological function. However, structural characterization of conformational transition of the photoreceptors has been elusive in their native aqueous environment, even for a prototype photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein (PYP). We employ pump probe X-ray solution scattering to probe the structural changes that occur during the photocycle of PYP in a wide time range from 3.16 mu s to 300 ms. By the analysis of both kinetics and structures of the intermediates, the structural progression of the protein in the solution phase is vividly visualized. We identify four structurally distinct intermediates and their associated five time constants and reconstructed the molecular shapes of the four intermediates from time-independent, species-associated difference scattering curves. The constructed structures of the intermediates show the large conformational changes such as the protrusion of N-terminus, which is restricted in the crystalline phase due to the crystal contact and thus could not be clearly observed by X-ray crystallography. The protrusion of the N-terminus and the protein volume gradually increase with the progress of the photocycle and becomes maximal in the final intermediate, which is proposed to be the signaling state. The data not only reveal that a common kinetic mechanism is applicable to both the crystalline and the solution phases, but also provide direct evidence for how the sample environment influences structural dynamics and the reaction rates of the PYP photocycle.</P>