한국형 아나키즘과 아나키스트 사회이론

김영범(Kim, Yeong-Beom) 한국이론사회학회 2012 사회와 이론 Vol.21 No.2

오랫동안 사회학 또는 사회이론과 아나키즘은 먼 거리에 있어왔다. 그런데 1980년대 말에 사회학자 김성국이 시민사회론 시민운동의 급진화를 위한 이념적 대안의 하나로 아나키즘을 발견하고, 그것의 무한한 가능성에 점점 매료되어 아나키즘재흥의 이론적 기수로서 최선두에 섰다. 그리고 근래에는 탈근대적 사회인식론과 노자사상을 서구 근대의 아나키즘에 접목시킴에 의해 ‘탈근대 아나키스트 사회이론’ 범주를 구성하기에 이르렀다. 이점에 주목하여 이 글에서는 김성국의 아나키즘 입문에서 선택적 수용과 혁신적 재구성까지의 전반적 행보, 그것과 관련되는 담론적 실천의 궤적을 추적하여 살펴보고, 그 성과와 의의들도 추출하여 검토해보고 있다. ‘국가대 시민사회’의 구도로부터 출발했던 김성국의 이론적 사고는 평등보다 자유의 극대화로 지향되고 있었다. 그러나 자유주의의 한계는 극복되어야 했기에 그것과 아나키즘(특히 아나르코 코뮤니즘)과의 결합을 꾀하였고, 그로부터 자유해방주의 이념을 생성시켰다. 그리고 다시 그것에 터하여, 공동체주의의 일반적 한계를 넘어서는 자유공동체 사회론을 구축할 수 있었다. ‘사회적 생활양식 아나키즘’ 역시, 상반되는 경향의 두가지 아나키즘을 접합-양립시키는 의도적 잡종화의 산물로 제시되었다. 이러한 일련의 과정을 통하여 그는 서구 아나키즘의 단순 수용이 아닌, 창조적 재해석과 변용에 성공하였고, 그 결과는 ‘제4의길’로서의 김성국식/의 아나키즘제조였다. 아나키스트 김성국의 ‘창조적 파괴’ 정신은 한국의 유명 아나키스트들과 아나키즘 전통에 대한 통설을 전복시키는 독창적 해석과 평가로도 발휘되었다. 그것은 한국형 아나키즘의창출로 용진한다는 의미도 띠었다. 거기서 멈추지 않고 김성국은 탈근대적 사회인식과 동 서양 아나키즘의 논리를융합시킴에의해잡종화원리와최소화논리를기축으로하는새로운 이론 구성을 시도하였다. 그 성과는 일단 ‘탈권력 최소 국가론’으로 나타났다. 결국 김성국의 아나키즘 택용과 재구성의 궤적은 한국사회학의 자기 이론 만들기로 수렴되는 성질의 것이기도 했다. Sociology or social theory has been in far distance from anarchism with no encounter for a long time. And yet, at the end of 1980s, Kim Seung Kuk, a Korean sociologist, found that anarchism would become enough an ideological alternative promising a radicalization both of the civil society theory and of the civil movement, and was more and more fascinated with the indefinite possibility of anarchism. Such a finding and belief compelled him to stand thereafter in the forefront of theoretical flag-bearers for revival of anarchism. As a result of that positioning, he eventually came to make up the category of “postmodern anarchist social theory”, by grafting postmodern social epistemology and the Laoism on the modern type of western anarchism. Taking notice of this point, the author in this paper traces and investigates the overall path from Kim’s entrance into anarchism to innovative reconstruction via selective acceptance of it, as well as the trajectory of the related discursive practices. In addition, he tries to extract and examine the achievements and significances of those steps. Kim’s thought which had started from the theoretical scheme of “civil society against state” was being oriented to the maximization of individual liberty rather than of social equality. However, he attempted to combine liberalism and anarchism(especially, anarcho-communism) on the purpose of overcoming the limits of the former, which gave birth to the idea of libertarianism. On the basis of that idea, he could construct the theory of “libertarian communal society” which might get over the general limits of communitarianism. Also the “social lifestyle anarchism” was presented by him as a product of hybridization intended to an articulative compatibility of the two anarchisms of contrary tendencies. Through such a chain of processes, he succeeded not in simple acceptance but in creative reinterpretation and transformation of anarchism, which resulted in making of Kim Seung Kuk’s, or his style of, anarchism, sufficient to be called “the fourth way”. The anarchist Kim Seung Kuk’s spirit of “creative destruction” was throughly displayed also by unique interpretation and evaluation, equivalent to overturning of the common view, of some of the late Korean anarchists and that tradition. At the same time, this work also carried a meaning of advancing bravely to a creation of a Korean model of anarchism. Without stopping there, Kim attempted to construct a new social theory pivoted both on the principle of hybridization and on the logic of minimization, by fusing the postmodernist social cognition with the East and West anarchist logic, the outcome of which was realized as the theory of post-power minimal state. After all, we can say that the trajectory of Kim’s adoption and reconstruction of anarchism was a sort of making of own theory of the Korean sociology.

의열단 창립단원 문제와 제1차 국내거사기획의 실패 전말

김영범(Kim, Yeong-beom) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2017 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.58

이 글은 의열단의 창단 후 첫 기획인 국내 일제기관 투탄거사가 거단적으로 추진되었으나 끝내 결행되지 못하고 만 경위를 세세히 추적·천착해본 작업의 결과물이다. 우선은 그 추진과정 참여자의 범위와 각인의 역할 및 신원을 재확인하고 판별해가던 중에 창립단원의 명단과 인원이 『약산과 의열단』에서 비롯된 통설과 다를 수 있음을 발견하였다. 그래서 다수의 1·2차 자료를 참조하며 재검토해봄에 의해 종래의 ‘13인’ 설 명단 속의 3인(배동선·한봉인·권준)은 창립단원일 수 없었음과 나머지 10인만 해당됨을 논증하고 부수적 의문점들도 해결하였다. 또한 초대 단장(‘의백’)은 우여곡절 끝에 황상규가 아닌 김원봉이 맡는 것으로 낙착되었음을 해명하여, 저간의 일부 인식혼란을 불식하면서 통설을 확정지었다. 의열단의 제1차 국내거사 추진과정과 그 결말을 세부사실들의 순차적 배치와 새 자료의 활용에 의해 재구성하고 숙고해봄으로써 도출되는 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 밀반입 무기의 보관책임자이던 이일몽(이수택)의 이상행동―매번 이유를 바꿔가며 끝끝내 폭탄을 내주지 않은―이 거사결행에 거듭 제동을 걸어 결국 미수에 그치고 말게 하였다. 둘째, 밀입국 단원들의 연속피검이 일부 단원의 부탁을 받은 김진규·안태익의 밀고에 의한 것이었다는 수사책임자 김태석의 반민특위 진술은 일견 그럴듯해 보이지만 분석해보면 허점이 많고 진상은폐와 독립운동 모독의 의도를 내장시킨 허위진술이었던 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 김태석이 폭탄 전부 압수와 거사저지 목적의 공작을 벌여가는 데 구영필이 동원되어 적극 협력했고 이일몽도 끌어들여져 보조했다. 나아가 구영필이나 그 휘하 그룹의 누군가가 거사계획 자체를 진즉 밀고했을 가능성이 부분적으로 짚어지면서 앞으로 더 추급하고 해명해야 할 문제들이 새롭게 떠오른다. This paper is the result of inquiry into the details of the case that the Eui’yoldan’s undertaking of bombing the domestic colonial institutions as the first-time action project immediately after its founding completely failed at the end in spite of propelling on an entirely organizational scale. The author demonstrates in the first place that three persons(Bae Dong-seon, Han Bong-in and Kwon Jun) among the hitherto name-list of 13 founders of Eui’yoldan must not have really been the founding members, and that only the rest 10 could have been included in the list, and goes ahead to solve the collateral questions. That demonstration and solution was possible by referring to and reexamining many of the first and second source of materials, and through reaffirming and distinguishing the boundary of the participants in the propelling process along with everyone’s role and identity. Main points found and confirmed by arranging the detailed facts one by one along to the time sequence and by reconstructing the entire process of the undertaking propelling and its unexpected results are as follows. Firstly, there were certainly curious acts by Lee Il-mong and Bae Joong-se of refusing stubbornly to hand over the bombs under custody and keeping to action group, with reasons changed each time, which consequently put on the brakes the final step and made it not to be accomplished. Secondly, Kim Tae-seok’s statement at the Special Committee for the Persecution of the Anti-national Actors in 1949 that the successive arrest of the founding members of Eui’yoldan in 1920 had been due to a secret information by Kim Jin-kyu and Ahn Tae-ick was, in author’s judgement, untrue one which had several loopholes although sounding plausible and involved some intention of concealing the truth of the incident, furthermore defaming the national independence movement. Thirdly and finally, Goo Yeong-Pil was mobilized by Kim Tae-seok and he collaborated actively for the latter’s operation for the purpose of both seizing all the bombs and impeding the undertaking, and Lee Il-mong was also drawn into it and helped. There remains some additional questions which must be followed up and explicated.

소각 비산재의 적정처리를 위한 기초연구(Ⅱ) : 용출인자의 영향;Effect of Leaching Parameter

김진범,이우근,심영주 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2000 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구는 소각 비산재의 물리·화학적 특성이 중금속의 용출 거동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 영향인자로는 비산재의 pH, CEC, 입자크기, 연속추출방법에 의해 분류된 중금속의 존재형태 중에서 exchangeable fraction을 고려하였다. KSLT법에 의한 중금속의 용출율은 pH에 크게 의존적이고 원소에 따라 차이를 보였다. 카드뮴과 구리의 용출율은 pH가 증가함에 따라 감소한 반면, 납과 아연은 중성 또는 강알칼리성 조건에서 증가하는 것으로 나타났는데 중금속의 용출 거동이 용해도에 의해 제한됨을 나타내 준다. CEC가 중금속의 용출율에 미치는 영향은 pH와 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 비산재의 입자크기 중에서 D_(10)은 KSLT법에 의한 중금속의 용출량과 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. Exchangeable fraction의 경우는 비산재의 CEC 값이 40 meq/100g 미만인 시료는 선형관계에 있지만, 그 외의 CEC 값에서는 비선형관계를 보여주었다. Our study was performed to evaluate the effect of leaching parameters including the physicochemical characteristics and the fractionated composition of heavy metals on the release of heavy metals in fly ash discharged from MSWI. Leaching parameters such as pH, CEC, particle size, and exchangeable fraction among the fractional composition classified by sequential extraction procedure are considered. The leaching rate of heavy metal released by KSLT method is largely dependent on the pH of fly ash. The effect of pH on the release of heavy metals is different from elements. It appears that the leaching rate of cadmium and copper decreases with increasing pH, While lead and zinc increases at the condition of neutral or strong alkali condition, which suggests that the leaching of heavy metals are limited by the solubility. It is found that the effect of CEC is similarly to that of pH. D_(10) among the particle size of fly ash is negative correlated with the concentration of heavy metals leached by KSLT method. In the case of exchangeable fraction, the leaching rate of heavy metals is linearly correlated with the exchangeable fraction for the fly ash below 40 meq/100g of CEC, but not related out of the range.

國民學校體育敎育實態에 관한 調査硏究 : -慶南道內 女敎師를 中心으로- -focusing on women teachers in Gyung-nam Province-

金榮範 진주교육대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual state of physical education of the women- teachers in primary school, on the active list in Kyung-nam province and to draw up a plan to solve the essential points at issue as well as to improve school physical education. And discussions in this study call be summarized as follows. 1) Summary (1) The Actual State of the Present Physical Education Curriculum. This thesis avows the following: Of the seven domainsin the physical education curriculum, the majority of teachers tend to put to practical use basic exercise most frequently: in turn, a ball game, athletics a dance, health, heavy gymnastics, season sports, folk sports, but they also tend to evade a heave gymnastics, swimming and folk spores because of the lack of teachers' function and the danger of some safety accidents. And to make matters worse, most of schools tend to neglect and cut physical education clesses owing to the regular annual events. (2) The Actual State of the Primary School Teachers, Physical Education Teaching. This thesis shows the following: 27 per-cent of all the Primary-teachers teach their pupils under no pre-study and prepare teaching plan formally, and what is worse, 11.03 per-cent of them give lessons to their students without any teaching material or plan; 51.33 per-cent of theft let a few model students set some examples to cultivate physical practical arcs for all the students: During a special monthly leave for women-teachers, 25.86 per-cent of them are forced to be replaced by other teachers and 26.62 per-cent of them are supposed to stay away from their· teaching: 9.13 per-cent of all women-teachers give their lessons undressed in sports clothes in class, but the greater part of the teachers (38.02%) tend to give their lessens dressed in their everyday dresses. This research also indicates that 55.13 per-cent of all woman-teachers are of less interesting and less confident for physical education than other subjects. This results from not only the lack of their functions and facilities, but sunbeams, noises, field classes. (3) The Actual State of Evaluation of Physical Education. This thesis shows the following: Moat of Primary teachers generally evaluate the students' knowledge in intelectual, sentimental domains, and they think that evaluating the students' ability is verb difficult (47.53%), and most of them (67.4%) give the subjective tests. 2) Proposals I drive the following proposals the research on the actual states intended for the women teachers of Primary schools. (1) We should provide them with physical educational programs and models and try to raise their morale as women teachers in primary schools go larger every year. (2) We should recognize anew the importance of physical education and establish coaching systems wich can raise children's desire of exercise and have good influence on children's physical development. (3) We should give financial and for physical facilities and the expansion of physical appliances and first of all we should try to expand the school playground. (4) In evaluation, we should make standards by grades and extents. (5) We should bring up women-teachers who assume full charge of physical education for middle and higher grades of elemently schools. (6) We schould reinforce the study of the leader of physical education under the supervision of headmaster, the office of education and the local board of education (7) We should secure excellent physical teachers teachers through athletic meetings intended for primary men and women teachers (8) We should reguarly select excellent physical training classes and give official commendations, and try to improve the quality of the physical education

중학교에서의 골프수업에 대한 인식과 가능성 탐색 : 하나로 수업 모형을 통하여

김낭규,김영범 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2016 교과교육학연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 ‘학생들이 골프 수업을 통해 어떤 인식을 하는가?’를 파악하여 중학교에서 골프 수업의 가능성을 탐색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 참여자는 중학교 1학년 남학생 8명(운동수행능력 우수학생 4명, 운동수행능력 저조학생 4명)으로 선정하였다. 설문지, 심층면담, 체육노트와 참여관찰을 통한 질적 자료수집 방법으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 귀납적 범주분석에 의해 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업방법적인 측면에 대한 학생들의 반응으로 각각의 터에서 골프에 대한 인식정도가 다양하였다. 배움터에서는 ‘어렵지만 도전하고 싶은 종목’으로, 하기터에서는 ‘어렵지만 재미있는 종목’으로, 쓰기터에서는 ‘복잡하지만 기대되는 종목’으로 인식하였다. 둘째, 수업 초·중반까지는 모든 학생들이 골프 수업에 관심과 흥미를 가지고 참여하였다. 수업 초·중반까지는 기능적인 어려움과 학습경험에 대한 부족함을 인지하지 못한 단계로 인해 ‘골프는 모두의 스포츠!’로 인식하였다. 하지만 골프 수업이 후반으로 갈수록 운동 수행능력의 차이에 따라 다르게 인식하였다. 운동 수행능력이 우수한 학생들은 정적이고 변화 없는 골프 수업의 운영에 대하여 소극적인 자세와 부정적인 태도를 보이는 비참여적인 모습을 보였다. 즉, 기능의 향상에 대한 학습경험의 기회를 제공받지 못함으로써 과제에 대한 지속적인 참여가 부정적으로 나타났다. 운동 수행능력이 저조한 학생들은 기존의 체육수업과는 다른 수업 방법과 교사의 긍정적인 상호작용과 관심으로 인해 과제에 대한 지속성이 유지된 것이다. The purpose of this study is to inquire the feasibility of golf class in the middle school by grasping 'how the students perceive the golf class?' The research participants in this study were 8 second grade male students of middle school(4 students with excellent exercise performance and 4 students with low exercise performance). This study employed qualitative data collection procedure such as a questionnaire, in-depth interviews, physical activity notebooks, and participant observation. The data were analyzed via the inductive categorical system. The result of this research may be summed up as follows. First, Students recognized golf as a 'difficult but rewarding sport' in learning, a ‘difficult but interesting sport’ in doing, and a ‘complicated but promising sport’ in writing. Second, all the students participated in the golf class with attention and interest from the start of class to the middle. They recognized golf as a sport for everyone. Students did not notice functional difficulties and insufficient learning until the middle of the class. However, they perceived it differently depending on their exercise performance ability as the golf class progressed into the latter stage. Students with the excellent exercise performance ability showed passive and negative attitude against golf class implementation. They were disinterested in the monotonous repetitions of the golf swing. The result of repetition revealed negative aspect of golf class. The reason for the negative result is lack of opportunity to learn golf at a deeper level. On the other hand students with low exercise performance ability could join the class willingly thanks to the teaching methods different from the existing physical education class and teachers’ positive feedback.

運動負荷에 따른 一般 尿成分과 尿蛋白質의 變化

金榮範 진주교육대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.28 No.1

To investigate the degrees of strength in exercises and changes of general components and proteins in urine of players depending on 2000 meters running and traditional Korean wrestling, pH, proteins, glucose, urobilinogen and blood in urine of subjects before and after exorcises were analyzed and proteins in urine were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic method. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In the analyses of pH, proteins and blood in urine of subjects before and after exercises, 2000 meters running and traditional Korean wrestling were found to be exercises of great strength. 2. Urine of the subjects contained much quantity of proteins as the strength of exercises went higher. Especially, a quantity and species of proteins in urine after exercises were different according to kinds of exercise, training and individual.

콩에서 발생하는 강낭콩일반모자이크바이러스(BCMV)와 땅콩위축바이러스(PSV)의 저항성 평가

이영훈, 윤영남, 강범규, 김현영, 최만수, 구성철, 김현태, 윤홍태, 이수헌, 백인열 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

It has been reported several viral diseases in soybean. The occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus and Peanut stunt virus are able to induce severe problem because the main breeding target for viral disease was focused on Soybean mosaic virus. BCMV is a spcies of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae. BCMV reduces yield by as much as 80% and also adversely affects seed quality in common bean. BCMV has a worldwide distribution because of its high rates 35% of transmission via seeds produced by plants systemically infected prior to bloom. PSV is a species of the genus Cucumovirus of the family Bromoviridae. PSV has been reported to be economically damaging on beans worldwide. Although the virus is reportedly seed transmissible at very low rates, infected plants rarely produce pods with normal viable seeds. The most satisfactory management method of viral diseases such as BCMV and PSV is the use of resistant cultivars and healthy seed. For the overcome of genetic resistance by new virus such as BCMV and PSV, virus diseases monitoring and researches need to study deeply and continually. In this study, we conducted the resistance screen on BCMV and PSV for selection of resistance cultivars. We inoculated on 128 cultivars with PSV and BCMV respectively. These cultivars were classified through pathogenic response such as resistance, necrosis and susceptibility. In addition, 99 and 66 resistant cultivars were confirmed against PSV and BCMV respectively.

靑少年體操의 運動强度에 관한 硏究

金榮範 진주교육대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

To investigate the strength of Youth Gymnastics fifteen men and women of college were chosen as the subjects and their heart Rates or rest, exercise, and after exercise were measured. The results of comparing and analyzing the strength of each male and female group Heart Rates maximum were obtained as follows : 1. Heart Rates had a sudden rising one minute after exercise, and then they had a slow rising. Heart rates slowed down in the trunk exercise of the first and secound turn and rised highest in jumping and the whole body exorcise. 2. The whole body exercise showed the greatest change of heart Rates, 1343±10.0 beats/min for male and 160.7±7.12 beats/min for female. The mean of the male heart rates was 122.7±7.56beats/min, and the strength of the male attained to the 61.35% of HR max. The mean of the female heart rates was 147.71土7.54 beats/min and the strength of the female attained to the 73.86% of HR max. 3. Youth Gymnastics is expected to have an effect on the training for women, not for men. But it is considered to be a suitable strength for men's warming-up. 4. After exercise, men showed the 85.13% of recovery and women showed the 74.36% of recovery. Thus men had the greater recovery than women. 5. To strengthen the heart capability the strength of exercise should he raised as increasing the number of the repetitional exercise such as jogging which has included the aerobic factors.

불량행위 청소년의 가족 폭행에 관한 사회 정신의학적 고찰(Ⅳ)

박범룡,류영호,조동환,김정기 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적: 이 연구는 청소년의 가족 폭행에 대하여 조사하고 가족폭행의 관점에서 불량행위 청소년의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법: 저자들은 불량행위 청소년 238명, 범죄 청소년 209명, 그리고 부산시대 고등학교 학생 230명을 대상으로 설문지, 다면적 인성 검사(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), 그리고 한국판 부모-자녀 결합도 검사(Parental Bonding Instrument0 등의 도구를 사용하여 조사하였고, 그것으로 세집단을 Chi-square test, T-test, 그리고 ANOVA를 사용하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 대개의 경우 불량행위 청소년의 사회경제적인 상태가 학생군보다 더 불량하였고, 범죄군보다는 더 양호하였다.(p<.05) 일반적으로 폭행가해자들은 손위형제였고, 신체적으로도 피해자보다 더 강했고, 형제간의 우애는 좋지 않았다. 학생군과 비교할 때 존속에 대한 폭행을 포함한 폭행의 심각성은 불량행위 청소년과 범죄 청소년에서 존재하고 있었다. 다면적 인성검사와 부모-자녀 결합도 검사의 결과, 가족폭행군과 비폭행군을 비교할 때, 불량행위 청소년군의 경우에는 Sc척도와 Passive aggresive index에서 학생군의 경우에는 아버지 과보호에서 의미있는 차이를 보였지만 그외의 척도에서는 의미있는 차이를 찾을 수가 없었다. 결 론: 일반적으로 가족폭행의 특성으로도 기존의 사회 정신의학적 고찰의 결과와 같이 불량행위 청소년군이 학생군과 범죄청소년군의 중간특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 가족 폭행 문제의 심화를 막기 위하여 이 집단에 대한 적절한 개입이 필요할 것으로 생각되어진다. Objectives : This research was performed to identify family violence by male adolescents, and to examine the characteristics of male adolescent delinquents in terms of domestic violence. Methods : We surveyed 677 male adolescents including 238 delinquents from BBS(Big brothers and sisters) in Pusan, 209 criminal adolescents from adolescent correctional institution in Pusan, 230 high school students through questionnaire, MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), and PBI(Parental Bonding Instrument), and then compared these three groups by Chi-square test, T-test, and Anova. Results : In most cases, male delinquent adolescents were placed in poorer socio-economic conditions than those of students, but in better socio-economic conditions than those of criminal adolescents. In general, the assaulters were senior family members, physically stronger than sufferers, and have bad brotherliness. Compared with normal students, the serious problem of violence including violence to the ancestors in delinquent and criminal adolescents. On results of MMPI and PBI test, there were significant difference between violent group and non-violent group on the Sc score and Passive aggressive index in adolescent delinquents and parental overprotection in normal students. Conclusion : Generally the characteristics of family violence by male delinquent adolescents were intermediate between those of criminal adolescent and students, these results were same as those of previous socio-psychiatric study, and so the intervention in criminal adolescents is needed for the prevention of family violence.

成長發達에 따른 身體運動의 段階的 指導에 관한 小考

全允秀,金榮範 대구효성 가톨릭 대학교 1990 연구논문집 Vol.40 No.1

When physical exercise teaching according to the developmental step of infants and children was considered, the results were as follows. 1. The development of exercise skill has been promoted in infancy and childhood, and they have hereditary, physical, psychological factors affecting their growth. 2. Rhythmical exercises requiring no endurance and repeating rest and game are suitable to the infants who have not differentiated yet. 3. Children who have become more flexible and well developed in the whole body should be taught to extend exercise skill through higher strength and to stimulate interests in sports. 4. Adolescens who are able to play sports needing the various and refined balanced skills should be taught to develop learners' characters, to accomplish balanced growth, and to take more interests in sports. 5. Facilitie, teaching method, and various sports program with the organizational, planned, professional thought and chance should be provided.