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Biogranules applied in environmental engineering
Milferstedt, Kim,Hamelin, Jé,rô,me,Park, Chul,Jung, Jinyoung,Hwang, Yuhoon,Cho, Si-Kyung,Jung, Kyung-Won,Kim, Dong-Hoon Elsevier 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY - Vol.42 No.45
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The efficiency of wastewater treatment with renewable energy generation has been greatly improved with the development of biogranules. In this review article, various types of biogranules (methanogenic, hydrogenic, aerobic, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and oxygenic photogranules) applied in environmental engineering are introduced along with their history, theories on how they are formed, physico-chemical and morphological characteristics, and the effects on enhanced performance. Although each individual granule has its own characteristics, there might be something in common that the formation is related with high production of extracellular polymeric substances, and they all have high hydrophobicity, settling velocity, and density. To our knowledge, this is the first review article dealing with various types of biogranules. The information given herein will provide a chance for a deep understanding on biogranules in both fundamental research and engineering point of views.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CH<SUB>4</SUB>- and H<SUB>2</SUB>-producing, aerobic, anammox, and oxygenic photogranules are introduced. </LI> <LI> History, formation theory, and characteristics of each granule was explained. </LI> <LI> Compared to flocculated sludge, granule system showed much higher performance. </LI> <LI> The future research area for individual granule was addressed. </LI> </UL> </P>