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Communication Network and Regional Economic Development
TORU KIKUCHI 한국경제연구학회 2004 Korea and the World Economy Vol.5 No.1
Recently Korea showed the signs of a strong economy with sophisticated communications networks (e.g., broadband network services, wireless telecommunications networks): a growing connectivity across regions through networks becomes a crucial factor in determining the performance of the Korean economy. This study develops a multi-region model that captures the role of communications networks in enhancing interregional trade in intermediate business services. A link between the adoption of communications networks and improved regional performance is explored. The paper also examines the relationship between interregional trade in business services and international trade in goods.
Competing Industrial Standards and the Impact of Trade Liberalization
Toru Kikuchi,KAZUMICHI IWASA 한국국제경제학회 2011 International Economic Journal Vol.25 No.2
The main purpose of this study is to illustrate, with simple trade theory, the relationship between competing industrial standards and trade liberalization. We assume that there are two competing industrial standards in an international context, each of which applies to a group of differentiated products. A product can be used only in combination with other products based on the same industrial standard. We examine the impact of trade liberalization (i.e., a decline in trade costs) on consumers’ choice of a standard. It will be shown that the degree of indirect network effects, captured with substitution between differentiated products, plays an important role as a determinant of the impact of trade liberalization.
Competing Communications Networks and International Trade
( Toru Kikuchi ),( Marcelo Fukushima ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.1
This paper investigates the effects of competing communication networks on trade patterns in a Chamberlinian-Ricardian model of monopolistically competitive firms with a continuum of industries that require communication services in production. We conclude that intraindustry trade between different networks is determined by the relative size of networks and technological differences, and that a network will not have an incentive to expand indefinitely, despite network externalities.
Kikuchi Toru,Lee Keehyuck,Hwang Hee 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.6
As information communication technology (ICT) has advanced, the healthcare industry has embraced it to reduce medical costs, improve health outcomes, and increase patient satisfaction. Healthcare ICT revolutionizes pediatric healthcare. This study aimed to categorize and synthesize findings from the literature regarding the application of ICT in pediatric patients. This systematic review is based on a comprehensive search of Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Study selection and coding were performed independently by 2 researchers, followed by narrative categorization. To reflect current trends in ICT for pediatrics, we adopted the Hype cycle technology classification developed by the advisory and information technology firm, Gartner, and the classification of digital health interventions by the World Health Organization. This study included a total of 135 studies. The analysis revealed 7 main types of ICT for pediatrics: (1) telehealth (39 papers), (2) precision medicine (2 papers), (3) automated decision support systems (17 papers), (4) electronic health records (7 papers), (5) patient portals (7 papers), (6) artificial intelligence (AI) (39 papers), and (7) mobile and wearable technologies (20 papers). In particular, we consistently found references to ICT for pediatrics as well as changing and improving healthcare for children. Further studies are required to determine how we can improve ICT productivity for pediatrics, particularly through AI. This study’s results will help healthcare delivery organizations and technology companies consider the future direction of pediatric healthcare.
Kikuchi Toru 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.6
Blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents is associated with their growth. BP is most strongly associated with height during height gain and with degree of obesity after reaching final height. BP in childhood and adolescence is correlated with BP in adulthood. The pathophysiology of pediatric essential hypertension is associated with obesity, excess salt intake, and a low birth weight. The common causes of pediatric secondary hypertension are renal parenchymal and renovascular diseases. The significance of diagnosing pediatric hypertension involves detecting secondary hypertension and preventing organ damage due to hypertension as well as tracking essential hypertension in adulthood. Appropriate BP measurement procedures are required for diagnosing pediatric hypertension. The inflatable bladder of an appropriately sized cuff should exceed 40% of the arm circumference. BP measurements should be performed consecutively at least 3 times using an appropriately sized cuff. The diagnosis of hypertension requires that all BP values measured on 3 or more occasions be above the reference value. The criteria for pediatric hypertension are determined based on the distribution of BP in healthy children and adolescents, with values above the 95th percentile of normal representing hypertension. Japanese criteria define pediatric hypertension as ≥120/70 mmHg for preschool children, ≥130/80 mmHg for 1st–3rd graders, ≥135/80 mmHg for 4th–6th graders, ≥140/85 mmHg for 7th–9th grade boys, ≥135/80 mmHg for 7th–9th grade girls, and ≥140/85 mmHg for senior high school boys and girls. The prevalence of Japanese pediatric hypertension was 0.9% based on proper measurement protocols. The basis of managing pediatric essential hypertension is healthy lifestyle modifications. Pharmacotherapy is indicated for persistent hypertension, symptomatic hypertension, secondary hypertension, the development of target organ damage, the presence of chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. Screening for pediatric hypertension is important; therefore, BP should be routinely measured in children and adolescents.
Expansion of Network Integrations: Two Scenarios, Trade Patterns, and Welfare
( Toru Kikuchi ),( Noritsugu Nakanishi ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2005 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.20 No.4
We present two different scenarios of expanding the communication networks (through which the intermediate business services are traded) and examine their consequences on trade patterns in goods and welfare of the countries. The first scenario is the “successive expansion” of a single network integration and the second one is the “parallel expansion” of plural network integrations. We show that the former can have harmful effects on the outside countries, while the latter can be “Pareto-improving” in each stage of the network expansion.
Design of Seismic Isolated Tall Building with High Aspect-Ratio
Kikuchi, Takeshi,Takeuchi, Toru,Fujimori, Satoru,Wada, Akira Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2014 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.3 No.1
When seismic isolation system is applied to high aspect-ratio (height/wide-ratio) steel structures, there are several problems to be taken into consideration. One is lifting up tensile force on the isolation bearing by overturning moment caused by earthquake. Another is securing building stiffness to produce seismic isolation effects. Under these conditions, this paper reports the structural design of high-rise research building in the campus of Tokyo Institute of Technology. With the stepping-up system for the corner bearings, the narrow sides of single span framework are designed to concentrate the dead load as counter-weight for the tensile reaction under earthquake. Also we adopted concrete in-filled steel column and Mega-Bracing system covering four layers on north & south framework to secure the horizontal stiffness of the building.
A Simple Model of Trade with Heterogeneous Firms and Trade Policy
Marcelo Fukushima,Toru Kikuchi 한양대학교 경제연구소 2009 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.14 No.1
We build a Chamberlinian-Ricardian two-country-two-sector model with heterogeneity of firms in terms of fixed costs and analyze the effects of trade policy. We consider efficiency gaps between countries in marginal and fixed costs, a monopolistically competitive sector in which every new entrant faces increasing fixed costs of production. It is shown that an increase in a unilaterally imposed tariff increases the number of firms of the tariff-imposing country and decreases the number of firms of the tariff-imposed country, possibly reverting the position of net importer to net exporter of varieties. A small tariff is likely to be beneficial to the tariff-imposing country when fixed costs are low in both countries and the tariff-imposing country is relatively efficient in terms of fixed costs.