韓國에 있어서 工業의 集積과 需要因子에 關한 立地의 動向 (第一報)

邢基柱 慶北大學校 1965 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

In the regional analysis of manufacturing, we can find the several types of methodological trends as follows: 1) Study of manufacturing distribution; 2) Study of localization analysis in private enterprise; 3) Study of localization precess or location pattern; 4) Study of manufactural structure on compound region; 5) Study of economic base in connection with urbanization. In order to analyze the functional base of manufacturing region in Korea, the author laid stress on the latter two methodological consideration and reexamine into Weberian location theory which is based on the isolated one-point market or economization of transportation cost. Now manufactural localization in Korea is more rapidly progressing in urban district of which population size is above 200,000. And as population increases in the consuming center, the more various structural pattern of manufacturing shows. No single criterion or single complex of criterion can only give a map of total manufactural geography, but also is useful to appraise the regional weight and local pattern of manufacturing unless all the multiple criteria or various complex of them are considered. Applying the manufacturing output and manufacturing employment in 1963, the author classified the rank weight of Korean manufactural region in which regional quantity of manufactural accumulation is reflected. They are as follows: 1) Highest accumulative region- above twice coefficient of Korean average ratio-Seoul, Pusan and Taegoo including of urban hinterland; 2) Higher accumulative region-above Korean average ratio-Taejun circle; 3) Accumulative region-between 0.5 and 1.0 coefficient-Chungjoo, Nonsan, Iir, Chyungjoo and Mokpo circle; 4) Nonaccumulative region-below 0.5 coefficient-the other area. Economic region has the two important aspects as the space of location and that of market which was less important in Weberian theory. It is necessary to unify these two aspects as long as we recognize the real economic space is concern with the concept of equilibrium in the balance of supply and demand. The concept of economic base or geographical multipplier has used for the purpose of analyzing the space of equilibrium. The author calculated the location quotient and localization coefficient of manufacturing by 22 planning region and cleared the extent of basic activities by each manufacturing classification, because the scope of basic activity in each region is good reflector to show the variety or speciality of manufactural accumulation. Cosequentially manufacturing regions are classified into characteristic four ranges as follws: 1) Various accumulative region-concentration of various kind of manufacturing-Seoul, Pusan, Taegoo and Mokpo including of the urban hinterland; 2) less various accumulative region-Chunchyun, Chungjoo, Iri and Taejyun circle. 3) Less specialized region-Chyungjoo circle; 4) Specialized region-a localized industry region-Yongwol, Pohang, Andong and Kyuchang circle. How understand the cause of manufacturing accumulative process in the only urban district? What main factors are concern with the process? The answer was given by many of economists and geographers such as H.Ritschl, A.Lo¨sch, S.R.Denison and L.M.Greenhut, but they laid stress on the different aspects of them one another. In manufactural accumulation process of urban districts, the main factors observed are as follows; 1) There are tremendous and various demands in urban district. 2) Material procurement in manufacturing process of Korea depends almost on import from foreign country. 3) For the most part, many of plants in Korea are very small in their management size. This results in to make the various industries concentrate in urban districts which are more access to consumer. 4) Many of private enterprises are more easy of access to various individual technique process in urban districts. 5) For the rapid adaptation to mass communication and service system, urban districts are purposeful location in manufacturing. 6) Developement of transportation and automation or material substitution result in to make the various industries concentrate in the market area rather than material orientation. 7) The other many of personal factors are composed. For instance, we know that the industries located in the consuminng center are not always consumer oriented, but oriented owing to various other location factors. Real demand factor means not only terminal step of consumption but also various advantages of manufacturing process existing in urban district.

협업영농의 방향과 효과에 관한 조사연구 : 사과원 경영을 중심으로 In Connection with Apple Orchard Management

형기주 慶北大學校 生産技術硏究所 1970 生産技術 Vol.4 No.-

The government's plan to convert farming into both enterprise and cooperative forms has drawn particular attention from many people. It seems that the main objective of the government policy is to increase agricultural income by promoting large enterprise and cooperative farming under the name of agricultural modernization, thereby overcoming grievances arising from the submarginal scale of management. The purpose of this paper is to define in terms of apple orchard management in Korea what types of cooperatives we ought to promote, what effects of problems we can expect, and what difficulties for cooperative farming we have to overcome. These are very important studies in finding a way to increase farm income through scientific management, and in providing research materials to help in the formation of agricultural policy. Many illustrations of foreign countries which use cooperative farming were employed as materials in this research. The author also depended on empirical methods including observation of the operations of cooperatives and interviews of 48 members of the five cooperatives already established in Kyungpook province at Jungpyung, Duksung, Hwangsung, Kumnam and Soosua. 〔Some possibilities of cooperative farming〕 As far as apple orchard management is concerned, cooperative farming would be most successfully encouraged in Korea. The reasons are as follows: ① the apple industry is high in the ratio of capital and equipment; ② it's profit margin is considerably stable in comparision with other agricultural enterprises; ③ the orchard owner's value system determining farm management decisions is generally rational and enlightened; ④ most of the orchard owner hope to cooperate in the utilization of labor and the means of production, and to mechanize the apple cultivation process due to the labor shortage; ⑤ the scuccessful operation of the Jungpyung cooperative farm suggests that the fragile structure of Korean agriculture could be improved by converting individual management into cooperative system; and ⑥ the successful result of cooperative farming is also evident in the apple orchard management in the northeast province in Japan, especially in the cooperative system of insecticide spraying by speed sprayer (S.S). 〔Types of cooperative farming〕 Cooperative farms are classified into several types according to various points of view. One restrictive condition, however, must be attached to the cooperative farming system that we hope to have. This condition calls for promoting such cooperatives as are developed under the prevailling capitalist system. In reality, most of the orchard owners in the five cooperatives hope to achieve not an undivided or complicated system of management but a divided of simplified system of cooperation. For example, they want to operate cooperatively only in such managerial categories as insecticide spraying, storage facilities and sales of products. These are the essential parts of apple orchard management enabling one to set up cooperatives easily and to gain their results. Finally, in accordance with the realities facing Korea, we must encourange a second type of cooperative farming-use of joint producion facilities-of a third type of it-use of joint labor and production facilities-leading towards development of complete joint farming. As far as apple orchard management is concerned, the most effective unit in cooperative farming is seen to be that with a management scale of less than 20ha, in which about 10 farm households are jointed. 〔Basic conditions for cooperative farming〕 The basis conditions for successful cooperative farming are as follows: ① spiritual unity and mutual understanding between cooperative members; ② competent leadersphip by the farm leader; ③ adequate availability of cooperative systems already existing; ④ rational and enlightened value systems of farm owners; ⑤ grouping of farm field; ⑥ abundant capital; ⑦ organic system of labor division; ⑧ similar managerial conditions between cooperative memberships; ⑨ improvement of the laws dealing with agriculture; ⑩ establishmemt and arrangement of an agricultural mechanization system; ⑪ improvement of the marketing channel system; ⑫ financing and technical guidance; and ⑬ adequate training in managerial accounting. 〔Some effects of cooperative farming〕 Cooperative farming is a way by which the input cost of apple orchard management can be economized and efficient individual labor can be developed. Moreover, the labor and input cost saved by cooperative operation could be effectively used for other purpose. These facts are evident on the Income Statement and Balance Sheet of the Jungpyung cooperative farm for 1968-1969. According to these, the cost of agricultural chemicals by s.s cooperative spraying is 24 percent less than that of individal spraying. Also, with regard to insecticide spraying, the labor supply needed was 97 percent less than that needed on individual farm, and with regard to the whole process of the apple cultivation the rate of saving was 32 percent(see table 32). The effects of S.S cooperative insecticide spraying have also succesively influence on the other managerial operations including apple grading and other odd jobs. The profit margin of the Jungpyung cooperative farm was 24 percent higher than that of individual farms (see table 40). 〔The important problems of cooperative farming〕 In realities facing Korea, the author considers that the important problems for promotion of cooperative farming are as follows; ① improvement of the market channel system for apple price stabilization; ② employment problems due to a surplus farm population; ③ efficient arrangement and grouping of cultivated fields; ④ improvement of laws dealing with agriculture; and ⑤ financing of capital and technical guidance for cooperation. The important problems derived from S.S. cooperative spraying are as follows: ① improvement of planting distance and shape of apple trees; ② developement of farming roads; ③ adjustment of the insecticide spraying schedule according to varying weather conditions; ④ multiple application of the speed sprayer; ⑤ training and employment of S.S operator; ⑥ organic system of efficient labor division; and ⑦ establishment of a service center for the S.S..

한국인 정상 교합자의 정모 두부 방사선 사진을 이용한 안모비율에 관한 연구

유형석,이기주,백형선 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.4

두개 악안면 기형환자의 종합적인 치료를 위해서는 입체적인 평가와 진단이 중요하다. 그러나 흔히 전후방적인 골결평가에는 많은 분석방법을 시행하고 있으나, 안모 비대칭과 상 하악골 횡적인 부조화의 진단을 위해 필요한 횡적평가방법은 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 횡적인 부조화의 적절한 진단과 치료는 안정된 기능교합의 형성에 있어서 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화보다 중요한 역할을 하며, 장기간의 안정성에도 영향을 미친다. 그리고 상하악의 횡적인 부조화에 따른 연조직의 변화가 제한되어 있기 때문에 시진을 통한 임상적 방법으로는 간과되기 쉬우며 더욱이 특정적인 안모소견을 보이는 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화와 동반된 경우에는 감별되기 어렵다. 그로 인해 정확한 진단과 치료를 위해서는 정상 안모에 관한 정모두부 방사선 계측학적 안모 비율의 평가가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 1996학년도 연세대학교 신입생중에서 협조 가능한 정상 안모와 거의 정상교합을 갖은 남녀 76명을 선정하여 안모 비대칭과 횡적인 부조화가 있는 악안면 기형 환자의 진단과 치료계획에 도움을 주는 자료를 얻고자 정모 두부 방사선 계측사진을 이용하여 수평 및 수직 계측항목과 그 비율을 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정모의 수평 및 수직적인 계측항목과 그 비율의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하였다. 2. 정모의 폭경에 대한 고경의 비율은 0.837(남자:0.836, 여자:841)이었다. 3. 상악골과 하악골간의 폭경비율은 0.747(남자:0.745, 여자:0.752)이며, 높은 연관성을 나타내었다. 4. 두개 안면부 폭경들간에는 서로 연관성이 나타났다.(두개 폭경, 관골전두봉합폭경, 안면폭경, 상악폭경, 하악폭경, 상악과 하악 구치부폭경) 5. 정모의 폭경이 증가할수록 안모고경과 다른 길이 계측치도 연관되어 증가하였지만 각도 계측값(Bjork의 합, 하악평면각)의 감소와, 후전 안면고경 비율증가로 인하여, Brachycephalic facial type의 안모 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 악안면 기형 환자의 교정치료 및 악교정 수술치료의 계획에 기준치로써 사용될 수 있을 것이다. For the total treatment of skeletal malocclusions, 3-dimensional evaluation and diagnosis are essential. Although anteroposterior discrepancies can be evaluated through various methods, the satisfactory methods for evaluations of facial asymmetry and transverse discrepancies are yet to be found. The adequate diagnosis and treatment of transverse discrepancies may be more important in the maintenance of functional occlusion as well as for the stability of results obtained from othognathic surgery than the anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies. Since the soft tissue effects from the transverse discreapnies may not be pronounced, expecially when combined with anteroposterior or vertical discrepancies which have prominent characteristics, the differentiation of their effects may be the posteroanterior cephalometry as a reference for the accurate diagnosis and treatment. The present study evaluates 76 subjects from Yonsei University freshman with normal facial symmetry and occlusion. Posteroanterior cephalograms were taken from the subjects and the normal values and facial proportions are obtained. The results are as follows. 1. The transverse and vertical values from posteroanterior cephalometry and their ratio, with means and standard deviations are calculated. 2. The ratio of vertical values to transverse values i 0.837(male 0.745, female 0.841). 3. The proportion of maxillary and mandibular widths is 0.747(male 0.745, female 0.752), with statistically significant correlation. 4. Various degree of significant correlations are observed in the following craniofacial width;(Cranial width, Bizygomaticofrontal suture width, Facial width, Maxillary width, Upper&Lower Intermolar width, Mandibular width). 5. Although the facial height as well as other line measurements increase as the facial widths increase, angle measurement(Bjork, Sum, Mandibular Plane Angle, Gonial Angle), decreases and posterior to anterior facial height ratio increases, therefore indicating the tendency for a brachycephalic facial type. These results may be used as references for the treatment planning in orthognathic and othodontic treatments for the dentofacial deformity patients.

近代 Olympism의 本質 解釋에 관한 小攷

郭亨基 同德女子大學校 1985 同大論叢 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to make a correct diagnosis of the cardinal element what the Modern olympism bear a meaning in connection with the background of cultural history and to analyze a primary factor of the Modern Olympic Games from a viewpoint of social, educational philosophy. the essential idea and truth of the Modern Olympic Games are based upon coubertin's romantic ideal and an effort of 19 century's citizens for the restoration of Hellenistic humanism. the intrinsic character of the olympics are concerned with the essential values such as a sacredness, virtue, nobility of existence, purity, law-observance, justice, equality, friendship and beauty etc. The relation of a meaning between intrinsic ideal and a practical appearance what the olympism bear are as follows: 1. A prototype of sacredness were found out in an act of the olympic flame, a ceremony of awrding a prize, card section, and an oath of athlete and umpire. 2. The Olympicsw are formulated a principle of Amateurism which is pursue to better world and harmonious international relations and goodness. 3. The Modern Olympic Games are characterized by the emphasis of the artistic quality of traditional culture such as beauty of sports, variety of music, sculpture, painting, drawing, literature, memorial stamp and a photograph.

近代 初期 올림픽경기의 隆盛에 關한 略史 (其Ⅰ) : -1896~1912年의 夏季大會를 中心으로-

곽형기 同德女子大學校 1986 同大論叢 Vol.16 No.1

The emergence of early medern Olympic Games is the product of many events, social forces and people. It is clear from Olympic literature as well as from more general histories of sport(some of which have been indicated here) that the roots of modern Olympic Games extend back to the several "Pseudo-Olympics" of the nineteenth century and the ancient Olympism. At the Games in Athenes, 1896, although it was not scientific and systematic in organization and administration of Games but significant in a certain sense that Couberdin's dream was realized. At the Games in Paris, 1900, there was increase in number of sports event, participation of athletes and nation than the first Olympic Game. This was the first time that women's athletes took part in modern Olympic Games. At the third Games in ST.Louis, 1904, there was a serious setback in the number of participants, both in nations and individual competitors; twelve nations instead of the twenty-two at Paris, 617 athletes as against 1319. Most of these were Americans, no fewer than 525. This was the first Game that an official name 「OLYIMPIC」was given. At the fourth Games in London, 1908, the number of sports event, entry of participants, rules, and the basic formation of the Olympic Games was very clealy established. From this Games, most of the nations were participated under the national flag and the athletes were represented those nations. It suggests that the Olympic Games must be held with a tinge of nationalism. At the fifth Games in Stockholm, 1912; it was a typical Games since the modern Olympic Games were revived. In Stockholm there were no incidents, no protests, nothing to allow disloyal critics to pretend that quarrels had occurred. In London, four years before, teams from twenty-two countries had taken part; the competitors numbered 2,035. In Stockholm, there were teams from twenty-eight countries; There were 3,889 competitors. This increase since the Games in London shows the great momentum which the Olympic Movement had taken on. Also, the stadium had been specially built. An electrical timing device was demonstrated successfully and photographs were taken of every finish that decision was correct. There were new records, and splendid contests, in almost every track and field event. Several social forces-the function of I.O.C. and olympism, nationalism, industrialization, mass-communication-have been instrumental in the development of early modern Olympic Games. These social processes are sufficiently important that a separate discussion of each was undertaken. The discussion in this paper facilitates understanding the historical factors contributing to the rise of present day Olympic Games.

난소의 성숙 낭성 기형종에서 발생한 원발성 유암종 : 1예 보고 A case Report

조향정,민부기,문형배 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2002 圓光醫科學 Vol.17 No.1

저자들은 우측 난소의 성숙 낭성 기형종에서 발생한 원발성 유암종 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 본 예는 수술 후 상부 소화기 내시경검사, 대장 내시경 검사 및 복부와 골반에 대한 전산단층촬영을 시행하였으나 특이 소견은 없었고 현재 6개월정도 추적 관찰중이다. The most common malignant change in cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma, followed by carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma. Ovarian carcinoid tumor can be seen in the ovary as a metastasis of a tumor located in the gastrointestinal tract or elsewhere, as a component of adult cystic teratoma, or as a primary pure neoplasm of the ovary. The prognosis in primary carcinoid tumors (whether pure or as a component of cystic teratoma) is very good, whereas metastatic carcinoids have a poor outcome. We report a case of a primary carcinoid tumor arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary that developed in a 38-year-old woman with a brief review of literature.

Co-60과 Cs-134의 연발감마선에 대한 방향 및 편극상관 측정

Hyung-Ju Woo,Kie-Hyung Chung,Hae-Ill Bak Korean Nuclear Society 1982 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.14 No.2

Directional correlation measurements for the Co-60 and Cs-134 cascade gamma-rays have been performed in the angular range from 90$^{\circ}$ to 180$^{\circ}$ by use of the fast coincidence scintillation spectrometer incorporated with a gamma-ray polarimeter based on the Compton scattering effect to determine the polarization correlations. The experimental method together with the theoretical background is described, and the results are shown graphically to represent the consistency of the measurement with approximate theoretical estimates. 동시섬광분석기를 써서, 각도범위 90$^{\circ}$에서 180$^{\circ}$에 대하여, Co-60 및 Cs-134 감마선의 방향상관을 측정하였다. 그리고, 방향-편극상관의 측정에는 컴프턴산란효과를 응용한 감마선 편광분광기를 병용하였다. 이론적인 배경과 더불어 실험방법이 기술되었으며, 측정값이 이론적인 개산치와 일치함을 보이기위해 실험결과를 도식적으로 나타내었다.

올림픽의 본질과 발전 요인에 관한 재조명

(Hyung Kie Koack) 한국체육학회 2001 The 2001 Seoul International Sport Science Congres Vol.- No.-

柑橘生産 및 流通에 관한 現況과 問題点

邢基柱(Kie Joo Hyung) 성신여자대학교 한국지리연구소 1976 應用地理 Vol.- No.2

A Mechanism of the Bound Exciton Interaction with Longitudinal Optical Lattice Vibrations in Cathodoluminescence of Cadmium-Sulphide

Chung, Kie-Hyung Korean Nuclear Society 1974 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.6 No.1

The exciton emission spectra of CdS single crystals excited by electrons were measured at 80$^{\circ}$K as a function o: the wave length. The measured dissociation energy of exciton bound to neutral donor was 2.0 meV, compared to the corresponding theoretical value of 2.4 to 3.2 meV. An exciton bound to neutral donor and a longitudinal optical (LO) phonon may not interact, but a free exciton dissociated from a neutral donor and a LO phonon is expected to interact each other. Therefore the origin of the spectra consisting of interaction term was located at the spectrum consisting of a free exciton dissociated from a neutral donor (I$_2$d). From the analysis of the spectra the LO phonon energy of CdS was found to be 40.5 meV.