광고모델의 개인적 신상변화가 광고모델 속성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

곽형기,신경하 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

For identify the purpose of this study, I used t-test for 343 people(men: 187 people, women : 156 people) who are 1, 2 grade of university in Seoul and Kyong-gi area except 6 women universities and physical education students and Multiple Regression Analysis. Through the data analysis forming the purpose of this study, I got conclusions for these. First, an average of the expertness and the trustworthiness of a sports star is higher than those of a famous entertainer in advertisement model's personal attributes, that is, it shows that the sports star model get higher evaluation than the famous entertainer model in expertness and trustworthiness. Second, it shows that the expertness and the attractiveness of sports star model's personal attributes generally have an affect to attitude toward the advertisement and attitude toward the brand. Third, it shows that the trustworthiness, the expertness and the attractiveness of famous entertainer model's personal attributes generally have an affect to attitude toward the advertisement and attitude toward the brand. Fourth, it shows that attitude toward the advertisement of a famous entertainer who has changing of personal circumstance is higher than that of sports star in the all of these conclusion, we can think that sports star who has changing the personal circumstance has better attitude toward the advertisement than that of famous entertainer and the sports star and the famous entertainer have the same conclusion about attitude toward the brand.

올림픽경기의 발전 요인에 대한 역사적 고찰

곽형기 한국체육사학회 2001 체육사학회지 Vol.7 No.-

Historically, Olympic had influence upon the economical, social, cultural development of the each nation which participated in the Olympic Games. In modern society, it paved the way for each nation's harmony and peace through the practical efforts of Olympism. There have been various and numerous researches on the Olympic Movements and the Olympic Games. The focus of the researches are related to (a)investigate the issues and problems of amateurism (b)pursue tie development of moral attitude and health, (c)investigate the nature of sports for the essential culture, (d)improve and promote the each nation's peace through the participation in the Olympic Games. In the past, the Olympic Games was developed by the pure Olympism, however, nowadays it is thrown on the horns of a dilemma by the nationalism for medal contests, the professionalism for commercial profit and the complications of political power. As a matter of fact, it will be an important matter to understand the social forces that influenced to the development of Olympic Games. The function of IOC, Olympism, nationalism, Industrialization, mass-communication, commercialization are the main characteristics that have a great influence on the development of Olympic Games. These understandings may helpful for the right direction of future Olympic Games.

협동학습에서의 체육 실제학습시간에 관한 연구

곽형기,박기호 한국초등체육학회 2006 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

近代 初期 올림픽경기의 隆盛에 關한 略史 (其Ⅰ) : -1896~1912年의 夏季大會를 中心으로-

곽형기 同德女子大學校 1986 同大論叢 Vol.16 No.1

The emergence of early medern Olympic Games is the product of many events, social forces and people. It is clear from Olympic literature as well as from more general histories of sport(some of which have been indicated here) that the roots of modern Olympic Games extend back to the several "Pseudo-Olympics" of the nineteenth century and the ancient Olympism. At the Games in Athenes, 1896, although it was not scientific and systematic in organization and administration of Games but significant in a certain sense that Couberdin's dream was realized. At the Games in Paris, 1900, there was increase in number of sports event, participation of athletes and nation than the first Olympic Game. This was the first time that women's athletes took part in modern Olympic Games. At the third Games in ST.Louis, 1904, there was a serious setback in the number of participants, both in nations and individual competitors; twelve nations instead of the twenty-two at Paris, 617 athletes as against 1319. Most of these were Americans, no fewer than 525. This was the first Game that an official name 「OLYIMPIC」was given. At the fourth Games in London, 1908, the number of sports event, entry of participants, rules, and the basic formation of the Olympic Games was very clealy established. From this Games, most of the nations were participated under the national flag and the athletes were represented those nations. It suggests that the Olympic Games must be held with a tinge of nationalism. At the fifth Games in Stockholm, 1912; it was a typical Games since the modern Olympic Games were revived. In Stockholm there were no incidents, no protests, nothing to allow disloyal critics to pretend that quarrels had occurred. In London, four years before, teams from twenty-two countries had taken part; the competitors numbered 2,035. In Stockholm, there were teams from twenty-eight countries; There were 3,889 competitors. This increase since the Games in London shows the great momentum which the Olympic Movement had taken on. Also, the stadium had been specially built. An electrical timing device was demonstrated successfully and photographs were taken of every finish that decision was correct. There were new records, and splendid contests, in almost every track and field event. Several social forces-the function of I.O.C. and olympism, nationalism, industrialization, mass-communication-have been instrumental in the development of early modern Olympic Games. These social processes are sufficiently important that a separate discussion of each was undertaken. The discussion in this paper facilitates understanding the historical factors contributing to the rise of present day Olympic Games.

굴릭(Luther Halsey Gulick)의 YMCA 활동과 체육·스포츠사상

곽형기 동덕여자대학교 2001 생활과학연구 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate Luther Halsey Gulick`s thought and influence on physical education and sports in the YMCA which was established for the perfection of Protestantism. The YMCA started in 1844 in London as a moral and religious agency for the benefit of youth in the modern city. The first North American Associations were established at Montreal and Boston in 1852. The spirit of physical education and sports in the YMCA program forms the groundwork for building up the structure of American physical education and sports. Gulick established a new concept of the role for physical education as valuable in itself, and designed the new famous triangle symbol of the YMCA. Another important contribution to the YMCA program was his founding of the Association Athletic League and sponsored team games such as basketball, volleyball, and pentathlon and promulgated his 'Clean Sport Roll' which is now called 'sportsmanship'. Gulick was a special kind of innovator. He was able to translate his creative vision into organized plans of action. His far-sighted view of teleology and methodology in physical education and sports as an educative medium led to the establishment of today`s physical education and sport.

남북한 민속경기의 조명

곽형기 한국스포츠정책과학원 2005 스포츠과학 Vol.93 No.-

2002 월드컵 축구대회에서의 히딩크(Guus Hiddink) 코칭 전략에 관한 스포츠사적 연구 : Rainer Martens의 Successful Coaching 이론을 중심으로

곽형기,현선희 한국체육사학회 2004 체육사학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis compares and analyzes Hiddink's successful coaching strategy with Rainer Marten's 'Successful Coaching' theory in 2002 world cup soccer general meeting. This study sees that Hiddink is one of the representatives of leading the successful korean world cup soccer team. However, the success of the korean world cup soccer team is not only Hddink's efforts but also coaching staffs, athletes, soccer society staffs and korean people who give a soccer team to a great support. The most of 'successful Coaching' theory of Rainer Martens agree with the analyzed result into Hiddink's coaching philosophy, clearly scientific training programs, and a very cautious team system and management. It's the perfect example to various soccer leaders that is the Hiddink's role and philosophy as a leader, the democratic and human attitude toward relating with athletes, coaching staffs and a leader, the selecting athletes in basics of the real ability, the using of the appropriate principles of reinforcenrent(punishment and compensation theory), the testing and training of the basic body strength, and the organization and management of soccer team. The korean soccer team's experiences by Hiddink may be important to being ready for next world cup and training and intensifying athletes.

한국 개화기 관립 외국어 학교 체육 및 스포츠 교육의 체육사적 의미

곽형기 師範大學 體育硏究所 1999 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.20 No.1

Since the age of modernization in Korea, there has been complications and confrontation between traditional thought and western modern thought, socially, politically, and educationally. In the past few decades, many people have vigorously pursued changes, and at the same time sought to accept new educational system. The Public Foreign Language School introduced Western modern Physical Education and Sports and it quickly spread through athletic meetings. The new Physical Education practices were introduced by Hutchison, Hallifax, and Framton and soon took of the form of interscholastic and extramural games. The first games introduced were in track and field, soccer, baseball, gymnastics. Traditional sports like sirem, tug of war, and horseracing were retained. Students like, Hyun Yang-won and Sin Bong-hyu, who graduated from foreign language schools first introduced western sports into the Korean system. They organized "The Korean Athletic Club." and from here the sports further spread into Korea. They also continued practicing traditional sports, and emphasized health and physical culture to youth. Lee Jong-tae, as a leading figure in perpetuating athletics and hygiene, enforced stiff penalities to teachers and students who failed to take physical education seriously. Students in foreign language schools were virtually "Yangban." and though there was opposition to the new education, they largely succeeded in spreading western sports culture. Korean tradition of physical education was retained, but it was a mostly a weak effort. Ultimately it was good for participation in world sports, but showed lack of self advance and active participation (lack of concern for advancing traditional sports). They were almost wholly excluded from the students' educational program. Though physical education in the modern age was part of Korea's advancement into the modern world, there were some unforseen consequences. Therefore, we should plan the content and future direction of physical education and sport with more careful thought.

女子運動選手의 競技力 要因分析에 關한 硏究

郭亨基 同德女子大學校 1983 同大論叢 Vol.13 No.1

A review of the information presentd in this thesis reveals the following significant facts: 1. There are differences between men and women morphologically, physiologically, psychologically, and sociologically. However, these differences are not as great as they were once thought be. 2. Most physiological reserch indicates that sports competition for women is not detremental to their health, normal function, or well-being. When a sane conditioning program precedes a competitive program, the normal woman may participate in vigorous athletic competition and can be healthier as a result of sports activities. 3. Body build and body composition determined to a large degree the limits of an individual's athletic ability in most sports activities, and phenotype could be a useful index in selecting female athletes. 4. Physiologically, woman compares favorably to the male in most parameters in spite of her 20% to 30% functional handicap because of her size and structure. 5. Endurance performance is no more damaging or overtaxing to the female than to her male coujnterpart. She is capable of great endurance. 6. The female's emotional reactions are more likely to be the result of social and cultural more than psychophysiological factors. 7. Some authorites maintains that participation in sports does not have a harmful effect on the normal function of the reproductive system, others feel that a woman who is menstruating should avoid events in which maximum effort is demanded of her, and avoid swimming, for which training involves long exposure to water. On the other hand, some authorities maintain that there need be no restriction placed on the woman during menstruation. So long as the woman does not experience any abnormal change in her cycle, however, she should feel free to train and compete during menstruation. There is no evidence that participation in stressful competition has a detrimental effect on the normal processes of pregnancy and childbirth; on the contrary, there is evidence that they are aided by participation in sports. 8. The belief that participation in sports tends to masculinize woman is myth. It is inherent endocrinological and morphological factors that are responsible for feminity and masculinity and not vigorous physical activity. 9. Psycologically, there is the greater dominance of the male, i.e., aggressiveness, independence, self-assurance, toughness, persistence; Women appeared to be more submissive, i.e., dependent, conventional, child-like, softhearted, envy, suspiciousness, self-sufficiency, irritability and remoteness. 10. Educators should be careful that they do not set up inflexible programs on the basis of the average. As a result of regional, educational, social, philosophical, psychological, and cultural influences, as well as biological difference, the difference between the performances of one woman and another can be tremendous.

한국 근대 학교체육 개념 변천에 관한 연구 - 개화기 교과서를 중심으로 -

곽형기 ( Hyung Kie Koack ) 한국체육사학회 2007 체육사학회지 Vol.20 No.-