Optimal Interval of Surgical Treatment after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy

Saule Khamzina 대한외과학회 2020 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2020 No.11

Greenhouse gas and energy balance of Jatropha biofuel production systems of Burkina Faso

Baumert, Sophia,Khamzina, Asia,Vlek, Paul L.G. Elsevier 2018 Energy for sustainable development Vol.42 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Jatropha curcas</I> has been introduced as a low-cost energy crop in Burkina Faso for the production of straight vegetable oil (SVO) and biodiesel. It is cultivated in different plantation systems including smallholder inter-plantings with annual crops, large-scale monoculture, afforestation on marginal land, in traditional hedge systems along contour stone walls, and in living fences. We performed Life Cycle Assessment of these Jatropha systems using empirical data on yields and carbon stocks, and accounting for changes in agro-ecosystem provisioning and regulating services that occurred after the land conversion to Jatropha. The study found that all <I>J</I>. <I>curcas</I> production pathways substantially reduced greenhouse gas emission (68–89%) and saved energy (65–90%) compared to diesel fuel. Highest values are achievable under the assumption that by-products (husks, seed cake, glycerin) are used for energy generation. The decentralized production of SVO supplied by feedstocks from intercropping and hedgerow systems seems to be most promising option. However, very low land-use efficiency (6.5–9.5 GJ ha<SUP>−1</SUP> production) characterized Jatropha intercropping and monoculture plantations, rendering the plant a competitor to food crops and increasing the risk of conversion of savanna land to Jatropha cultivation. Jatropha plantings on marginal lands largely failed. High labor requirements constrain integration of Jatropha plantation systems within small farmholdings. Currently, the traditional hedge systems show the lowest land-use replacement potential and labor needs while providing multiple ecosystem services, but alone cannot satisfy rural energy needs. In order to reach energy supply targets without claiming more land and compromising other ecosystem services, the <I>J</I>. <I>curcas</I> plantation systems in Burkina Faso need to be made more efficient through plant breeding and improved agronomic management.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Jatropha biofuel production resulted in GHG emission reduction and fossil energy saving. </LI> <LI> Use of Jatropha by-products as energy source improved life cycle net GHG emissions. </LI> <LI> Jatropha plantations had very low energy yields per hectare. </LI> <LI> Local production and use of Jatropha oil has greatest potential in Burkina Faso. </LI> </UL> </P>

Spatio-temporal supply–demand of surface water for agroforestry planning in saline landscape of the lower Amudarya Basin

Kumar, Navneet,Khamzina, Asia,Tischbein, Bernhard,Knö,fel, Patrick,Conrad, Christopher,Lamers, John P.A. ACADEMIC PR 2019 JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Global warming is predicted to increase water scarcity in many drylands worldwide. In Central Asia, one of the most intensively irrigated dryland agricultural regions, climate change is likely to exacerbate the regional water supply–demand gaps, particularly in downstream areas. The withdrawal of degraded, highly salinized croplands from irrigated farming in favor of tree plantations that effectively utilize saline groundwater may contribute to irrigation water saving, which can generate valuable ecosystem services and provide rural income opportunities. To facilitate the spatial planning of afforestation in the lower Amudarya region, we developed a hydrological algorithm to map the spatio-temporal pattern of water supply–demand. The resulting map, based on seven-year continuous data of cropping pattern and corresponding irrigation dynamics, rainfall, and evapotranspiration at 250 m resolution, revealed the overly irrigated areas from which excess water can be redistributed to water-stressed areas. Furthermore, combining this information with spatial data on marginally productive croplands and with water requirement of tree plantations showed that 67% of these croplands are characterized by water availability sufficient for the introduction of salt-tolerant tree species. The algorithm developed is of potential use for defining the feasibility of introducing alternative (tree) crops with known growth and water use characteristics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Remote sensing aided a water balance estimation in data-scarce irrigated drylands. </LI> <LI> Spatio-temporal dynamics of surface water is key for dryland afforestation planning. </LI> <LI> Cell-based hydrological algorithm offers spatial guidance for regional afforestation. </LI> <LI> Over 60% of marginal cropland receives enough water for conversion to agroforestry. </LI> </UL> </P>

Stochastic Economic Assessment of Afforestation on Marginal Land in Irrigated Farming System

Djanibekov, U.,Khamzina, A. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS Vol.63 No.1

Exploring constraints and incentives for the adoption of agroforestry practices on degraded cropland in Uzbekistan

Djalilov, Begzod M.,Khamzina, Asia,Hornidge, Anna-Katharina,Lamers, John P. A. Routledge 2016 Journal of environmental planning and management Vol.59 No.1

Growth and carbon storage of black saxaul in afforested areas of the Aralkum Desert

장한나,안지애,Asia Khamzina,이우균,손요환 한국환경생물학회 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.4

This study aimed to determine the growth and carbon storage of planted Haloxylon aphyllum in the Aralkum Desert in Kazakhstan. Six sites afforested in 2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2017 were selected. The root collar diameter (cm) and height (m) were measured for all H. aphyllum in 30 m×44 m plots. Biomass accumulation (g m-2) and carbon storage (C g m-2) were calculated using allometric equations and the carbon concentration data of Haloxylon species. The diameters varied from 2.5 cm to 4.3 cm and the height varied from 106.2 cm to 223.7 cm. The growth of H. aphyllum was not linearly related to the afforestation year or soil properties. Tree growth might have been influenced by variations in the microclimate, such as temperature, precipitation, and dust storms. The mean total biomass accumulation was 20.57 g m-2 and ranged from 2.42 g m-2 to 64.53 g m-2. The mean carbon storage was 9.70 C g m-2 and ranged from 1.12 C g m-2 to 30.61 C g m-2. These biomass and carbon storage estimates were smaller than those reported for other Central Asian deserts, but afforestation enabled the generation of vegetative cover and consequently, carbon sequestration in the manmade Aralkum Desert.

How reliable is the Walkley-Black method for analyzing carbon-poor, semi-arid soils in Ethiopia?

Gessesse, Tigist Araya,Khamzina, Asia Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS Vol.153 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Soil degradation in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates accurate soil carbon quantification using a locally applicable method. We assessed the reliability of the original Walkley-Black method for analyzing soil organic carbon (SOC) in semi-arid soils in northern Ethiopia characterized by low SOC (1.3 ± 0.09%) and lack of carbonates. Eighty samples from entire soil profiles were collected in four prevalent land use systems along an elevation gradient and analyzed using the Walkley-Black method and CN elemental analyzer. The results were compared by linear regression analysis followed by the Bland and Altman analysis, eliminating the possible bias of regression. The analyses demonstrated the universal applicability of the Walkley-Black method using the standard correction factor (1.32) for SOC evaluation in carbon-poor, non-calcareous soils.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Results obtained by Walkley-Black method closely reflected those of the CN analyzer. </LI> <LI> Using the standard correction factor was valid for soil organic carbon evaluation. </LI> <LI> Original Walkley-Black method was universally applicable for C-poor, non-calcareous soils. </LI> </UL> </P>

Changes in basic soil properties and enzyme activities along an afforestation series on the dry Aral Sea Bed, Kazakhstan

안지애,장한나,한승현,Asia Khamzina,손요환 한국산림과학회 2020 Forest Science And Technology Vol.16 No.1

Afforestation of the desiccated Aral Sea Bed is needed for the rapid introduction of vegetation and rehabilitation of the soil environment. The present study aimed to detect the soil amelioration effect by afforestation of the Aral Sea Bed with respect of changes in topsoil properties and enzyme activities. In August and November 2018, soils were sampled from the barren areas and from areas afforested in 1991, 2005, 2009, 2010, and 2013. The exchangeable base cation concentrations (Ca2þ, Kþ, Mg2þ, and Naþ), cation exchange capacity (CEC), plant-available P concentration, electrical conductivity, pH, and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, b-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) were analyzed in the surface soil (0–10 cm). Base cation concentrations, CEC, and electrical conductivity decreased following afforestation possibly because of root absorption. The observed increase in soil pH could be affected by both root absorption and decomposition of plant residues. Enzyme activities, which are early indicators of soil recovery, might have been increased by afforestation through the release of nutrients from litter and root exudates. Our findings indicate that the establishment of vegetation through afforestation can provide supportive microenvironments for plants and microorganisms by decreasing soil salinity and activating soil microbial enzymes; these effects of afforestation are amplified over time.

Growth and carbon storage of black saxaul in afforested areas of the Aralkum Desert

Chang, Hanna,An, Jiae,Khamzina, Asia,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Son, Yowhan Korean Society of Environmental Biology 2019 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.37 No.4

This study aimed to determine the growth and carbon storage of planted Haloxylon aphyllum in the Aralkum Desert in Kazakhstan. Six sites afforested in 2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2017 were selected. The root collar diameter(cm) and height(m) were measured for all H. aphyllum in 30 m×44 m plots. Biomass accumulation (g m^-2) and carbon storage(C g m^-2) were calculated using allometric equations and the carbon concentration data of Haloxylon species. The diameters varied from 2.5 cm to 4.3 cm and the height varied from 106.2 cm to 223.7 cm. The growth of H. aphyllum was not linearly related to the afforestation year or soil properties. Tree growth might have been influenced by variations in the microclimate, such as temperature, precipitation, and dust storms. The mean total biomass accumulation was 20.57g m^-2 and ranged from 2.42 g m^-2 to 64.53 g m^-2. The mean carbon storage was 9.70C g m^-2 and ranged from 1.12 C g m^-2 to 30.61 C g m^-2. These biomass and carbon storage estimates were smaller than those reported for other Central Asian deserts, but afforestation enabled the generation of vegetative cover and consequently, carbon sequestration in the manmade Aralkum Desert.

Shoot and root responses of woody species to silvicultural management for afforestation of degraded croplands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Benin

Noulè,koun, Florent,Lamers, John P.A.,Naab, Jesse,Khamzina, Asia Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.385 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa, where deforestation and cropland soil degradation occur at alarming rates, the (re-)introduction of trees on degraded lands can improve and sustain farming systems and landscapes. The shoot and root morphological traits of five woody species introduced to degraded cropland were assessed with a particular focus on the survival, early establishment and growth of saplings subjected to manuring (1kg per plant) and drip irrigation (0.5L of water per plant per day). Functional traits of the woody above- and belowground organs of field-grown plants were monitored for the first 15months after planting, covering two growing (rainy) seasons and one dry season. The high survival rate (>60%), combined with a very low incidence rate (<1%), for all species was evidence of successful establishment overall. The highest survival rates (94–100%) were observed in <I>Jatropha curcas</I> L., <I>Leucaena leucocephala</I> Lam. and <I>Moringa oleifera</I> Lam. The mortality rate of the most drought-sensitive species <I>Parkia biglobosa</I> Jacq. could be reduced ten-fold through supplemental irrigation during the dry season. The fast-growing <I>L. leucocephala</I>, <I>M. oleifera</I> and <I>J. curcas</I> had higher values for shoot-level traits than did the slow-growing <I>Anacardium occidentale</I> L. and <I>P. biglobosa</I>. Fertilization and irrigation enhanced the shoot growth of both the fast and slow growers during the dry and growing seasons. In contrast, belowground development was either increased or reduced by fertilization and irrigation during the growing and dry seasons, but the slow growers demonstrated a more plastic response to these treatments than did the fast growers. Among the studied traits, the relative growth rate of plant as a whole (i.e. shoots and roots combined) exhibited the greatest plastic response to resource availability, thus suggesting its application in screening candidate species for afforestation efforts. Overall, the five studied species were considered suitable for the afforestation of degraded croplands, while the early growth and establishment of saplings could be boosted by irrigation and a supply of manure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The response of fast-growing species to manuring was pronounced in shoots. </LI> <LI> Slow growers invested more in developing roots rather than developing shoots. </LI> <LI> In the presence of water scarcity, slow growers performed better than fast growers. </LI> <LI> Relative growth rate was the most indicative measure of species suitability for afforestation. </LI> </UL> </P>