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Kumar, Navneet,Khamzina, Asia,Tischbein, Bernhard,Knö,fel, Patrick,Conrad, Christopher,Lamers, John P.A. ACADEMIC PR 2019 JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS Vol.162 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Global warming is predicted to increase water scarcity in many drylands worldwide. In Central Asia, one of the most intensively irrigated dryland agricultural regions, climate change is likely to exacerbate the regional water supply–demand gaps, particularly in downstream areas. The withdrawal of degraded, highly salinized croplands from irrigated farming in favor of tree plantations that effectively utilize saline groundwater may contribute to irrigation water saving, which can generate valuable ecosystem services and provide rural income opportunities. To facilitate the spatial planning of afforestation in the lower Amudarya region, we developed a hydrological algorithm to map the spatio-temporal pattern of water supply–demand. The resulting map, based on seven-year continuous data of cropping pattern and corresponding irrigation dynamics, rainfall, and evapotranspiration at 250 m resolution, revealed the overly irrigated areas from which excess water can be redistributed to water-stressed areas. Furthermore, combining this information with spatial data on marginally productive croplands and with water requirement of tree plantations showed that 67% of these croplands are characterized by water availability sufficient for the introduction of salt-tolerant tree species. The algorithm developed is of potential use for defining the feasibility of introducing alternative (tree) crops with known growth and water use characteristics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Remote sensing aided a water balance estimation in data-scarce irrigated drylands. </LI> <LI> Spatio-temporal dynamics of surface water is key for dryland afforestation planning. </LI> <LI> Cell-based hydrological algorithm offers spatial guidance for regional afforestation. </LI> <LI> Over 60% of marginal cropland receives enough water for conversion to agroforestry. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Shin, J.I.,Lim, H.Y.,Kim, H.W.,Seung, B.J.,Ju, J.H.,Sur, J.H. ACADEMIC PR 2016 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY Vol.155 No.1
<P>This study was designed to investigate the role of obesity in canine malignant mammary tumours (CMMTs), by assessing aromatase expression and the regulatory roles of immune mediators such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappa B), hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha cc) and adipokines (i.e. leptin) in lean, optimal body weight, overweight and obese animals. Clinicopathological data, including the breed, body weight, body condition score and age and neutering status, were collected, together with histopathological characteristics (i.e. histological types, grading and lymphatic invasion). To determine the expression of each factor, immunohistochemistry was conducted with 60 samples of malignant CMMTs. CMMTs from overweight and obese animals had significantly elevated levels of PGE(2), and aromatase expression correlated significantly with PGE(2), NF-kappa B and leptin expression. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of histopathological characteristics. The results suggest that PGE(2), a known obesity-related immune mediator, could be upregulated in CMMTs from overweight and obese animals. In addition, PGE(2), NF-kappa B and leptin influenced the expression of aromatase, as observed in women. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
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Jeong, H.,Oem, J.K.,Yang, M.S.,Yang, D.,Kim, M.S.,Lee, K.H.,Lee, M.H.,Lim, C.W.,Kim, B. ACADEMIC PR 2017 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY Vol.157 No.2
In 2010, there was a large-scale outbreak of bovine encephalomyelitis in Korea, and 15 new strains of Akabane virus (AKAV) were isolated. To identify the pathogenicity of one of these strains, we infected adult goats with AKAV-7 via different routes. Twenty-five female goats were used in this study and were divided into five groups: intracerebral (IC) and intrasubarachnoid (IS) viral inoculation (n = 8 each), intravenous (IV) inoculation (n = 4), and vaccinated before IV inoculation (n = 4), in addition to a negative control animal. All animals inoculated with AKAV-7 had AKAV-neutralizing antibodies at 6-8 days post infection (dpi). During the experimental period, infected animals showed no clinical signs. In the IC group, 5/8 goats had non-suppurative encephalomyelitis affecting the cerebrum. Virus S RNA segments were detected in nearly all areas of the brain. In the IS group, 3/8 goats had encephalomyelitis affecting the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. At 7 and 21 dpi, virus S RNA segments were found mostly in the spinal cord, especially around the area of injection (L5-L6). Antibody titres in the serum of the vaccinated group had an early onset and slightly increased titre compared with the IV group. Histopathologically, there were no obvious lesions in the central nervous tissues in the vaccinated group, while one of four goats in the IV group showed encephalomyelitis in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum. The newly isolated AKAV-7 can cause encephalomyelitis in goats after experimental injection. The attenuated AKAV vaccine currently used in Korea may provide partial protective immunity against AKAV-7 infection, but the real effect of the vaccine requires further investigation in goats.
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