Designing a new base for education and art education curricula from an Islamic perspective, for use in Saudi Arabia and other Muslim countries

Al-Mermish, Khalid University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

The art education curriculum in Saudi Arabia is characterized by two shortcomings: first, as is the case in the West, it equates art education with instruction in art; and second, art education, along with the rest of the curriculum, was imported almost wholesale from the West and therefore does not fit in with the ideology and worldview of Saudi Arabian society, which are based on the religion of Islam. The author proposes a definition of art education that makes art a main part of education, the means through which children are: understood; then taught according to their interests; and then guided onto a path of their own choosing. The “psycholo-Islamic stages” model is laid out, which divides a child's development into three stages of progressive independence and responsibility. The author explores how art and education fit into the various branches of learning. He develops a scheme that he calls an “education web,” which shows the relationships that the major branches of learning have with each other and with education and how they form secondary branches of learning. Finally, a formula called “Khalid-1” is developed, which applies the psycholo-Islamic stages to the stages of learning. The author shows how Khalid-1 can be used to develop a curriculum for teaching art education, in the broad definition that he has given it. The author makes use of research done by Western scholars that is compatible with Islamic principles and useful for his objectives, in particular that of Jean Piaget and Viktor Lowenfeld.

(The) implementation of the Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 in Brunei Darussalam and the international human rights

Binti Abdul Khalid, Nuur Khaliilah Graduate School, Korea University 2019 국내석사

Abstract The Implementation of the Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 in Brunei Darussalam and the International Human Rights Nuur Khaliilah Binti Abdul Khalid, June 2019 Korea University Graduate School of Law Back in October 2013, Brunei Darussalam made quite a shocking announcement to the world that the State would begin to implement the Islamic criminal law known as the Syariah Penal Code Order 2013 (SPCO). Fast forward to 2019; the SPCO has now been fully enforced as of 3rd April 2019. This means that among other things, the Sultanate now criminalizes unlawful sexual relations between unmarried persons, adulterous sexual relations, and denouncement of the religion of Islam, the consuming of alcohol and others. Not only the laws that became the subject of intense criticisms in the international community, the spotlight was particularly placed on the severe punishments imposed in the SPCO including the amputation of limbs, stoning to death and the excessive amounts of whipping. There is undoubtedly an immense concern that the SPCO is an affront to the international human rights laws. More so that Brunei is a party or a signatory to several international human rights instruments including the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Convention on the Rights of Child (CRC), and a signatory to Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT). As such, Brunei has made a commitment to ensure the protection of human rights in the State and these international obligations cannot be ignored. Thus, one of the major enquiries by the international community is how the Sultanate aims to uphold its obligations and commitments to the international human rights law when it is adamant in enforcing the SPCO that has the immense potential in violating human rights laws. As to how Brunei have responded to these criticisms and enquiries, the Sultanate often cited their right to exercise State sovereignty and how the international community should respect and tolerate Brunei’s religious values and their culture as legitimate reasons that enables the State to enact the SPCO. Furthermore, Brunei has also emphasized that these laws are meant to be a deterring factor and does not aim to torture its subjects. As such, one of the themes that is explored and focused on in this thesis is the compliance of international human rights treaties by Brunei. One of the issues that is elaborated in this thesis are the assurances that were given by Brunei that any of the severe punishments that are imposed in the SPCO would be in compliance with Brunei’s international human rights commitments and obligations. This is indeed a very bold statement from Brunei and as such, whether this statement resulted in positive responses from the international community is also discussed. Moreover, this thesis has also explored the system of governance and the constitution of Brunei that has enabled the Sultanate to enact the controversial legislation. This thesis also explored the mechanisms that are designed by the United Nations (UN) to investigate human rights violations and would advise recommendations that are specially catered towards the capabilities and the resources of that particular State. One of the problems that can be observed is the lack of explanation as well as information with regards to the offences and the procedural aspects on the SPCO. Thus, Chapter II and III are dedicated to explaining the details of the controversial provisions and its accompanying punishments. This lack of explanation has resulted in baseless accusations in the mass media, attacking the Sultanate by stating that it has no respect towards human rights and that this law intends to particular target the LGBTQ community. However, these are all false accusations that are founded on unreliable sources and sheer ignorance. Upon reading this thesis, an in-depth analysis of the wisdoms behind the implementation of the SPCO, the clarification of these misunderstandings displayed by the international community as well as the responsible responses made on the part of Brunei would hopefully put a positive light on the SPCO. 국문초록 브루나이에서의 샤리아 페널 코드 명령법 2013 실행과 국제 인권법 Nuur Khaliilah Binti Abdul Khalid 고려대학교, 2019 대학관법학과 2013년 10월 브루나이 정부는 이슬람 방식의 범죄자 처단법으로 알려진 샤리아 페널 코드 명령 2013(SPCO)을 적용할 것을 공표함으로써 전세계를 경악시켰습니다. 이는 2019년 4월 3일자로 범국가적 으로 전면 시행되었습니다. 그 중에서, 미혼자들끼리의 부적절한 관계나 간통, 이슬람 종교에 대한 비하 및 알 콜 섭취 등을 범죄로 규정하게 되었습니다. 이 행정 명령에 대한 국제 사회의 질타는 물론, 수족 자르기나 돌 투석 및 잔인한 채찍질과 같은 잔인한 형별 역시 비난의 대상이 되고 있습니다. 의심의 여지없이 국제 인권법에 대한 모독과도 같습니다. 브루나이는 다음과 같은 여성차별 철폐협약(CEDAW), 어린이 권리 조약(CRC), 잔 혹하고 비인도적인 또는 굴욕적인 대우나 처벌의 방지에 관한 협약(UNCAT)에 합의한 국가입니다. 이에 따라 브루나이는 자국 내에서 인권을 존중하고 국제적인 의무를 무시하지 않을 것을 밝혔습니다. 국제 사회의 가장 큰 요구사항 중의 하나는 이 잔인한 법이 무차별적으로 시행되어 인권 침해의 상황이 일어날 가능성이 높은 상황에서 어떻게 브루나이 정부가 국제 인권법을 존중하고 그에 따른 의무를 지킬 수 있느냐는 것입니다. 이에 대해 스스로 주권을 행사하고 국제 사회가 종교적인 가치와 문화로 인해 합법적으로 법을 시행 하는 것을 존중하고 관용하는지에 달려있다고 이 술탄국은 자주 대답해왔습니다. 브루나이 정부는 샤리아 법 (SPCO)은 범죄를 억제하는 요소일 뿐 특정인을 고문하는 것은 아니라고 강조했습니다. 이 논문에서는 브루나 이가 국제 인권 조약을 준수하는지 여부를 알아볼 것입니다. 여기서 다루게 될 주제 중의 하나는 이 잔인한 형 벌이 국제 인권법의 권고안을 지키게 될 것이라는 것입니다. 이번 발표는 분명 확실한 메세지를 전하고 있지만 국제 사회의 긍정적인 반응을 이끌어낼지는 아직은 더 지켜봐야 합니다. 여기서는 어떻게 이 술탄국에서이런 법안이 어떻게 시행되었는지 국가의 사법 체계와 헌법을 찾아볼 것입니다. 그리고 인권 침해를 찾아내기 위해 서 유엔에서 시스템을 설계한 방법과 특정 국가를 향한 개선안 요구를 하는 것에 대해 다루어볼 것입니다. 샤리아 페널 코드 명령 2013(SPCO)의 문제점은 설명과 절차적인 많이 부족하다는 것입니다. 챕터 I와 챕터 II에서는 이 법안과 관련 형벌에 대해서 세세하게 들어가볼 것입니다. 설명이 결핍되어 있기에 인권을 존중하 지 않고, 성적 소수자(LGBTQ) 커뮤니티 공격을 목표로 법을 만들었다는 근거없는 비난이 이루어지고 있습니 다. 하지만 이는 전혀 사실과 다릅니다. 이 논문을 읽으면서 샤리아 법을 철저히 분석해보고, 법안 시행의 배경 에 대한 숨은 뜻과, 국제 사회의 오해에 대한 해결 및 긍정적인 면에 대해서 초점을 맞추어볼 것입니다.

Evidence of necroptosis in various liver disease

Waqar Khalid, Saeed 한양대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

Abstract Evidence of Necroptosis in Various Liver Diseases Waqar Khalid Saeed Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine Background: For decades, scientists have been struggling to halt the crucial cell death process and thus to prevent parenchymal loss once the disease process has commenced. Apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy are well-known cell death pathways. However, recently, the regulated necrosis, in contrast to accidental necrosis, has been recognized to harbor several diverse regulated cell death types including necroptosis, pyroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-related regulated necrosis and ferroptosis. Necroptosis axis typically involves receptor interacting serine-threonine kinase-1 (RIP1), RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). The aim of study was to identify necroptosis relevance in various liver diseases and to identify suitable therapeutic target molecule within necroptosis axis. Methods: Various liver disease models including ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury, high fat (HF) diet induced NAFLD, common bile duct (CBD) ligation and thioacetamide (TAA) induced fibrosis models were used to evaluate necroptosis significance. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), RIP3-KO and MLKL-KO animals were used for experiments. For IR injury, WT and RIP3-KO mice underwent 70% segmental IR injury by clamping hepatic artery and portal vein for 1hr followed by reperfusion for 4 hr. For HF diet induced NAFLD, normal chow (NC) and HF diet was fed for 12 weeks to WT, RIP3-KO, and MLKL-KO mice. For CBD ligation, WT, RIP3-KO, and MLKL-KO underwent a midline laparotomy to identify and ligate CBD at two sites without cutting. For TAA-induced fibrosis, WT and RIP3-KO animals were divided into control and TAA groups. TAA was injected intraperitoneally for six weeks. After assigned durations (for IR injury; 4hr after reperfusion, for NAFLD; 12 weeks, for CBD ligation; 21 days, and for TAA-induced fibrosis; six weeks) the animals were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were obtained for further analysis. The serum AST, ALT, TG, LDH, and bilirubin were analyzed. The liver tissue H&E staining, Sirius red, Masson’s Trichrome and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed. qRT-PCR and western blot expression for specified markers was performed. In vitro analysis utilized primary hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, LX-2 cells, RAW 264.7 cells and U937 macrophages. TNF-α/LPS+zVAD, palmitic acid, oleic acid, TGF-β, necrosulfonamide (NSA) and, GSK'843 treated cells were used to elucidate the vitro signaling. Results: Although, necroptosis significance has been evaluated using different disease models; however, our results demonstrate that blocking necroptosis does not always have a beneficial role in all liver disease models. Nec1s pretreatment and RIP3-knockout did not reduce hepatic IR injury. Although, IR injury increased serum hepatic injury markers and Suzuki’s score; however, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL and PGAM5 expressions did not change significantly. Both the Nec1s pretreatment and RIP3-KO groups did not had improved histology or biochemical markers of injury. CyA pretreatment and/or RIP3-KO mice decreased Bax/Bcl2 expression; however, it did not lead to an overall change in serum AST, ALT, LDH and necrotic injury. In IR injury model, necroptosis does not seem to have a role in necrotic injury. In CBD ligated fibrosis model, MLKL-KO mice had reduced serum AST, ALT and fibrosis compared to WT mice. CBD ligated MLKL-KO mice also had decreased adhesion molecules expressions compared to corresponding WT mice. MLKL immunostaining was also increased in NASH patients with fibrosis. LX-2 cells treated zVAD+TNF-α showed increased p-MLKL and RIP3 expressions compared to control. NSA treatment reduced wound healing, α-SMA, collagen1α, vimentin and p-Smad2/3 expressions. Moreover, NSA treated LX-2 cells had quiescent-like morphology and reduced CXCL1, CXCL2, CTSS expressions. CBD ligated RIP3KO mice had reduced Sirius Red and MT staining compared to WT CBD ligated mice. Moreover, α-SMA, collagen1α, and TIMP-1 expressions were also reduced in CBD ligated RIP3-KO mice compared to CBD ligated WT mice. TAA treated RIP3-KO mice also had reduced fibrosis compared to corresponding WT mice. Both the MLKL-KO and RIP3-KO mice were protected against fibrosis. The human NAFLD liver tissue had increased MLKL IHC score compared to healthy control. The overall body weight of HF diet fed WT and MLKL-KO animals was the same. MLKL-KO-HF group had decreased liver weight, serum AST, ALT, and TG. MLKL-KO-HF group also had decreased NAS score, fatty change, lobular inflammation and ballooning degeneration. HF diet fed MLKL-KO mice had reduced SREBP1c, FAS, and SCD-1 expressions. NSA treatment reduced Nile red staining and SREBP1c and SCD-1 expressions in HepG2 cells. The white adipose tissue F4/80 IHC staining was reduced in HF diet fed MLKL-KO mice compared to WT mice. NSA treatment also reduced CXCL1, and CXCL2 expressions in HepG2 cells. MLKL ablation reduces hepatic steatosis and inflammation. After HF diet feeding, RIP3-KO mice had increased gain in body weight, and increased liver weight, liver/body weight ratio, serum AST and ALT. The total NAS score was the same between WT and RIP3-KO HF diet fed groups; however, hepatic TG and fatty change increased while lobular inflammation decreased in RIP3-KO mice. Following HF diet, RIP3 expression increased, while RIP3-KO-HF group had decreased MTTP, PDI, and ApoB expressions compared to WT-HF group. RIP3-KO primary hepatocytes treated with OA showed increased Nile Red staining compared to WT hepatocytes. Necroptotic condition associated increased TNF-α and MCP-1 expressions were exacerbated, while CXCL1 and CXCL2 expressions were decreased with GSK'843 treatment. HF diet fed RIP3-KO mice had increased steatosis while decreased inflammation compared to WT mice. Conclusion: The necroptosis inhibition leads to diverse outcomes in various hepatic disease models. Moreover, blocking the individual necroptosis axis molecules could result in dissimilar outcomes. Our results suggest that MLKL could be a more promising target within necroptosis signaling with significant therapeutic implications.

A Parametrical Study of Tunnel-Pile Interaction using Numerical Analysis

MAHMOOD KHALID 전남대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

The construction of shallow urban tunnels will inevitably effect near structure foundations. The settlement produced by tunnel construction will cause the tunnel pile interaction. In this paper a parametrical study has been conducted to find the settlement problem in near piles. The numerical model used is FLAC 2D. In this study the pile settlement results were studied by changing the rock parameters likes elastic constant, cohesive strength, tensile strength and friction angle where the pile tip is situated. Also the effect was studied for change in pile vertical and lateral distance. From this numerical study it was concluded that rock parameters like elastic constant effect the settlement results. Cohesion effect the settlement results when it is low from a fix value while other parameters have no effect. Next change in pile lateral and vertical distance from tunnel crown effect the settlement results. A descriptive matrix has been made by putting parameters such as tunnel dimensions, overburden, lateral and vertical offset of pile as leading diagonal terms. The construction of this matrix is based on Rock Engineering System (RES). This additional work is only in attempt from author and needs further research to get the numerical values for each matrix term.

Lighting control system using WSN

Khalid, Muhammad Shoaib 한양대학교 대학원 2010 국내석사

Tag and IoT sensors based fall prevention approach : case experiment at scaffolding work zone

Khalid, Rabia 중앙대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

최근의 모든 발전에도 불구하고, 높이에서 떨어지는 것(FFH)은 건설 현장에서 발생하는 사망의 주요 원인으로 남아 있습니다. 위험한 고도에서 신뢰할 수 있는 추락 방지 및 감지 시스템은 치명적인 FFH 사고를 완화할 수 있습니다. 그러나, 문헌에 보고된 중요한 도전과 문제 중 하나는 추락 예방과 추락 방지 사이의 공정한 비교의 어려움입니다. 탐지 시스템 및 기계 학습 기술을 교육합니다. 이 연구는 건설 중 FFH 위험에 노출된 근로자에 대한 세부적인 통찰력을 위한 센서의 광범위한 통합을 포함합니다. 낙상 예방법은 다음과 같습니다. 스마트 안전 후크(SSH)로부터 IMU(관성 측정 장치) 센서 데이터를 수집하여 활용하여 앵커리지를 감지하여 제안하였습니다. 또한, 추락 감지 및 정상 활동 분류는 벤치마크 UP-Fall Detection Dataset에 대한 검출기 모델에 의해 수행됩니다. 이 데이터 세트는 11개의 서로 다른 활동을 수행하는 17개 피실험자의 6개 신체 부위로부터 IMU 데이터를 수집합니다. (5명이 넘어지고 6명이 정상적인 활동을 합니다.) 작업자의 안전/비안전 동작을 식별하고 모니터링하기 위해 작업자 하드햇에 고유한 AprilTag가 설치됩니다. 제안된 시스템은 웹 기반 관리로 통합됩니다. 플랫폼(WBMP) 및 모니터링된 데이터는 MySQL 기반 BCS(백엔드 클라우드 서버)에 저장됩니다. 따라서 복합건설 현장에서 실시간으로 여러 작업자의 안전 모니터링을 효율적으로 자동화하여 안전관리자를 지원합니다. 위험 높이에서 위험 활동을 수행할 경우 FFH 사망을 초래할 수 있는 현장입니다. 향후 연구에서는 건설 중 다른 위험에 노출된 근로자에 대한 자세한 통찰력을 얻기 위해 이 연구를 확장해야 합니다. Despite all the recent advancements, fall from height (FFH) remains the leading cause of fatalities that occur at construction sites. Reliable fall prevention and detection systems at risky elevations can mitigate fatal FFH accidents. However, among the important challenges and issues reported in the literature is the difficulty of fair comparison between fall prevention and detection systems and machine learning techniques for training. This study involves extensive integration of sensors for detailed insights into workers exposed to FFH hazards during construction. A fall prevention method is proposed by collecting and utilizing inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor data from a smart safety hook (SSH) to detect its anchorage. Further, fall detection and normal activity classification are carried out by training detector model on benchmark UP-Fall Detection Dataset. This dataset collects IMU data from 6 body parts of 17 subjects that perform 11 different activities (5 human falls, 6 human normal activities). Unique AprilTags are installed on worker hardhats for identification and monitoring of their safe/unsafe behavior. The proposed system is integrated into a web-based management platform (WBMP) and monitored data is stored in MySQL based backend cloud server (BCS). Thus, helping safety managers by efficiently automating multiple workers’ safety monitoring in real-time at the complex construction sites where performing a hazardous activity at a risk height may lead to FFH fatality. Future research will involve the extension of this study for detailed insights into workers exposed to other hazards during construction.

Preparation and characterization of ZnO and doped-ZnO thin films by electrospraying method at atmospheric pressure for transparent electrode applications

Khalid Mahmood KAIST 2012 국내박사

(The) relationship between sport role models and youth sport participation in oman : (A) comparison of local and global sport role models

Khalid, Alriyami 서울대학교 2018 국내석사

Quantum Property Learning for Quantum Sensing Networks

KHALID UMAN 경희대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

The quantum internet is envisaged to connect quantum systems at the global scale to provide diverse applications unimaginable with the classical internet. However, the technological shortcomings and practical challenges of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era impose several constraints on the vision of a truly global quantum internet. Recent experimental developments for quantum networks are laying the pathway for small- to intermediate-scale noisy quantum networks dedicated to specific operational tasks. Although these networks are not at the global scale, they are capable of providing a clear quantum advantage in their dedicated tasks. We explore the cardinal features of these NISQ networks, discuss their bottlenecks and design constraints, and explore the possible applications they provide. We also outline some open problems and technical challenges that need to be addressed for practical implementation of these networks; that will eventually lead toward a truly global fully functional quantum internet. Specifically for future 6th-generation (6G) networking and Internet-of-Things (IoT) services, quantum sensing networks enable distributed quantum sensing tasks over hybrid classical-quantum networks to aid conventional tracking, localization, and imaging tasks with quantum advantages in precision estimation. Learning of fundamental quantum properties namely coherence, discord, and entanglement etc. benchmarks the computational and metrological power of near-term quantum metrology devices and quantum sensor networks. Current learning techniques vary extensively for the aforementioned quantum properties, including standard tomographic procedures that involve exhaustive optimization. Fortunately, these fundamentally distinct quantum properties feature an intricate connection, as discovered in numerous quantum information processing tasks. Herein, by proposing the concept of universal quantum witnessing machines, we detail a unified framework for learning fundamental quantum properties of a quantum system. We first formulate the certification and quantification of fundamental quantum properties based on quantum witnesses. The witness based certification method is experimentally accessible and resource efficient, but lacks reliability and generality. To universalize the scope and circumvent the unreliability, we then transform the certification task into a classification task by employing artificial neural networks to build respective resourceful-resourceless quantum state classifiers. This formalism gives a unification insight into certification, quantification, and classification of the enigmatically linked fundamental quantum properties. To illustrate our proposal, we provide a comparative numerical analysis of quantum property quantification via witnesses and classification performance analysis of quantum property classification via artificial neural networks, for 4 × 4 quantum systems. This work can serve as a stepping stone in interpreting artificial neural networks as an efficacious and reliable tool of quantum property learning for quantum metrology tasks performed by quantum sensing networks. Metrological resourcefulness of quantum properties also determines the distributed sensing capability of quantum sensing networks. In one way, entanglement and interactions are relevant for predicting collective network performance and benchmark in distributed quantum metrology tasks over quantum sensing networks. In traditional quantum metrology protocols, the initial multipartite entangled pure quantum probes are considered to be isolated, i.e., free of quantum many-body effects. Here, we study the impact of inherent many-body effects such as interaction with noisy environment and nonlocal interactions among particles on metrologically resourceful multipartite entanglement of initially mixed quantum probes distributed over a quantum sensing network. In this regard, we employ an information-theoretic multipartite entanglement measure as a figure-of-merit. The inevitable interaction with the noisy environment leads to disentanglement in multipartite quantum probes which restricts its metrological advantage. For this, we use entanglement dissociation to derive bounds on the multipartite entanglement measure that can identify the relevant entanglement structure under global as well as local noisy evolution. Furthermore, we investigate nonlocal interactions in terms of their entangling capability in a multipartite quantum probe. We show that such nonlocal interactions can be exploited as a valuable resource that exhibits better precision scaling in mixed-state quantum metrology. Moreover, we numerically observe these results for GHZ-W class states distributed over a quantum sensing network. In another way, measurement-based quantum correlations (MbQCs) are discovered to be relevant regarding single node capability in quantum sensing networks. Herein, entanglement was considered crucial for realizing quantum advantages in single node quantum metrology. However, entanglement has been outcast by discord in order to capture the worst-case sensitivity in quantum metrology to estimate an unknown parameter. In contrast to traditional measures namely, entanglement and discord, there exists noncommutativity based quantum correlation measures induced by local von Neumann measurements. Such correlations are more comprehensive than entanglement and discord in quantum information processing. We investigate the metrological resourcefulness of MbQCs. We provide a lower bound on the minimum precision of the estimation in terms of the MbQC. We show that the MbQC is more resourceful in quantum metrology than entanglement and super quantum discord. For any non-product state, the MbQC gives a metrological insight into the sensitivity of a mixed state towards perturbation caused by a local von Neumann measurement. Furthermore, quantum properties are also resourceful for other quantum information processing tasks performed over quantum networks. Comparative resource analysis of different quantum properties serves as a performance benchmark tool of such quantum networks. MbQCs depend on how strongly an observer perturbs the unobserved system. This distinctive property differentiates MbQCs from traditional quantum correlations such as entanglement and discord. We utilize MbQCs to elucidate quantum information processing capabilities in quantum computation and quantum state discrimination. We show that MbQCs exist more generally than entanglement and discord in optimal assisted quantum state discrimination and in a deterministic quantum computation with a single qubit. We also propose an MbQC-based dimension witness and analyze it in different noisy and noiseless scenarios.

Tracing the evolution of multiscale functional network and prediction of spontaneous remission in the EEG of depression mouse models using persistent homology

Khalid, Arshi KAIST 2015 국내박사