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小林賢次(고바야시겐지, Kobayashi, Kenji) 일본어문학회 2009 일본어문학 Vol.46 No.-
日本語史の流れにおいて、特に室町時代を境として、古代語から近代語への大きな転換が生じた。その一つとして、条件表現の変遷についてみると、古代語における「未然形+バ」の形式による仮定表現に代わって、「已然形+バ」の形式が、恒常的·一般的な真理や習慣を表す用法を基として、 「仮定形」と呼ばれるものへと推移してきた流れを捉えることができる。 次に、「山高からず」のような形容詞の否定表現は、近代語においては、「山が高くない」のように、補助形容詞「ない」によって表現されるようになる。もともと「存在しない」という概念を表すものであった形容詞「無し」が、形式化․機能語化してきたものであり、文法化の現象として位置づけられる。 また、現代語の敬語動詞「おっしゃる」「いらっしゃる」の成立をみると、「(さ)せらる」から「(サ)シャル」へという助動詞の推移と関連するものであるが、「(サ)シャル」自体は現代語においては衰退しており、大きな流れの中で個々の現象の推移を捉えることの重要性が感得される。
Multi-axis Milling for Micro-texturing
Kobayashi, Yoshikazu,Shirai, Kenji Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2008 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.1
The surface texture of a product is generally produced by etching or sandblasting. However, these techniques have problems related to repeatability and environmental pollution. Since current milling machines can produce small parts at the micrometer or nanometer level, the resolution of milling exceeds the manufactured dimensions of the surface texture produced by etching or sand-blasting. A method for generating surface texture by milling is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed method was demonstrated by actual milling using a three- or five-axis control machine, and the machined surface texture was measured with an interferometer to allow comparison with the designed shape. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a wide-area surface texture with good machining repeatability.
Mixed-reality simulation for orthognathic surgery
Fushima, Kenji,Kobayashi, Masaru Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2016 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.38 No.-
Background: Mandibular motion tracking system (ManMoS) has been developed for orthognathic surgery. This article aimed to introduce the ManMoS and to examine the accuracy of this system. Methods: Skeletal and dental models are reconstructed in a virtual space from the DICOM data of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) recording and the STL data of 3D scanning, respectively. The ManMoS uniquely integrates the virtual dento-skeletal model with the real motion of the dental cast mounted on the simulator, using the reference splint. Positional change of the dental cast is tracked by using the 3D motion tracking equipment and reflects on the jaw position of the virtual model in real time, generating the mixed-reality surgical simulation. ManMoS was applied for two clinical cases having a facial asymmetry. In order to assess the accuracy of the ManMoS, the positional change of the lower dental arch was compared between the virtual and real models. Results: With the measurement data of the real lower dental cast as a reference, measurement error for the whole simulation system was less than 0.32 mm. In ManMoS, the skeletal and dental asymmetries were adequately diagnosed in three dimensions. Jaw repositioning was simulated with priority given to the skeletal correction rather than the occlusal correction. In two cases, facial asymmetry was successfully improved while a normal occlusal relationship was reconstructed. Positional change measured in the virtual model did not differ significantly from that in the real model. Conclusions: It was suggested that the accuracy of the ManMoS was good enough for a clinical use. This surgical simulation system appears to meet clinical demands well and is an important facilitator of communication between orthodontists and surgeons.
Multi-axis Milling for Micro-texturing
Yoshikazu Kobayashi,Kenji Shirai 한국정밀공학회 2008 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.1
The surface texture of a product is generally produced by etching or sandblasting However, these techniques have problems related to repeatability and environmental pollution. Since current milling machines can produce small parts at the micrometer or nanometer level, the resolution of milling exceeds the manufactured dimensions of the surface texture produced by etching or sand-blasting. A method for generating surface texture by milling is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed method was demonstrated by actual milling using a three- or five-axis control machine, and the machined surface texture was measured with an interferometer to allow comparison with the designed shape. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a wide-area surface texture with good machining repeatability.