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Effect of Several Adsorbents on The Gastrointestinal Absorption of Paraquat
Machijima, Hiraku,Nakamura, Hiroyuki,Hatanaka, Tomomi,Sugibayashi, Kenji,Morimoto, Yasunori The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1994 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.17 No.5
The effect of several adsorbents on paraquat poisohing was investigated (1) by measuring the saturatd amount of the poison adhered on the adsorbents in vitro and (2) by assaying the blood level of paraquat in the rat in in situ intestinal absorption experiments. Activated charcoal powder, natural aluminum silifonate) were used as adorbents. The steady-state blood level of paraquat in its absorption experiment with the cationic exchange resins was markedly lower than those without the resins or with other adsorbents. A good relationship was achieved between the calculated AUC or adsorptioin rate (in situ) and the saturated adsorption amount (in vitro). The rank order of the effect was sodium polystyene sulfonate > calcium polystyene sulfonate>natural aluminum silicate>activated charcoal powder. The effect of sodium polystyrene sulfonate after intestinal washing with physiological saline ws also measured, and a synergistic effect (marked decrease in blood paraquat level0 was found as compared with the intestinal washing alone. The simultaneous use of G.I. weshing and powerful adsorbent was scientifically proven to be most benefical.
Kita, Yasuyuki,Tohma, Hirofumi,Hatanaka, Kenji,Takada, Takeshi,Fujita, Shigekazu,Mitoh, Shizue,Sakurai, Hiromu,Oka, Shigenori 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1994 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.4
A novel hypervalent iodine induced nucleophilic substitution of para-substituted phenol ethers in the presence of a variety of nucleophiles is described. UV and ESR spectroscopic studies indicate that this reaction proceeds via cation radicals, 〔ArH^+〕, as reactive intermediates generated by single-electron transfer (SET) from a charge-transfer(CT) complex of phenol ethers with phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA). This is the first case that involves a radical intermediate on hypervalent iodine oxidations of aromatic compounds.
Naoki Nakamura,Osamu Takahashi,Minobu Kamo,Shogo Hatanaka,Haruna Endo,Norifumi Mizuno,Naoto Shikama,Mami Ogita,Kenji Sekiguchi 한국유방암학회 2014 Journal of breast cancer Vol.17 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the targetcoverage, homogeneity, and robustness of the dose distributionsagainst geometrical uncertainties associated with fourwhole breast radiotherapy techniques. Methods: The study wasbased on the planning-computed tomography-datasets of 20patients who underwent whole breast radiotherapy. A total offour treatment plans (wedge, field-in-field [FIF], hybrid intensitymodulatedradiotherapy [IMRT], and full IMRT) were created foreach patient. The hybrid IMRT plans comprised two opposedtangential open beams plus two IMRT beams. Setup errors weresimulated by moving the beam isocenters by 5 mm in the anterioror posterior direction. Results: With the original plan, thewedge technique yielded a high volume receiving ≥107% of theprescription dose (V107; 7.5%±4.2%), whereas the other threetechniques yielded excellent target coverage and homogeneity. A 5 mm anterior displacement caused a large and significant increasein the V107 (+5.2%±4.1%, p<0.01) with the FIF plan, butnot with the hybrid IMRT (+0.4%±1.2%, p=0.11) or full IMRT(+0.7%±1.8%, p=0.10) plan. A 5-mm posterior displacementcaused a large decrease in the V95 with the hybrid IMRT (-2.5%±3.7%, p<0.01) and full IMRT (-4.3%±5.1%, p<0.01) plans, butnot with the FIF plan (+0.1%±0.7%, p=0.74). The decrease inV95 was significantly smaller with the hybrid IMRT plan than withthe full IMRT plan (p<0.01). Conclusion: The FIF, hybrid IMRT,and full IMRT plans offered excellent target coverage and homogeneity. Hybrid IMRT provided better robustness against geometricaluncertainties than full IMRT, whereas FIF provided comparablerobustness to that of hybrid IMRT