Biological activities of Cuminum cyminum seed oil and its major components against Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus oryzae

Akash Kedia,Prashant Kumar Mishra,Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy,Nawal Kishore Dubey,Bhanu Prakash 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.3

The study reports the fumigant, repellent, oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, larvicidal and pupaecidal activities of Cuminum cyminum seed essential oil and its 4 main components (cymene, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde and (−)- β-pinene) against Callosobruchus chinensis and Sitophilus oryzae. The essential oil, γ-terpinene and (−)-β-pinene showed pronounced activity in all parameters against both the insects. However, the susceptibility of C. chinensis wasmuch higher than S. oryzae. Cymene and cuminaldehyde showed poormortality to insects but causedmoderate repellency and oviposition deterrency at 100 μl/L air. The essential oil when tested for practical application in protection of food commodities from insect infestation in storage containers, exhibited 100% and 97% feeding deterrent index at 100 μl/L air concentration against C. chinensis and S. oryzae damage respectively without affecting viability of chickpea and wheat. C. cyminum seed essential oil may thus be recommended as eco-friendly and biorational alternatives of synthetic pesticides for management of insect infestation of food commodities.

Evaluation of Feeding Regimes to Enhance PHA Production Using Acetic and Butyric Acids by a Pure Culture of Cupriavidus necator

Gopal Kedia,Pearl Passanha,Richard M. Dinsdale,Alan J. Guwy,Sandra R. Esteves 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.6

In this study volatile fatty acids (VFAs), whichare by-products from anaerobic fermentations, have beenused as the carbon source for polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) production by pure culture bacteria, Cupriavidusnecator. A number of factors influence the conversionefficiencies of VFAs to PHAs including the bacterialfeeding regimes. When VFA was supplied as a single feed,it was found that concentrations higher than 2% v/v VFAled to substrate inhibition and only 18% acetic acid and12% of butyric acid was converted into PHA. This resultedin less than 65% (w/w) of PHA content within themicrobial cells. Hence, the single VFA feeding strategywas found to provide low conversion rates of VFA intopolymer. An improved feeding strategy was found to bethe use of an automatic VFA feed based on the pH controlof the medium, which led to a more continuous feedingregime. The conversion of VFA to PHA was increased byalmost 2-fold to 33 and 22% for acetic acid and butyricacid respectively, with up to 75% (w/w) of PHA resultantwithin the microbial cells.

Addition of computed tomography chest increases the diagnosis rate in patients with suspected intestinal tuberculosis

( Saurabh Kedia ),( Raju Sharma ),( Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru ),( Deepak Madhu ),( Pabitra Sahu ),( Bhaskar Kante ),( Prasenjit Das ),( Ankur Goyal ),( Karan Madan ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.2

Background/Aims: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is difficult to diagnose due to poor sensitivity of definitive diagnostic tests. ITB may be associated with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) which may remain undetected on chest X-ray. We assessed the role of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) chest in detecting the prevalence of active PTB, and increasing the diagnostic yield in patients with suspected ITB. Methods: Consecutive treatment naïve patients with suspected ITB (n=200) who underwent CECT chest (n=88) and had follow-up duration>1 year were recruited in this retrospective study (February 2016 to October 2018). ITB was diagnosed in the presence of caseating granuloma, positive acid fast stain or culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on biopsy, presence of necrotic lymph nodes (LNs) on CT enterography or positive response to anti-tubercular therapy. Evidence of active tuberculosis on CECT-chest was defined as presence of centrilobular nodules with or without consolidation/miliary nodules/thick-walled cavity/enlarged necrotic mediastinal LNs. Results: Sixty-five of eighty-eight patients (mean age, 33.8±12.8 years; 47.7% of females) were finally diagnosed as ITB (4-caseating granuloma on biopsy, 12-necrotic LNs on CT enterography, 1-both, and 48-response to anti-tubercular therapy) and 23 were diagnosed as Crohn’s disease. Findings of active TB on CECT chest with or without necrotic abdominal LNs were demonstrated in 5 and 20 patients, respectively. No patient with Crohn’s disease had necrotic abdominal LNs or active PTB. Addition of CECT chest in the diagnostic algorithm improved the sensitivity of ITB diagnosis from 26.2% to 56.9%. Conclusions: Addition of CECT chest significantly improves the sensitivity for definite diagnosis in a patient with suspected ITB. (Intest Res 2022;20:184-191)

Endoscopic Guided Biliary Drainage: How Can We Achieve Efficient Biliary Drainage?

Prashant Kedia,Monica Gaidhane,Michel Kahaleh 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.5

Currently, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the preferred procedure for biliary drainage for various pancreatico-biliary disorders. ERCP is successful in 90% of the cases, but is unsuccessful in cases with altered anatomy or with tumors obstructing access to the duodenum. Due to the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical or percutaneous approaches in unsuccessful ERCP cases, biliary endoscopists have been using endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) more frequently within the last decade in different countries. As with any novel advanced endoscopic procedure that incorporates various approaches, advanced endoscopists all over the world have innovated and adopted diverse EUS-BD techniques. Indications for EUS-BD include failed conventional ERCP, altered anatomy, tumor preventing access into the biliary tree and contraindication to percutaneous access (i.e., ascites, etc.). EUS-BD utilizing EUS-guided rendezvous technique is conducted by creating a tract from either the stomach or the duodenum into the bile duct. Although EUS-BD has rapidly been gaining attraction and popularity in the endoscopic world, the indications and methods have yet to be standardized. There are several access routes and techniques that are employed by advanced endoscopists throughout the world for BD. This article reviews the indications and currently practiced EUS-BD techniques, including indications, technical details (intrahepatic or extrahepatic approach), equipment, patient selection, complications, and overall advantages and limitations.

Technical Advances in Endoscopic Ultrasound(EUS)-Guided Tissue Acquisition for Pancreatic Cancers: How Can We Get the Best Results with EUS-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration?

Prashant Kedia,Monica Gaidhane,Michel Kahaleh 대한소화기내시경학회 2013 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.46 No.5

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is one of the least invasive and most effective modality in diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma in solid pancreatic lesions, with a higher diagnostic accuracy than cystic tumors. EUS-FNA has been shown to detect tumors less than 3 mm, due to high spatial resolution allowing the detection of very small lesions and vascular invasion, particularly in the pancreatic head and neck, which may not be detected on transverse computed tomography. Furthermore, this minimally invasive procedure is often ideal in the endoscopic procurement of tissue in patients with unresectable tumors. While EUS-FNA has been increasingly used as a diagnostic tool, most studies have collectively looked at all primary pancreatic solid lesions, including lymphomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, whereas very few studies have examined the diagnostic utility of EUS-FNA of pancreatic ductal carcinoma only. As with any novel and advanced endoscopic procedure that may incorporate several practices and approaches, endoscopists have adopted diverse techniques to improve the tissue procurement practice and increase diagnostic accuracy. In this article, we present a review of literature to date and discuss currently practiced EUS-FNA technique, including indications, technical details, equipment, patient selection, and diagnostic accuracy.

Management of inflammatory bowel disease in older persons: evolving paradigms

( Saurabh Kedia ),( Jimmy K. Limdi ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.2

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, and considering the aging population, this number is set to increase further in the future. The clinical features and natural history of elderly-onset IBD have many similarities with those of IBD in younger patients, but with significant differences including a broader differential diagnosis. The relative lack of data specific to elderly patients with IBD, often stemming from their typical exclusion from clinical trials, has made clinical decision-making somewhat challenging. Treatment decisions in elderly patients with IBD must take into account age-specific concerns such as comorbidities, locomotor and cognitive function, and polypharmacy, to set realistic treatment targets in order to enable personalized treatment and minimize harm. Notwithstanding paucity of clinical data, recent studies have provided valuable insights, which, taken together with information gleaned from previous studies, can broaden our understanding of IBD. These insights may contribute to the development of paradigms for the holistic and, when possible, evidence-based management of this potentially vulnerable population and are the focus of this review. (Intest Res 2018;16:194-208)

Accuracy of computed tomographic features in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn`s disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis

( Saurabh Kedia ),( Raju Sharma ),( Vishnubhatla Sreenivas ),( Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan ),( Vishal Sharma ),( Sawan Bopanna ),( Venigalla Pratap Mouli ),( Rajan Dhingra ),( Dawesh Prakash Yadav ) 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.2

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) can noninvasively image the entire gastrointestinal tract and assess extraintestinal features that are important in differentiating Crohn`s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). The present meta-analysis pooled the results of all studies on the role of CT abdomen in differentiating between CD and ITB. We searched PubMed and Embase for all publications in English that analyzed the features differentiating between CD and ITB on abdominal CT. The features included comb sign, necrotic lymph nodes, asymmetric bowel wall thickening, skip lesions, fibrofatty proliferation, mural stratification, ileocaecal area, long segment, and left colonic involvements. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for all the features. Symmetric receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for features present in >3 studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding studies that compared features on conventional abdominal CT instead of CT enterography (CTE). We included 6 studies (4 CTE, 1 conventional abdominal CT, and 1 CTE+conventional abdominal CT) involving 417 and 195 patients with CD and ITB, respectively. Necrotic lymph nodes had the highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 23%; specificity, 100%; DOR, 30.2) for ITB diagnosis, and comb sign (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 81%; DOR, 21.5) followed by skip lesions (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 74%; DOR, 16.5) had the highest diagnostic accuracy for CD diagnosis. On sensitivity analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of other features excluding asymmetric bowel wall thickening remained similar. Necrotic lymph nodes and comb sign on abdominal CT had the best diagnostic accuracy in differentiating CD and ITB. (Intest Res 2017;15:149-159)

Development of Empirical Relations to Predict Ground Vibrations due to Underground Metro Trains

Naveen Kumar Kedia,Anil Kumar,Yogendra Singh 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.1

The vibration caused due to underground metro trains in densely populated urban areas and its adverse effect on the nearby structures and occupants is a growing concern for the policymakers and government bodies, demanding its rapid and correct assessment. Metro bodies in India use Research Designs and Standards Organisation guidelines similar to Federal Transit Administration guidelines for vibration assessment. However, in the guidelines, there is limited discussion on soil geotechnical properties, tunnel depth and axle load, which considerably affect the magnitude of train-induced ground vibration. This study focuses on developing easily comprehendible empirical relations to predict metro train-induced ground vibrations considering the effect of these parameters. Multiple non-linear regression is used to establish the empirical relations utilising the datasets generated from a two-dimensional train-track-tunnel-soil dynamic interaction (TTTSDI) finite element model. The TTTSDI model is based on the two-step methodology available in the literature and is validated with field measurement results of the Delhi metro sites. The developed empirical relations predicted the ground vibrations with maximum and minimum errors of 2.66% and 0.84%, respectively.

Effect of Rail Irregularities and Rail Pad on Track Vibration and Noise

Naveen Kumar Kedia,Anil Kumar,Yogendra Singh 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.4

This paper focuses on the effect of short and long wavelength track irregularities and rail pads on train induced vibration and noise using a train-track interaction model. An Indian rail vehicle is modelled as a spring-mass-damper system, and a ballasted track structure is modelled as an infinite rail resting on the viscoelastic foundation. Long-wavelength track irregularity is obtained from measured field data; however, short-wavelength track irregularity is generated using Sato track spectrum. It is observed that vibration and noise levels are not only higher for short-wavelength compared to long-wavelength but also exceed the limits imposed by the Indian Railway standards. Thus, track properties are modified by varying stiffness and damping of rail pads to reduce vibration and noise levels. The stiffer pads reduced vibration level in the range of 7dB-24dB and noise level in the range of 8dBA-14dBA; hence, stiffer pads are recommended for the ballasted track. Moreover, track properties for short-wavelength also keep vibration and noise levels within the permissible limit for long-wavelength. Thus, modification of track properties based on only short-wavelength irregularity is required.

Prospective validation of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells as an immunological marker to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease

( Ritika Rampal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Mohamad Nahidul Wari ),( Deepak Madhu ),( Amit Kumar Singh ),( Veena Tiwari ),( V. Pratap Mouli ),( Srikant Mohta ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) remain “difficult-to-differentiate” diseases. We have previously documented peripheral blood frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells (Treg) as a biomarker to differentiate CD and ITB. We tried to validate these results in a larger cohort of CD and ITB patients. Methods: Seventy treatment naïve patients of CD (n=23) and ITB (n=47) (diagnosed by standard criteria) were recruited prospectively from October 2016 to May 2017. Patients with history of antitubercular therapy in the past were excluded. The frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry, and compared between CD and ITB patients. Results: Similar to our previous study, frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in ITB as compared to CD patients (40.9 [interquartile range, 33-50] vs. 24.9 [interquartile range, 14.4-29.6], P< 0.001). Further, the receiver operating characteristics curve also showed good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89) and a FOXP3⁺ cutoff value of >31.3% had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 82.6% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Even for the indeterminate cases (n=33), Treg cell frequency had similar diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.95) and a cutoff of 32.37% had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 95% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Conclusions: The current findings validate that the increased frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ Treg in the peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate ITB from CD. (Intest Res 2021;19:232-238)