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Formation and Cycloreversion of 2-Silacyclobuta[2.3]cyclophances via Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Mizuno, Kazuhiko,Nakanishi, Kazuhisa,Otsuji, Yoshio,Hayamizu, Tomoo,Maeda, Hajime,Adachi, Tomohiro,Ishida, Akito,Takamuku, Setsuo Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1
Irradiation of an acetonitrile solution containing dimethylbis(4-vinylphenylmethyl)silane 1a in the presence of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene leads to formation of the intramolecular photocycloadduct, 2-sila-cyclobuta[2.3]cyclophane(2a). In contrast, prolonged irradiation gave insoluble polymeric material. The photocycloreversion of 2a occurs efficiently (quantum yields exceeds unity) by use of redox-type photosensitization in the presence of magnesium perchlorate. The transient absorption spectra generated by pulse radiolysis and gamma-radiolysis show that the radical cation species generated from 1a is different from that arising from 2a.
The determinants of propofol induction time in anesthesia
Yushi U. Adachi,Maiko Satomoto,Hideyuki Higuchi,Kazuhiko Watanabe 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.2
Background: The required dose of anesthetics is generally smaller in patients with low cardiac output (CO). A high CO decreases the blood concentration of anesthetics during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. However, a high CO may also shorten the delivery time of anesthetics to the effect site, e.g. the brain. We assessed the time required for induction of anesthesia with propofol administered by target-controlled infusion (TCI), and investigated factors that modify the pharmacodynamics of propofol. Methods: After measuring CO and blood volume (BV) by dye densitometry, propofol was infused using TCI to simulate a plasma concentration of 3 μg/ml. After infusion, the time taken to achieve bispectral index (BIS) values of 80 and 60 was determined. Age, sex, lean body mass (LBM), and cardiovascular parameters were analyzed as independent variables. The dependent variables were the time taken to achieve each BIS value and the plasma concentration of propofol (Cp) 10 min after the commencement of infusion. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that a high CO significantly reduced the time taken to reach the first end point (P = 0.020, R2 = 0.076). Age and LBM significantly prolonged the time taken to reach the second end point (P = 0.001). Cp was negatively correlated with BV (P = 0.020, R2 = 0.073). Conclusions: Cardiac output was a statistically significant factor for predicting the time required for induction of anesthesia in the initial phase, whereas, age and LBM were significant variables in the late phase. The pharmacodynamics of propofol was intricately altered by CO, age, and LBM.