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Operational Performance Evaluation of Remote Controllers for Manual Control of UAV
Kawng-Soo Park(박광수),Seong-Hwan Kim(김성환),Giancarlo Eder Guerra Padilla,Kun-Jung Kim(김건중),Kee-Ho Yu(유기호) 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.24 No.4
Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been used widely for various applications, but the role of the human operator for their operation and control is indispensable because of lack of control system’s autonomy. To improve the performance of the manual control of UAVs, a well-designed remote controller is needed, and the evaluation of operational performance of such a remote controller is important. In this paper, a single-stick remote controller of the joystick type was designed and evaluated in comparison with a conventional dual-stick remote controller. A comparative evaluation of operational performance in a simulation experiment using a quadrotor UAV was carried out. The results of the simulation experiment showed that the single-stick remote controller was superior to the dual-stick conventional one in all of the factors evaluated in the given manual control mission: the average operation time, tracking error rate, and learning effect. Also, subjective evaluations about the convenience of the control operation and the intuitiveness of the motion control for each remote controller were obtained by ratings from the experiment participants.
간세포암에서 B형 간염 바이러스와 C형 간염 바이러스의 감염 양상
김영수,이광재,문영수,함기백,김진홍,조성원,이상인,심찬섭 대한간학회 1996 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.2 No.1
Background/aims:To evaluate the role of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Korea, we investigated the status of HBV and HCV infection in Korean patients with HCC. Methods:HBV DNA and HCV RNA were detected in the scrum from 45 unseiected patients with HCC.' by polymerase chain reaction. Resolts:Among 45 patients with HCC, 31 paticnts(68.9%) were positive for serum HBsAg. HBV DNA was detected in 24(77.4%) ot 31 HBsAg-positive patients and 6(42.8%) of 14 HBsAg-negative patients. Thirty-three patients(82.2'%) were positive for HBsAg and/or HBV DNA. Among 45 patients, anti-HCV was positive in 7 patients(15.5%) by first generation enzyme-linked immunoassay(EIA) and in 11 patients(24.4%) by second generation EIA. Anti-HCV positive patients by first generation EIA were all positive for anti-HCV by second generation EIA. HCV RNA was detected in 4 of ll anti-HCV-positive patients and 4 patients of 34 anti-HCV-negative patients. Among 45 patients, tifteen patients(33.3%) were positive for anti-HCV and/or HCV RNA. HCV infection was evident for 9(24.3%) of 37 patients with HBV infection and 6(75%) of 8 patients without HBV intection. Among 45 patients with HCC, only two patients(4.5%) were all negative for HBsAg, anti-HCV, HBV DNA and HCV RNA. Conchusions: These data suggest that HBV is thc main etiologic factor for HCC and HCV is considered another risk factor in some patients without evidence of HBV infection. HBV and HCV could be detected in spite of the absence of serological marker for viral infection.