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Question Regarding Rural Land Ownership Rights in Ethiopia
( Kassa Belay ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2003 Journal of Rural Development Vol.26 No.2
This study reveals that the land tenure system was the main obstacle to general rural development in the pre-land reform Ethiopia. Although the 1975 land reform freed the peasantry from merciless exploitation by the landlord class, through a series of misguided polices, the military regime placed the peasants before an impassable barrier. The study shows also that the current government maintains the state ownership of land and pursues policies concerning the allocation, transfer and redistribution of land that are closely akin to those of the military regime. Furthermore, the results of study point to the fact that state ownership of land and the latent fear of future redistribution have created a sense of uncertainty, which in turn is translated in reluctance to invest in long-term land improvement measures.
Coping With Drought among Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Communities in Eastern Ethiopia
( Kassa Belay ),( Fekadu Beyene ),( Winfried Manig ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2005 Journal of Rural Development Vol.28 No.2
This paper examines coping strategies of pastoral and agro- pastoral communities in six districts of Eastern Ethiopia. Data collected from a random sample of 360 households were used in the study. The results of the study indicate that the study area has been stricken by recurrent droughts since the early 1980s and that drought has increasingly devastating effects on the lives of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. In response to the degrading production environment, the pastoral and agro- pastoral communities become more provident and employ a variety of techniques to cushion themselves against contingencies. Moreover, the results of the study show that most of the coping strategies are aimed at counteracting the detrimental effects of droughts after their occurrence rather than identifying the root causes of droughts. Finally, we suggest the need for political actors to move from crisis management through emergency intervention to improving the capability to cope in changing environmental conditions.
Technical Efficiency of The Ethiopian Grain Mill Products Manufacturing Industry
Tedla Bekele,Kassa Belay 한국농촌경제연구원 2007 농촌경제 Vol.30 No.1
This study focuses on the estimation of technical efficiency of firms and the identification of the determinants of technical efficiency in the Ethiopian grain mill products manufacturing industry. A stochastic frontier production function model was estimated and the results indicate that technical efficiency levels of firms differ profoundly. Firm size and existence of book of accounts were positively related to the technical efficiency level of firms whereas higher number of products and byproducts was found to have an adverse impact on firms' technical efficiency level. It was also found that publicly owned enterprises are less technically efficient than privately owned ones.
( Adam Bekele ),( Kassa Belay ),( Belaineh Legesse ),( Tesfaye Lemma ) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 농촌경제 Vol.33 No.4
This paper examines the tradeoff between commercial orientation and crop productivity among smallholder farm households living in drought risk-prone areas of the central rift valley of Ethiopia. The study was built on the hypothesis that there is a one-way causation between commercial orientation and productivity. The relationship between commercial orientation and crop productivity is assessed in a censored simultaneous equation model framework. Results indicate that there is a unidirectional relationship with total factor productivity being influenced by the endogenous commercial orientation factor.
Getachew Ferede,Moges Tiruneh,Ebba Abate,Wondmeneh Jemberie Kassa,Yitayih Wondimeneh,Demekech Damtie,Belay Tessema 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-
OBJECTIVES: The Aedes mosquito is a vector for transmitting many arboviruses. Knowledge of the breeding habitat of this vector is vital for implementing appropriate interventions. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the breeding habitats and presence of Aedes mosquito species in the study areas. METHODS: A house-to-house cross-sectional survey of Aedes mosquito breeding habitats was carried out in Metema and Humera, Ethiopia, in August 2017. All available water-holding containers present in and around houses were inspected for the presence of immature stages of Aedes mosquitoes, and they were collected and reared to the adult stage for species identification. In the larval survey, the house index, container index, and Breteau index were computed as risk indices. RESULTS: Of the 384 houses surveyed for the presence of Aedes mosquito larval breeding, 98 were found to be positive for larvae. During the survey, a total of 566 containers were inspected, of which 186 were found to be infested with Aedes mosquito larvae, with a container index of 32.9, a house index of 25.5, and a Breteau index of 48.4. The most common Aedes mosquito breeding habitats were discarded tires (57.5%), followed by mud pots (30.0%). Of the 1,077 larvae and pupae collected and reared, Aedes aegypti (49.3%), Ae. vittatus (6.5%), and Culex species (44.2%) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Discarded tires were the most preferred breeding habitats for Aedes mosquitoes. Moreover, Ae. aegypti, the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, was identified for the first time in this region, suggesting a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the study areas.