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Classification of strawberry ripeness stages using machine learning algorithms and colour spaces
Karki Sijan,Basak Jayanta Kumar,Paudel Bhola,Deb Nibas Chandra,김나은,국정후,강명용,김현태 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.2
Accurate classifi cation of strawberry ripeness is a crucial aspect of ensuring high-quality food products, optimizing harvest ing and storage processes, and promoting consumer health. Although several non-destructive computer vision-based systems have been developed for this purpose, the infl uence of diff erent colour spaces on machine-learning model performance dur ing the ripeness stage classifi cation of strawberries remains underexplored. In this context, three machine-learning models, namely Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), support vector machine (SVM) and feed-forward artifi cial neural networks (FANN), were combined with four colour spaces (RGB, HLS, CIELab and YCbCr) and biometrical characteristics to evaluate the eff ectiveness of colour spaces on the performance of machine-learning models for classifying strawberry ripeness. For this purpose, 1210 samples were collected and manually classifi ed into four ripeness stages. A dataset was created by combining each colour space value, biometrical properties, and corresponding ripeness stage, which was used as inputs to the models. The results indicated that FANN with CIELab colour space achieved the highest accuracy of 96.7%, followed by GNB and SVM, both having equal accuracy of 95.46% in CIELab colour space. The least accuracy of 92.15% was observed in RGB colour space with the GNB classifi er. In this study, the unripe and over-ripe stages were more accurately classifi ed, while intermediate ripening stages proved to be more challenging for the models. Furthermore, the accuracy of models was observed to be infl uenced by both the colour space and classifi cation model selected. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate other features that could improve the performance of models for strawberry ripeness classifi cation.
A Study on Torrefaction of Sewage Sludge
( Karki Sujeeta ),( Poudel Jeeban ),오세천 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
Torrefaction of biomass can produce an energy dense and consistent quality solid biomass fuel for combustion and co-firing applications. This study presents the effects of torrefaction on the basic characteristics of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge was torrefied in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 200 °C to 550 °C, for heating rates 5, 10 and 15 °C/min. The torrefied sewage sludge was characterized in terms of their elemental composition, energy yield, ash content, and volatile fraction. The gaseous products were also analyzed.
Tumor-like Presentation of Tubercular Brain Abscess: Case Report
Karki, Dan B.,Gurung, Ghanashyam,Sharma, Mohan R.,Shrestha, Ram K.,Sayami, Gita,Sedain, Gopal,Shrestha, Amina,Ghimire, Ram K. Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2015 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.19 No.4
A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision of one month's duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence of an immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, except for papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for a slightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerized tomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric, slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with mass effect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma, metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla (3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with two concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between the concentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Post gadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancing nodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increased lactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at the wall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak without significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease in relative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestive of brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayish nodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioid cell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, were conclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation that simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS and magnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions in such equivocal cases.
Construction of Covalently Linked Caspase-9 Dimer and Its Biochemical Characterization
Karki, Pratap,Dahal, Giri Raj,Park, Il-Seon 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1
The activation of caspase-9 is best described by induced proximity model that postulates the dimer-driven assembly of monomeric caspase-9 in apoptosome as an activation mechanism. Further, the crystallographic structure of active caspase-9 has shown that termini of monomers lie quite close to each other. With an aim to analyze the role of dimehzation and proteolytic processing in activation, constitutively dimeric forms of caspase-9 were engineered by connecting termini of two caspase-9 molecules. These dimers could be overexpressed and purified in Escherichia coli. The recombinant dimers showed 2-fold increment in specific activity over their respective monomer that was lower than expected if dimerization is the only mechanisJi to activate caspase-9. Citrate, a well-known kosmotrope to enhance dimenzation, increased the activity of wild type monomer and dimer by -75 and -10 times respectively which was -5 times better than that of corresponding uncleavable mutant ones. The possible reason behind this failure of engineered dimers to mimic Apaf-l activated caspase-9 may lie in the distinctly different scenario of dimehzation in two cases or it may be the outcome of the defective design that restricted the complete dimehzation. However, this simple design could enable to produce constitutively dimeric caspase-9 with catalytic advancements over their monomers that may be helpful for future studies to elucidate the molecular mechanism of caspase-9 activation.
Karki, Sujita,Kesavulu, C.R.,Kim, H.J.,Kaewkhao, J.,Chanthima, N.,Ruangtaweep, Y. Elsevier 2018 Journal of luminescence Vol.197 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Silicoborate glasses with composition of (BSYCaSm:(55-x)B<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>+ 10SiO<SUB>2</SUB> +25Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> +10CaO + xSm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>), (where, x= 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, mol%) have been synthesized by using the well-known melt quenching technique. The present work deals with physical, optical, photoluminescence, X-ray luminescence and decay time studies of silicoborate glasses. Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ω<SUB>2,</SUB> Ω<SUB>4</SUB> and Ω<SUB>6</SUB>) and radiative properties for the important luminescent level of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> ions were derived by using the absorption spectrum of 0.3mol% Sm<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> doped glass. The luminescence spectra in the visible region was obtained due to <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>J</SUB> (5/2, 7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) transition of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> ion under 401nm excitation. The decay profile for the <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> level of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> ions was analyzed and found that for lower concentration (≤ 0.20mol%) it is single exponential in nature whereas for higher concentration (≥ 0.25mol%), it turns in to non-exponential due to the transfer of energy between donor (excited state Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>ion) and acceptor (ground state Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> ion). As the concentration of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> ions increases the decay time of <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> state decreases. The well-known Inokuti-Hirayama (IH) model was used for fitting the non-exponential decay curves where S = 6 indicates that energy transfer process is of dipole-dipole type. Hence, in the present work, intense transition of <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB>7/2</SUB> (601nm) is found to be suitable for reddish-orange laser emission. CIE chromaticity diagram has been performed for verifying the results of fluorescence in visible laser applications at 601nm.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Karki, Suman,Kim, Jin-Yong,Park, Si-Hyung,Kwon, Hyung-Jin The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemisty 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.3
GntK harbors methyltransferase-related cobalaminbinding domain and radical S-adenosylmethionine domain. The gntK-inactivation mutant of Micromonospora echinospora accumulated higher levels of gentamicin Cla and lower levels of gentamicin C1 and C2 isomers compared to the wild-type strain. Based on these results, we propose that GntK is involved in Cmethylation on C-6' in gentamicin X2 but is dispensable in gentamicin biosynthesis.