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Kanmani, Paulraj,Ansari, AbuZar,Villena, Julio,Kim, Hojun Hindawi 2019 Journal of immunology research Vol.2019 No.-
<P>Hepatic inflammation and injury may result from the translocation of pathological bacteria and their proinflammatory mediators. Probiotics attenuate hepatic diseases related to inflammation by exhibiting immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate lipid reduction and immunoregulatory potentials of probiotic bacteria in vitro. HepG2 cells treated with total cellular fluid (TCF) of LABs reduced lipid accumulation. Moreover, cells responded to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by producing higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-<I>α</I>. TCF of LABs treatment showed remarkably diminished levels of the expression of these cytokines via modulation of the expression of TLR-negative regulators, as well as MAPK and NF-<I>κ</I>B pathways. Moreover, heat-killed LABs were able to diminish TGF-<I>β</I>, IL-1<I>β</I>, and IL-6 and to increase IL-10 and TLR4 levels in THP-1 cells. LABs also decreased the protein level of TNF-<I>α</I>. These results demonstrated that immunobiotics exhibit potent immunoregulatory activity and may be used as effective therapeutic agents to alleviate inflammatory response.</P>
Paulraj Kanmani,Venkatesan Arul,Ramraj Satishkumar,Neelakandan Yuvaraj,Kupusamy Alagesan Paari,Vellaiyan Pattukumar 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.3
The aim of this study was to optimize medium composition for higher yield of total viable cells and bacteriocin by Enterococcus faecium MC13. The factors such as peptone, meat extract, yeast extract, lactose, glycerol, tween 80,triammonium citrate and K-2HPO_4 were selected based on the Lactobacillus MRS medium composition. Two level factorial designs (FD) and steepest ascent path were performed to identify vital factors among the variables. Through the 2^(−8)FD, peptone, yeast extract and lactose were found to be significant factors involved in the enhanced production of viable cells and bacteriocin. Therefore, these three foremost factors were further optimized by central composite design to achieve efficient yield. The optimum MRS composition was found to be peptone (40.0 g/L), meat extract (30.0 g/L),yeast extract (40.0 g/L), lactose (24.0 g/L), glycerol (5.8 g/L), Tween 80 (3.0 g/L), triammonium citrate (1.0 g/L), K_2HPO_4(2.5 g/L), MgSO_4·7H_2O (0.10 g/L), MnSO-4·7H_2O (0.05 g/L) and dipotassium PO_4 (2.0 g/L). The optimized growth medium allowed higher amount of bacteriocin activity (36,100 AUml^(−1)) and total viable cells (14.22 LogCFUml^(−1))production which were two-times higher than the commercial MRS medium.
Paulraj Kanmani,R. Satish Kumar,N. Yuvaraj,K. A. Paari,V. Pattukumar,Venkatesan Arul 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.6
The aim of the present study was to focus on the impact of two different methods and the effects of cryoprotectants on the survival of a probiotic bacterium,Streptococcus phocae PI80, during storage. For the protection of freeze dried cells, the optimal storage conditions were determined with a high survival rate. After the freeze drying process, all cryoprotectants exhibited a protective effect on cell viability at all storage temperatures. High relative cell viability was observed when cells were incubated at −20°C, which was optimum for the protection of S. phocae PI80. Trehalose was the most promising cryoprotectant at all temperatures during the storage period of bacterial cells. The combination of trehalose + skim milk showed more than 85% survivability compared to other combinations at −20°C for 60 days. In addition,encapsulation of probiotic cells into alginate-chitosan gel capsules showed better survival of S. phocae cells (5.468 ±0.15 LogCFU/mL) with high bacteriocin activity at −20°C for six months. The cell-loaded microcapsules remained stable when treated with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. After 6 h in vivo treatment, the capsules were found to be broken, releasing the probiotic cells directly into the intestinal system of rats. Therefore, microencapsulation was found to be the most efficient technique, which not only protected the cells for a longer time but also released the cells into the in vivo intestinal system.
Neelakandan Yuvaraj,Paulraj Kanmani,Ramraj Satishkumar,Alagesan Paari,Vellaiyan Pattukumar,Venkatesan Arul 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.8
The present study investigated the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii (Sw-SP) and seagrass Halophila ovalis (Ho-SP) in nociceptive and inflammatory models. In the formalin test, Sw-SP and Ho-SP significantly reduced licking time in both phases of the test at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive effect was observed only in animals treated with 10 mg/kg of Sw-SP and 5, 10 mg/kg of Ho-SP, suggesting that the analgesic effect occurs through a central action mechanism at the higher dose. Sw-SP and Ho-SP (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan, especially at 3 h after treatment and potentially decreased neutrophil migration by 53% and 52%, respectively. In Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, there was a significant increase in the rat paw volume and decrease in body weight, but in Sw-SP- and Ho-SP-treated groups (10 mg/kg), a significant reduction in paw volume and a normal gain in body weight were observed. The present results indicate that Sw-SP and Ho-SP possess antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and have potential usefulness for development as therapeutic agents.
Post-Processing of Laser Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 Using Laser Shock Peening
A. N. Jinoop,S. Kanmani Subbu,C. P. Paul,I. A. Palani 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.9
The components built using new generation feature based design and manufacturing process, called laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is inherited with tensile residual stress due to rapid heating and cooling during material processing. Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced surface engineering process that imparts beneficial compressive residual stresses into materials yielding longer product life by increasing the resistance to many surface-related failures, such as wear. LSP is widely used by various industries including aerospace, power generation, chemical processing, etc. to increase the life of engineering components. This paper reports LSP of LAM built Inconel 718 and the parametric study is conducted by varying peak laser power and number of shots at three different levels. Optimum laser power and number of shots derived using grey relational analysis is found to be 170 mW and 7, respectively for maximum hardness and minimum depth of profile. The investigation show that LSP changed the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the LAM built structure. The surface investigation using optical profilometer and Vickers micro-hardness shows a maximum profile depth of 10 μm and hardness of 360 HV. Residual stress measurement indicates compressive residual stress of 214.9–307.9 MPa on the LAM sample surface after LSP. The wear studies show an improvement by a factor of 1.70 for LSP treated LAM samples as compared to that of as-built condition. This study unwrap avenues for using LSP as property enhancement post-processing technique LAM fabricated structures with geometrical complexities.
R. Seetharam,Pagidi Madhukar,G. Yoganjaneyulu,S. Kanmani Subbu,M. J. Davidson 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4
Mathematical models are among the new approaches employed to predict the properties of any material under various conditions. Mathematical models are essential for not only understanding the material properties but also estimating the costof design, product life, and failure criteria of the product. Therefore, in the current investigation, the hot deformation (HD)behaviour and microstructure alteration of deformed AA7150-5 wt% B4Ccomposite was studied through a mathematicalmodel. The new AA7150-5 wt% B4C composite was fabricated through an ultrasonic-probe assisted (20 KHz, 1000 W)stir casting process. The hot compression test was performed on a hydraulic press for various deformation temperatures(623–773 K) and strain rates (0.01–1 s−1). Based on the outcome, it is inferred that the flow stresses and microstructuresof AA7150-5 wt% B4Ccomposite was significantly altered during the hot compression test under various deformationconditions. The constitutive and dynamically recrystallized grain (DRXed) models were developed as a function of variousdeformation conditions of deformed AA7150-5 wt% B4Ccomposite, which was then applied to forecast the flow stress andgrain size behaviour for different deformation conditions. The flow stress and DRXed grain size were obtained through theproposed constitutive and DRXed models are correlated with experimental results, with excellent accuracy. The modelsdeveloped are reliable to predict the AA7150-5 wt% B4Cproperties for various conditions.