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Dominantly epitaxial growth of graphene on Ni (111) substrate
Fogarassy, Z.,Rummeli, M.H.,Gorantla, S.,Bachmatiuk, A.,Dobrik, G.,Kamaras, K.,Biro, L.P.,Havancsak, K.,Labar, J.L. New York] ; North-Holland 2014 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.314 No.-
Graphene was grown on a Ni (111) thin layer, used as a substrate. The Ni layer itself was grown on single crystal sapphire (0001). Carbon was deposited by chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of methane, argon and hydrogen at atmospheric pressure implementing a constant gas flow (4.8-5l/min) varying both the gas composition and the deposition temperature (900-980<SUP>o</SUP>C) and cooling rate (8-16<SUP>o</SUP>C/min) in the different experiments. Formation of uninterruptedly grown epitaxial single layer graphene was observed over the Ni (111) thin film substrate. Epitaxial growth was proven through STM measurements. Electron diffraction studies, also confirmed by STM, demonstrated that only one dominant orientation exists in the graphene, both results providing evidence of the epitaxial growth. On top of the, continuous, large area graphene flakes were also observed with sizes varying between 10nm and 10μm. Most of the top flakes are turbostratically related to the continuous underlying epitaxial graphene layer. The formation of the graphene layer with constant dominant orientation was observed over millimeter wide areas. Large areas (~20-40μm in diameter) of continuous, epitaxial graphene, free of additional deposits and flakes were obtained for the best set of growth parameters.
Room Temperature Magnetic Detection of Spin Switching in Nanosized Spin‐Crossover Materials
Hung, Tran Quang,Terki, Ferial,Kamara, Souleymane,Dehbaoui, Mourad,Charar, Salam,Sinha, Brajalal,Kim, CheolGi,Gandit, Philippe,Gural'skiy, Il'ya A.,Molnar, Gabor,Salmon, Lionel,Shepherd, Helena J.,Bou WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Angewandte Chemie Vol.125 No.4
<P><B>Ein Prototyp</B> eines SQUID‐artigen magnetometrischen Messgeräts, das Schaltvorgänge in Spin‐Crossover‐Nanopartikeln bei Raumtemperatur indirekt detektiert, wurde entwickelt und an Nanopartikeln aus [Fe(hptrz)<SUB>3</SUB>](OTs)<SUB>2</SUB> getestet (hptrz=4‐Heptyl‐1,2,4‐triazol, OTs=<I>p</I>‐Toluolsulfonyl). Der mikromagnetometrische Ansatz hat klare Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen SQUID‐ und Nano‐SQUID‐Techniken.</P>
Tarawally Musa,Xu Wenbo,Kursah Matthew Biniyam,Kamara Augustine Bai 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.6
The use of a single date remotely sensed image to represent seasonal land surface temperature (LST) is a common practice whose reliability has not been tested, even though that might be unrepresentative of the season. Through remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper examined the effects of using a single date image to represent the whole season by quantifying the intra-seasonal (intra- and inter-month) LST variations in Freetown (coastal city) and Bo (inland city), Sierra Leone. Multi-date Landsat images within three months (two images per month) in the dry season were used to retrieve the LST using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold method. The results showed that the spatial structures of LST were not uniform on different dates during the same season in both cities. LST differed by as much as 2 C for scenes within the same month and as much as 4 C between scenes of different months. The results also showed that the highest intra- and inter-month LST variations were recorded in Freetown than in Bo. This is attributed to the combined influences of the proximity to the ocean, the mountain ranges and surface characteristics in Freetown. Thus, within a season, urban surface temperature varies not just in space based on the surface characteristics but also the variations between two urban areas could be significantly high. This renders surface temperature analysis based on a single date image unrepresentative due to the inability to incorporate such variability. The use of multi-date images could be more representative and can improve studies on urban LST.
Seyoung Park,Ki-Sang Song,Abdul Md Mokter Hossain,Aboubacaar Jallow,Aristarick Lekule,Mohammed Kamara,Ramvinay Singh,Salma Begum APEC국제교육협력원 2014 Asia-Pacific Cybereducation Journal Vol.10 No.2
Regional education experts from various developing countries (Bangladesh, Nepal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, The Gambia) of west Africa and Asia-Pacific regions and experts in ICT in education from Korea cooperated to analyze the current situation of ICT utilization for schools in developing countries. From their research and reflections of participants' countries situation following things are recommended to be considered with priorities. Firstly, the expected problems and difficulties of introducing ICT in developing country schools from six levels including (teachers level, schools level and communities level). Then, solutions thereto are derived for the following six aspects: motivation of teachers, awareness building, Funds, ICT training for teachers, ICT equipment for the teachers, transparency and accountability.