Caffeine-loaded gold nanoparticles conjugated with PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer for in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity

Kamalakannan Reena,MANI GAJENDIRAN,Muthusamy Prabakaran,Susaimanickam Arul Antony,김교범 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.51 No.-

The purpose of the study was to develop caffeine-loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a poly(lacticacid)-polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic acid) (PLA-PEG-PLA) polymer to enhance the anti-inflammatoryactivity of caffeine. Caffeine-loaded AuNPs were conjugated to PLA-PEG-PLA copolymer matrix viap-back bond between AuNPs and the ester carbonyl group of the polyester. The p-back bonded estercarbonyl oxygen strongly interacted with the caffeine molecule and exhibited enhanced antiinflammatoryactivity. The physico-chemical characteristics of the resulting nanoconjugates wereevaluated by a series of microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic methods. In vitro assays indicatedincreasing membrane stabilization of red blood cells and enhanced inhibition of protein denaturation

A study on novel coupled membrane bioreactor with electro oxidation for biofouling reduction

Kamalakannan Vasanthapalaniapp,Kavitha Palani,Shanmuga Sundar Saravanabhavan,Narendranath Jonna,Maharaja Pounsamy,Kannan Natarajan,Yun Suk Huh,Balasubramanian Natesan 대한환경공학회 2021 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.26 No.4

Lead is the most globally bountiful harmful substantial component in nature. Its utilization can be followed to verifiable occasions. The current work archives the combination, portrayal, and utilization of bentonite/chitosan/NiFe₂O₄ ternary novel nanocomposite. Nanostructured nickel ferrite was joined with chitosan and bentonite to frame a novel ternary nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was portrayed by FT-IR, powder XRD, VSM, and TEM investigation. All the logical outcomes affirm the fruitful arrangement of ternary composite. The as-blended nanomaterial was applied as nanoadsorbent for the evacuation of lead (II) from water. The ideal composite portion was 50㎎/100㎖ was seen as profoundly powerful for the evacuation of 82% Pb (II) particles from 200 ppm watery arrangement. This ferromagnetic, minimal effort, the eco-accommodating nanocomposite may end up being helpful for the expulsion of lead from watery arrangement at the mechanical level.

Influence of thermal insulation and wind velocity on the SMA actuator for morphing applications

Kamalakannan G. M.,Giresh Kumar Singh,Ananda C. M. 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.9

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators for morphing micro air vehicles (MAVs) when exposed to high-velocity wind during flight. The specific operating conditions include thermal insulation, varying convective heat-transfer coefficients due to wind velocity, aerodynamic loads, and operation from MAV battery. Application-oriented modeling parameters were determined from a flyable morphing MAV. The simulation could dynamically generate the morphing angle as a function of the electrical input pulse duty cycle. The model showed that compared with 10 % duty cycle, a 25 % duty cycle achieves an energy saving of 33 % and an increase in actuation speed of 3.7 times. Further, increasing the duty cycle has a negligible improvement in energy saving, but the actuation rate is increased by 15.8 times. The SIMULINK ® model, which was validated through the ground test, would help in the design of SMA actuators and controllers for aerospace vehicles and automobiles.

Toxicity of Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) leaf extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Siva Kamalakannan,Kadarkarai Murugan,Donald R. Barnard 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.1

Alternative control strategies for the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) include botanical insecticides. They are believed to pose little threat to the environment or to human health and may provide practical substitutes for synthetic insecticides. In this study, we determined the biological activities of methanol extracts of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) and Achyranthes aspera L (Amaranthaceae) leaves individually and in combination as botanical insecticides against Ae. aegypti. Based on LC_50 values for 4th instar Ae. aegypti, the combined extracts showed the strongest larvicidal activity (277 ppm). A. aspera and A. indica extracts individually gave similar results (409 and 420 ppm, respectively). Respective LC_50 values for pupae were 326 ppm, 456 ppm, and 467 ppm. In studies of smoke toxicity, 64% of females exposed to negative control smoke (no extract) blood fed on chicken, whereas 17% blood fed when exposed to smoke containing A. aspera extract and to positive control smoke (0.2% d-allethrin). In the field, treatment of water storage tanks (≈0.5 m^3) with combined plant extract reduced larval and pupal populations by 97% and 81%, respectively,after 5 days. Given the results of this study, further evaluation of the combined (A. indica + A. aspera) extract as a mosquito larvicide is warranted. Mosquito coils with A. aspera extract also show promise as a practical and potentially economical means for mitigating mosquito blood feeding.

Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ on the Dual-Atoms Anchored N6-Graphene Catalyst. A Theoretical Approach

( Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan ),함형철 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.0

Evaluation of Growth and Wood Traits in E. camaldulensis and Interspecific Eucalypt Hybrid Clones Raised at Three Diverse Sites in Southern India

Rathinam Kamalakannan,Suraj Poreyana Ganapathy,Shri Ram Shukla,Mohan Varghese,Chandramana Easwaran Namboothiri Jayasree 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2023 Journal of Forest Science Vol.39 No.1

Twenty-five Eucalyptus clones (14 E. camaldulensis - EC and 11 interspecific eucalypt hybrid clones - EH) grown in three contrasting sites were evaluated for the growth and few wood traits at 4 years of age. The stability, genotype-site interaction and suitability of these clones for pulp and solid wood industry sectors were studied. Growth of eucalypt clones was significantly higher at site 1 with higher rainfall, but wood density did not differ significantly from lower rainfall sites. Kraft pulp yield (KPY) decreased from sites 1 to 3 based on moisture availability, but not between two groups of clones. Volumetric shrinkage (VS) was significantly higher in EC clones at site 3 with lowest rainfall, but there was no specific trend at other two sites with maximum (site 1) and intermediate (site 2) rainfall. The mechanical traits modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were at par in sites 1 and 2, but significantly lower at the driest site 3. The growth rate had a significant positive correlation with KPY, MOR and MOE and a negative correlation with VS, but no significant impact on wood density in both groups of clones. Genotype×environment interaction (G×E) was evident in most traits due to the difference in response of clones to moisture availability. Since wood density was negatively correlated to KPY, it has to be kept at an optimum level for the profitability of pulp industry. There was no significant difference between EC and EH clones for most traits except VS at site 3. Stability of clones varied across sites in different traits, and hence clones may be selected for deployment at each site by screening for growth, followed by wood density, considering the relationship of growth and density with other traits required by pulp and solid wood industry sectors.

인도의 채종림 2개 집단에서 년도별 개화량 변이와 이의 유효집단크기에 대한 영향

강규석,박지민,( R. Kamalakannan ),( M. Varghese ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

Seed is the most commonly used reproductive forest material. There are three practical ways of improving the genetic quality and productivity of forests: 1) by using seeds from appropriate provenances or good trees; 2) by collecting seeds from registered seed stands; 3) by supplying genetically improved seeds collected from seed orchards. A seed production area is defined as a plus stand that is upgraded and opened by removal of undesirable individuals and then cultured for early and abundant seed production. The seed stand provides a useful interim measure to obtain seed of improved genetic quality until more intensively selected material is available from seed orchards. Seeds collected from registered seed stands give some level of genetic improvement including adaptability, vigor and tree form, through eliminating poor genotypes and seed collection from vigorous trees. We investigated the amount of flowering of two tropical tree species in India. There was a large variation of growth and flowering characteristics among individual trees in seed stands of Tamarindus indica and Azadirachta indica in southern India. The percentage of fertile trees was higher in 2007 than in 2006. The good male flowering individuals also showed good female fruit production. Highly significant correlations among growth characters, male flowering and fruit production were found for both species. There was a great deviation of parental contribution from expectation; 20% of individuals contributed about 70% male flower and female fruit production in both species. Femaleness index showed that contribution between female and male in the good flowering year was more balanced, compared to the poor flowering year. The coefficients of variations of male flower and female fruit production were higher at the poor flowering year than at the good one. This was coupled with the fertility variation among individuals and the effective number of parent. In T. indica, the contribution of female parent was close to more equal than that of male parent. In A. india, however, the female fertility variation was larger than the male fertility variation among individuals. The relative effective numbers of male and female parents were low under the two consecutive years. When combined both male and female fertility variation, the relative effective number of parent was increased. The management option of equal seed harvest among individuals gave the improvement of fertility variation and thus increased the effective number of parent, compared with harvesting all seeds.

Occupational Heat Stress Impacts on Health and Productivity in a Steel Industry in Southern India

Krishnamurthy, Manikandan,Ramalingam, Paramesh,Perumal, Kumaravel,Kamalakannan, Latha Perumal,Chinnadurai, Jeremiah,Shanmugam, Rekha,Srinivasan, Krishnan,Venugopal, Vidhya Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.1

Background: Workers laboring in steel industries in tropical settings with high ambient temperatures are subjected to thermally stressful environments that can create well-known risks of heat-related illnesses and limit workers' productivity. Methods: A cross-sectional study undertaken in a steel industry in a city nicknamed "Steel City" in Southern India assessed thermal stress by wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and level of dehydration from urine color and urine specific gravity. A structured questionnaire captured self-reported heat-related health symptoms of workers. Results: Some 90% WBGT measurements were higher than recommended threshold limit values ($27.2-41.7^{\circ}C$) for heavy and moderate workloads and radiational heat from processes were very high in blooming-mill/coke-oven ($67.6^{\circ}C$ globe temperature). Widespread heat-related health concerns were prevalent among workers, including excessive sweating, fatigue, and tiredness reported by 50% workers. Productivity loss was significantly reported high in workers with direct heat exposures compared to those with indirect heat exposures ($x^2=26.1258$, degrees of freedom = 1, p < 0.001). Change in urine color was 7.4 times higher among workers exposed to WBGTs above threshold limit values (TLVs). Conclusion: Preliminary evidence shows that high heat exposures and heavy workload adversely affect the workers' health and reduce their work capacities. Health and productivity risks in developing tropical country work settings can be further aggravated by the predicted temperature rise due to climate change, without appropriate interventions. Apart from industries enhancing welfare facilities and designing control interventions, further physiological studies with a seasonal approach and interventional studies are needed to strengthen evidence for developing comprehensive policies to protect workers employed in high heat industries.

Development of integrated membrane bioreactor and numerical modeling to mitigate fouling and reduced energy consumption in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Kavitha Nagarasampatti Palani,Nithya Ramasamy,Kamalakannan Vasantha Palaniappan,허윤석,Balasubramanian Natesan 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.76 No.-

This work focus to alleviate the fouling in Membrane bioreactor (MBR) by integrating electrooxidation,adsorptive cake, bio-film carriers and ozonation referred as Integrated Moving Bed Bioreactor (IMBBR). The total organic carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)removal were observed as above 95%, 95% and 70% at 300 kPa with theflux increase in 35%. The numericalmodel was developed which proved less fouling which was in agreement with Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (LCMS). This study showed lessenergy consumption without the problem offilamentous bulking.

Development of sequential batch ozonated adsorptive membrane bioreactor to mitigate fouling with reduced energy consumption

Kavitha Nagarasampatti Palani,Darshini Saravanan,Kamalakannan Vasantha Palaniappan,Shanmuga Sundar,N Balasubramanian 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.2

The present study focuses on overcoming the drawback as fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), which can be alleviated by integrating advanced oxidation process, adsorption, and biofilm carriers in the activated sludge process. The optimal sludge retention time, carbon and ozone dosage was 150 minutes, 15 g and 1.5 Lmin−1, respectively. The percentage removal was observed to be above 90% for chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon whereas for total dissolved solids was only 40% under transmembrane pressure of 20 kPa. The increase in permeate flux was 30% as compared to MBR. Sequential batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) showed 12% reduction in energy consumption for three hour operation at the flow rate of 0.72 L/h (transmembrane pressure 20 kPa), and it was confirmed in the SEM of carbon, membrane, UV, CV and HPLC also. The energy consumption required also confirms the less internal fouling via the extended backwash of four hours.