Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

信息技術發展與嚴播組織權利保護制度的重塑

胡開忠 東國大學校 比較法文化硏究所 2008 比較法硏究 Vol.8 No.2

Abstract: Owing to great development of contemporary information technology, it is easier to transmit broadcast programs illegally, thus the rights of broadcast organization are menaced to be violated seriously increasingly, however, the protection system of broadcast organization based on the Roman Convention does not meet the demands of information technology development gradually. So international intellectual property organization has managed and drew up new plan for broadcast organization rights protection and enlarged the rights of broadcast organization ,but the plan is also criticized by the governments and corporations in some developing countries and some developed countries. We should pay close attention to the newest trends of rights protection of international broadcast organization, make timely amendment on our Copyright Law, and pay attention to protection of the justified interests of the public while protecting broadcast organization rights.

아동의 학습준비도의 성취동기, 가정 및 지역환경과의 관계(I)

정계숙 부산대학교 사범대학 1988 교사교육연구 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables related with preschool children's learning readiness. Children's motivational factor, home environment factors(parent's achievement pressure, play materials of home) and community factors (achievement pressure of community, educational resources of community) were selected as independent variables on the basis of review previous researches. The subjects of the study were 105 kindergarten children (61boys, 44girls) and their mothers in city and rural area. 'School Readiness Test', 'Children's Achievement Test(Nalongyee)' and questionnaire about home and community environment were administered to them. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Preschool children's learning readiness correlated with their achievement motivation positively (r=.27) and r of urban children was higher than that of rural children. But between two areas was not significant. 2. Preschool children's learning readiness positively correlated with parent's achievement pressure and play materials of home (r=,19, .43). Correlation between rural children's readiness and play materials was higher than that of urban children, but not significant. 3. Preschool children's learning readiness have significant correlation with educational resource of community (r=.32), but not with achievement pressure of community. Only urban children have two significant correlation coefficients between learning readiness and community variables. In the case of achievement pressure of community the difference of correlation between two areas was significant. 4. There were some significant moderate relationships between independent variables. But degrees of those some correlations between them were significantly different in urban and rural subjects. 5. Dependent variable was explained 23% by 5 independent variables, especially play materials of home and children's achievement motivation were the most predictable variables. Degree of explanation were different in urban and rural children.

통합교육을 위한 부모교육 프로그램 개발의 기초 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 1999 교사교육연구 Vol.37 No.-

교육연극을 적용한 집단상담프로그램이 유아의 친사회적 행동 증진에 미치는 영향 : 또래관계 형성이 어려운 유아를 중심으로

정계숙,김미정,김정은 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2002 영유아보육연구 Vol.8 No.-

This study examined the applicability of creative drama to group intervention for poorly accepted elementary school children. The study was one of the planned variations study series for identifying the effectiveness of the social and emotional difficulties or developmental delays by the Child Counselling and Intervention Center Child Educare Research Institute, PNU since 1998. The goal of the program was to improve prosocial behavior through creative drama on emotion regulation and social skill. The subjects were 6 children, age 10∼13, with poorly accepted elementary school children. The program was composed of total 16 sessions for 16 weeks. Each session was implemented for 90 minutes by intervenient. Every child was observed and recorded on 3∼4 target behaviors after the 4th session. The behavior episodes of each of children were described through all sessions by the assigned observers for each child. The effects of the program were described with qualitative analysis and the behavior episodes related each child's target behaviors. The changes of target behaviors and other related prosocial behaviors of children were different to children. It was concluded that the group intervention program intended to improve prosocial behavior through the creative drama was generally effective for poorly accepted children.

집단 미술치료 중재 프로그램을 통한 유아의 사회,정서 행동 문제 개선 효과 연구

정계숙,구정희 부산유아교육학회 2004 유아교육논총 Vol.13 No.-

본 연구는 사회 ·정서행동 문제를 가진 유아를 대상으로 집단미술치료 중재 프로그램을 실시하고 집단미술치료 중재프로그램이 유아의 사회 정서행동 문제의 개선에 효과가 있는가를 검토해 보았다. 4, 5세 아동 4명을 대상으로 회기 당 90뿐씩 총 16회기 동안 프로그램을 실시한 후, 각 유아별로 사회 정서행동 문제에 대하여 관찰기록과 비디오 녹화, 교사와 부모와의 면담결과를 중심으로 그 변화틀 질적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 집단미술치료 중재 프로그램은 유아의 행동문제의 유형에 따라 개인차는 있으나 유아의 다양한 사회·정서적 행동문제의 개선에 효과적이었다. The study aimed to examine the effects of a group art therapy intervention program for young children with social and emotional problem behaviors on improving the problem behaviors. The program developed on the basis of natural intervention approach was consisted of group art therapy activity, free play and interaction time including snack time, hello time and evaluation time. It run for 90 minutes once a week through conjecutive 16 weeks. The data from observation sheet of social and emotional problem behaviors and interviewing sheet for mothers and teachers was analyzed for each child. With some individual differences each child's problem behaviors were remarkably improved. The result were discussed on the point of developing group art therapy intervention program for young children with social and emotional difficulties.

놀이중심 사회적 능력 향상 프로그램의 효과 연구:친구가 없는 유아를 대상으로

정계숙,박명화 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2000 영유아보육연구 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the group intervention program for friendless young children on enhancement of their social competence. The study was one of the planned variations study series for identifying the effectiveness of the Social Competence Program developed for children with social and emotional difficulties or developmental delays by the Child Counseling and Intervention Center, Child Educare Research Institute, PNU since 1998. The goal of the program was to improve social competence through the therapeutic play activities on social skills and self-esteem for friendless young children. The subjects were 4 young children who had few friends. The program was composed of total 12 sessions for 12 weeks. Each session was implemented for 90 minutes by 2 interveners. Every child was observed and recorded on 2 target behaviors and related social behaviors after the 2-3th session. The behavior episodes of each of children were described through all sessions by the assigned observers for them and video taped automatically. The effects of the program were described with qualitative analysis of the test scores, the behavior episodes and frequencies of target behaviors of each child. In result, each subject showed different changes of target behaviors and other related social behaviors. But most of children became to feel more confident by themselves and be sociable. It was concluded that the group intervention program for improvement of social competence through therapeutic play activities was generally effective for friendless young children.

裡里市 公園開發에 關한 硏究 : Centering around Pai San Park

郭桂煥 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.2

For the establishment of the inclination of a large Park in middle or Small city is apt to fail many reasons, the establishment of the in clination of the Park in IRi City of which the terrain is plain has to regard the line of movility of citizen and has to develop in small Park and has to emphasize the following : 1. We has to take advantage of the open space which is barren or marsh and has to develop plain. 2. The establishment of on pulclic athletic field is impossible for the national budget and has retain the nonofficial fund.

경증 지적 지체유아 통합학급에서의 교육연극 활용 연구

정계숙 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

This study aimed to examine applicability of creative drama to the inclusive classrooms for changing attitudes of general children toward mentally retarded peers and promoting social interactions between them, and suggest an example of administration of a creative drama activity program. Most of inclusive teachers have difficulties for managing their classrooms because they didn't have informations enough about children with disabilities and teaching strategies. Social interaction between children with and without disabilities is a most important benefit of inclusion. Thus, inclusive teachers need the natural intervention strategies for promoting positive relationship between children. Children, even mildly mentally retarded ones, enjoy imagination and dramatic play. Creative drama has various educational and developmental meanings. It is a educational process of making a drama by collaboration and a process of self-development for all children through various experiences with emotional regulation, socially maturational behaviors and free verbal and non-verbal self-expression. Most of all, it doesn't need for inclusive teachers to be trained about the structured intervention strategies based on behavioral learning theories, distancing from developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education. By these points creative drama can be used as a natural routine activity of a preschool daily schedule successfully. It concluded that creative drama could be a effective strategy for changing negative attitudes of general young children toward peers with mild mental retardation and establishing positive relationship between children with and without disabilities.

釜山市人口增加率에 따른 上水道擴張計劃에 對한 上水道의 動脈線(上)

尹快俊 東亞大學校 1964 東亞論叢 Vol.2 No.2

Water is one of the most indispensable necessaries in human life. Though at present towards 68waterworks facilities supply no less than 600,000 ton of clean water, whose rate per capita for a day shows lower compared with the advanced countries.In five great cities including Seoul in this country,they are desparately in shortage of water supply for both drink and engineering. In this thesis, the writer tries to revise all kinds of short-sighted means of waterworks Pusan City has initially established with streamlets only, into a large-scaled one in preparation for a prompt population increase by not later than 1985 with groping some main artery water lines. As the table 9 shows, the annual rainfall does'nt suffice the total necessary amount for expanding population, so Pusan City is strenuously probing for an artificial means of waterworks, cultivating flumes of Naktong River with both routes of "Naktong-Hoedong" and "Mulkum-Kupo". However, The plan of water conduction from Naktong River much deviates from a standard one in the points that water does'nt be irrigated in clean re-servior from its conducting position, only passing through Hoedong Reservior with such preferable points as followings: 1. Standing water in Hoedong Reservior is capable to avail all the year round 2. In rainy season drawing works might be saved, 3. Flume pipes necessary for futher waterworks in preparation for popula-tion increase would much be cut down, etc. In near future, with expansion of the city,said "Mulkum-Kupo" route would be supplemented by the "Sasang-Hoedong-Kamchon"line as a subsidiary route. This plan will perhaps curtail lots of flume pipes,making profitable in hydrau-lic pressure disposition. From this point of view,demand for water supply to Pusan City will be de-pendent mainly upon Naktong River for 10 years hereafter,and for the increased population in Pusan by 1985,the Mulkum-Kupo route would fairly be competent together with for its coastal area.