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Ka Shing Cheung,Lok Ka Lam,Rex Wan Hin Hui,Xianhua Mao,Ruiqi R Zhang,Kwok Hung Chan,Ivan FN Hung,Wai Kay Seto,Man-Fung Yuen 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
Background/Aims: Studies of hepatic steatosis (HS) effect on COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity are lacking. We aimed to compare immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac among moderate/severe HS and control subjects. Methods: Two hundred ninety-five subjects who received BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines from five vaccination centers were categorized into moderate/severe HS (controlled attenuation parameter ≥268 dB/m on transient elastography) (n=74) or control (n=221) groups. Primary outcomes were seroconversion rates of neutralising antibody by live virus Microneutralization (vMN) assay (titer ≥10) at day21 (BNT162b2) or day28 (CoronaVac) and day56 (both). Secondary outcome was highest-tier titer response (top 25% of vMN titer; cutoff: 160 [BNT162b2] and 20 [CoronaVac]) at day 56. Results: For BNT162b2 (n=228, 77.3%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 71.7% vs. 76.6%; day56: 100% vs. 100%) or vMN geometric mean titer (GMT) (day21: 13.2 vs. 13.3; day56: 91.9 vs. 101.4) among moderate/severe HS and control groups respectively. However, lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients had highest-tier response (day56: 5.0% vs. 15.5%; P=0.037). For CoronaVac (n=67, 22.7%), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (day21: 7.1% vs. 15.1%; day56: 64.3% vs. 83.0%) or vMN GMT (5.3 vs. 5.8,) at day28. However, moderate/severe HS patients had lower vMN GMT (9.1 vs. 14.8, P=0.021) at day 56 with lower proportion having highesttier response (21.4% vs. 52.8%, P=0.036). Conclusions: While there was no difference in seroconversion rate between moderate/severe HS and control groups after two doses of vaccine, a lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients achieved highest-tier response for either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac.
Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy with Foreign Capital
( Michael Ka Yiu Fung ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1995 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.10 No.2
Utilizing a two-sector general equilibrium model, the implications of a tax-financed fiscal expansion in a small open economy with or without internationally capital mobility are studied. Various welfare implications are shown to be possible. Conditions for different cases to happen are derived and discussed in the paper.
Peter Ka-Fung Chiu,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Wai-Man Lee,Chi-Hang Yee,Eddie Shu-Yin Chan,See-Ming Hou,Chi-Fai Ng 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.5
Purpose: We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10–20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). Materials and Methods: All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), %free-to-total PSA (%fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results: From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI<35, 22.8% in PHI 35–55, and 54.5% in PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI<35, 7.9% for PHI 35–55, and 36.4% for PHI>55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Conclusions: Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10–20 ng/mL and normal DRE.
Hui Ka-Yin,Fung James,Cheung Ka-Shing,Mak Lung-Yi,Seto Wai-Kay,Yuen Man-Fung 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.2
Background/Aims: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance remains uncommon in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. During acute flares of CHB (AFOCHB), alanine aminotransferase elevation reflects a mounting immune response toward viral clearance. We hypothesized that severe AFOCHB is associated with a greater quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) decline and HBsAg seroclearance rate. Methods: A total of 75 patients with severe AFOCHB with alanine aminotransferase 10× the upper limit of normal were matched to a control group by age and sex in a 1:2 ratio. qHBsAg levels were measured at the time of flare and annually (for both cases and controls) until the last follow-up. Results: The median follow-up times for patients with severe AFOCHB and controls were 8.8 and 10.5 years, respectively. The cumulative rate of HBsAg seroclearance was higher in the severe AFOCHB group than in the control group (11.8% vs 5.0%, p=0.04) despite the former group having a trend of a higher baseline median qHBsAg (3,127 IU/mL vs 1,178 IU/mL, p=0.076). Compared with the control group, the severe AFOCHB group had a greater annual qHBsAg reduction (–242.4 IU/mL/yr vs –47.3 IU/mL/yr, p=0.002). Increasing age (p=0.049), lower baseline qHBsAg (p=0.002), and severe AFOCHB (p=0.014) were independently associated with HBsAg seroclearance. However, the cumulative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher in the severe AFOCHB group than in the control group (15.8% vs 1.9%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Severe AFOCHB was associated with a greater incidence of HBsAg seroclearance and qHBsAg decline. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Should Foreign Capital Be Taxed for Fiscal Expansion?
( Michael Ka Yiu Fung ),( Jin Li Zeng ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.3
This paper studies the income distribution implications of a fiscal expansion financed by foreign capital in a small open economy. Utilizing a multi-sector general equilibrium model, four results are derived for a stable equilibrium: (1) domestic private agents` welfare may be reduced by fiscal expansion even if agents do not finance the expansion; (2) the fiscal authority`s welfare may be reduced by fiscal expansion even if more resources are allocated for the authority`s consumption; (3) the after-tax rental income of the foreign capital`s owners may be increased even if they finance the fiscal expansion; and (4) fiscal spending may be contractionary for domestic residents (private agents and fiscal authority) even if the spending is financed by non-residents. (JEL Classification: F20, H30)
Ka Shing Cheung,Chiu Hang Mok,Xianhua Mao,Ruiqi Zhang,Ivan FN Hung,Wai Kay Seto,Man Fung Yuen 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.4
Background/Aims: Data of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine immunogenicity among chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) patients are conflicting. We performed meta-analysis to examine vaccine immunogenicity regarding etiology, cirrhosis status, vaccine platform and type of antibody. Methods: We collected data via three databases from inception to February 16, 2022, and reported pooled seroconversion rate, T cell response and safety data after two vaccine doses. Results: Twenty-eight (CLD only: 5; LT only: 18; both: 2; LT with third dose: 3) observational studies of 3,945 patients were included. For CLD patients, seroconversion rate ranged between 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76–90%) and 91% (95% CI, 83–95%), based predominantly on neutralizing antibody and anti-spike antibody, respectively. Seroconversion rate was 81% (95% CI, 76–86%) in chronic hepatitis B, 96% (95% CI, 93–97%) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 85% (95% CI, 75–91%) in cirrhosis and 85% (95% CI, 78–90%) in non-cirrhosis, 86% (95% CI, 78–92%) for inactivated vaccine and 89% (95% CI, 71–96%) for mRNA vaccine. The pooled seroconversion rate of anti-spike antibody was 66% (95% CI, 55– 75%) after two doses of mRNA vaccines and 88% (95% CI, 58–98%) after third dose among LT recipients. T cell response rate was 65% (95% CI, 30–89%). Prevalence of adverse events was 27% (95% CI, 18–38%) and 63% (95% CI, 39–82%) among CLD and LT groups, respectively. Conclusions: CLD patients had good humoral response to COVID-19 vaccine, while LT recipients had lower response.
( Ka Wing Ma ),( Kenneth Siu Ho Chok ),( Albert Chi Yan Chan ),( James Yan Yue Fung ),( Chung Mau Lo ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Salvage liver transplantation (sLT) and repeated resection (RR) are effective treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comparison of the oncological outcomes between these two modalities were scarce. Methods: Consecutive patients admitted for either sLT or RR for recurrent HCC were recruited. All patients in the present series received either prior hepatectomy, ablative therapy or both before RR and sLT. Paedatric patients and patients treated by non-curative approach were excluded. Patient demographic, perioperative and outcome data were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed after propensity score matching. Results: There were 277 eligible patients recruited, 67 and 210 of them underwent sLT and RR respectively. Significant difference in preoperative haemoglobin, albumin, hepatitis B carrier status, MELD score, and tumor number were found (all P<0.001) between sLT and RR group. Multivariate analysis revealed that type of treatment (P=0.002, OR=2.13 95%CI 1.2-3.2), lapse time from last curative treatment (P=0.022, OR=0.994 95%CI 0.988-0.999), alpha fetal protein (AFP) (P=0.01 OR=1.00 95%CI 1.00-1.00) and tumor number (P<0.001, OR=1.23 95%CI 1.14-1.32) were independent factors associated with overall survival. After 1:3 PS matching, there were 36 sLT and 108 RS patients for comparison. The median age, MELD, AFP, tumor size and umber of the matched population were 57, 7.5, 16U/ml, 2.5cm and 1 respectively. There was no difference in the hospital mortality and complication rate (Clavien IIIa or above) between the groups, while the blood loss (P<0.001), operation time (P<0.001) and hospital stay (P=0.002) were significantly more in the sLT group. Patients in sLT group had significantly longer disease free (140 vs 49 months, P=0.031) and overall survival (176 vs 55.3 months, P=0.026). Conclusions: Salvage LT is superior to repeated resection for treatment of recurrent HCC and is associated with more than two fold increase in long term survival.
Oxidation states of Cu in the CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst in the methanol steam reforming process
Ka-lok Chiu,Fung-luen Kwong,Dickon H.L. Ng 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.4
The biomorphic CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 was used as a catalyst in methanol steam reforming (SRMe), and the reaction mechanism was studied. It was found that the oxidation states of Cu in the biomorphic sample would vary with the reaction temperature and they also affected the rate of the reaction. Below 200 ℃,SRMe would not occur, and the X-ray diffractometry study indicated that the CuO/CeO2/Al2O3 sample remained unchanged. Above 200 ℃, the SRMe occurred when CuO started to be reduced to Cu. As the reaction temperature increased, Cu reacted with CO2 and led to the formation of Cu2O during the reversed water gas shift reaction. Above 250 ℃, the conversion of MeOH to CO2 and H2 reached to a saturation of 95% even if the amount of metallic Cu was reduced to half of its original portion. This confirmed that both Cu and Cu2O were active components for promoting SRMe.