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황해 동남 해역의 수괴지표성 요각류 및 모악류의 분포와 수괴특성
박주석,이삼석,강영실,이병돈,허성회 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1993 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.1
Distribution of indicator species of copepods and chaetognaths were studied as an indicator species of water mass in the southeastern area of the Yellow Sea. Undinula darwini, Lucicutia flavicornis, Pleuromamma gracilis, Euchaeta resselli, Euchaeta plana and Sagitta enflata were found to be reliable indicator species for determining warm water mass. Of these species, E. plana and E. russelli have a weak tolerance on the low temperature. Sagitta crassa was indicator species of neritic waters: Sagitta bedoti was that of mixing waters. Centropages agdominalis represented neritic cold waters. In February U. darwini, L. flavicornis, P. gracilis, E. russelli, E. plana and S. enflata occurred in the western waters of Cheju-Do where warm waters over 14℃ occupied. Centropages abdominalis occurred in the northern area beyond Chindo with water temperature less than 10℃. E. plana, E. russelli and S. bedoti were found at the regions between Cheju-Do and Chindo where the water temperature was 12∼14℃ corresponding to the mixing waters. Based on cluster analysis and T-S diagram in February three different water masses were identified from the south to the north. In August, water masses were analyzed at two different layers, 0∼20m and 20m∼bottom layers, separated by thermocline depth. In 0∼20m layer, E plana and E. russelli were found from the western waters of Cheju-Do to Daehuksando. In 20m∼bottom layer, E. russelli and E. plana occurred at the northwestern waters of Cheju-Do with the water temperature warmer than 12℃. C. abdominalis was found at the northern area beyond Chindo. Based on the cluster analysis and T-S diagram in August three different water masses at 0∼20m and 20m∼bottom layers were identified from the coast to the offshore. C. abdominalis was found at the adjacent water of Chindo at 0∼20m layer and the northern area beyond Chindo at 20m∼bottom layer. This fact suggested that the cold water mass existed at the adjacent waters of Chindo in summer.
Kang, Young-Shil,Kim, Hak-Gyoon,Lim, Wol-Ae,Lee, Chang-Kyu,Lee, Sam-Geun,Kim, Sook-Yang The Korean Society of Oceanography 2002 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.37 No.4
Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom in 1995 was studied with a focus on an unusual coastal environment in the South Sea of Korea. Data on temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass during 1965-1998 and nutrients during 1990-1998 and chlorophyll-a during 1995-1998 were used in this study. These data were obtained from the serial oceanographic observations in Korean waters carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. In 1995 the C. polykrikoides bloom began in the coastal area around Narodo Island in August and consequently occurred to the whole coastal area of the South and East Seas of Korea. During June-October 1995, the coastal environment was unusual compared with the long-term means during 1965-1998. In June 1995, sea surface temperature was 1-2$^{\circ}C$ warmer than in other years in all coastal areas, while salinity was high only to the east of Jeju Island. In August 1995, a strong coastal front appeared inshore of a line between Jeju and Tsushima Islands. In particular, a strong coastal front which showed the characteristics of upwelling front occurred in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands, not only because of a strong intrusion of the Tsushima Warm Current but also because of the upwelling of cold bottom water. Salinity was low in the neighboring waters of western side of Jeju Island. Nutrients and chlorophyll-a were high in the inshore area between Narodo and Sorido Islands in 1995 in contrast with the other years and areas. Zooplankton showed an unusually high abundance in the coastal area in October 1995. We conclude that the Tsushima Warm Current strongly influenced the South Sea of Korea in 1995 and created strong upwelling front bordering cold upwelled water in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands. It leads us that these physical structures introduce the favorable environment for the development of C. polykrikoides blooms. We suggest that C. polykrikoides has a bio-physical tolerance of high shear and stress and prefers frontal and upwelling relaxed areas as its habitat. We also find that nutrients were not supplied to the coastal area from the offshore where a low salinity water mass with high nutrients appeared around Jeju Island. Because the strong upwelling front protect the reach of offshore low saline water mass. The main source of nutrients was the upwelled water mass in the coastal area of Wando-Narodo-Sorido.
Ecosystem Consequences of an Anomalously High Zooplankton Biomass in the South Sea of Korea
Kang, Young-Shil,Rebstock, Ginger-A. The Korean Society of Oceanography 2004 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.39 No.4
We used long time series of hydrographic and biological variables to examine the ecosystem consequences of a rare, anomalous event in the south sea of Korea. The highest zooplankton biomass in 36 years of sampling occurred in April 1997. Zooplankton biomass exceeded 2 times than the long-term mean at 35% of the stations. Copepod abundance was low in April and June and also failed to show a seasonal peak in 1997. Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) catches were very low in spring 1997 and 1999, in spite of a positive correlation between zooplankton biomass and mackerel catches at lags of 0, 12 and 24 months. It was discussed that a high zooplankton biomass with low copepod abundance in April 1997 resulted from unusual high temperature and salps abundance. Water temperatures were ca. $2^{\circ}C$ higher than the long-term mean at the surface. Salps and doliolids (thaliaceans), especially the warm-water species Doliolum nationalis, dominated the zooplankton. An unusual incursion of the Tsushima Warm Current may have transported the thaliaceans into the area and/or produced favorable conditions for a bloom. This study suggested that taxonomic composition of zooplankton was important to decide mackerel catches.
Kang, Young-Shil,Hong, Sung-Yun The Korean Society of Oceanography 1998 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.33 No.1
Variations in abundance, size and population structure of Calanus sinicus were studied in the southern waters of Korea in connection with hydrographic conditions during 1991-1992. Abundance was high in April and low in August. This species was concentrated inshore of a coastal temperature front, or around the temperature front in April. The 1st-3rd copepodites dominated in February and April, and adults in August. The mean population stages in February and April were younger than those in other survey months. This suggests that this species mainly reproduced during winter-early spring. In prosome length, the 1st-4th copepodites were larger in April than in other survey months, and the 5th copepodite and adult were the largest in February. Mean prosome length of C. sinicus showed weak inverse relationship with sea water temperature, but it was not statistically evidenced.
한국 남해 연안전선의 생물 화학적 특성 및 영양역학 구조
강영실(Young Shil Kang),전경암(Kyeong Am Jeon) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.1
Biological and chemical characteristics and trophodynamics in the frontal zone were investigated in the southern waters of Korea. Temperature, nutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, PO₄^(3-) -P, and SiO₂^- -Si) chlorophyll a and zooplankton were collected and analyzed along the two transects, the frontal zone and the non-frontal zone, in April, 1994. Nutrients were higher in the non-frontal zone than in the frontal zone. But chlorophyll a concentration was high in the frontal zone, particularly at the 20 m depth of the main frontal station (St. TII-2), where was located at the junction between the stratified layer and the non-stratified layer with the lowest nutrients. Zooplankton was more abundant in the frontal zone than in the non-frontal zone, particularly at the innermost station of the frontal zone. Copepods showed high composition rate more than 90% at all stations except the main frontal station (St. TII-2). At the main frontal station (St. TII-2), euphausiids and siphonophores were dominated. Chlorophyll a revealed a significant relationships with SiO₂^- -Si in both transects and copepods in the non-frontal zone. Copepods also showed very close relationship with siphonophores in the frontal zone. This suggests that the abundance of copepods could be controlled as bottom-up in the non-frontal zone and as top-down in the frontal zone.
한국 연안의 Paracalanus parvus 와 P . indicus 의 재기재
강영실 한국수산학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.3
한국 연안에서 Paracalanus parvus로 분류되어졌던 종에 대한 분류학적인 재검토를 하였다. 그 결과 한국연안에서 Paracalanus parvus로 분류되어져 왔던 종은 Paracalanus parvus와 Paracalanus indicus, 2종인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 두 종의 형태학적 특징 중 가장 뚜렷한 차이는 제2∼4유영지였다. Paracalanus parvus는 제2∼4유영지 외지 세번째 마디절 외연 말단부에 거치가 없으며, 제1기절에는 극점이 있다. P. indicus는 제2, 3유영지의 외지 세번째 마디절 외연 말단부에는 거치가 있으나, 제4유영지에는 없다. 또한, 제1기절에 극침이 있다. Paracalanus parvus and P. indicus collected in Korean coastal waters were redescribed to clarify taxonomical confusion. They showed the significant morphological difference in the 2nd∼4th swimming legs. In P. parvus the outer distal edge of 3rd segment of exopod of 2nd∼4th swimming legs is not serrated. The 1st basipodite has no spinules on the surface. In P. indicus the outer distal edge of 3rd segment of exopod of 2nd and 3rd swimming legs is serrated, while that of the 4th swimming leg is not. This species has the 1st basipodite with a lot of spinules on the surface.