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Kanas, Stanis lawa,Klimek-Smet, Dominika Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.3
Let ${\mathcal{S}}^0_{\mathcal{H}}$ be the class of normalized univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk. A subclass ${\mathcal{V}}^{\mathcal{H}}(k)$ of ${\mathcal{S}}^0_{\mathcal{H}}$, whose analytic part is function with bounded boundary rotation, is introduced. Some bounds for functionals, specially harmonic pre-Schwarzian derivative, described in ${\mathcal{V}}^{\mathcal{H}}(k)$ are given.
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Stanislawa Kanas,Dominika Klimek-Smet 대한수학회 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.3
Let S0 H be the class of normalized univalent harmonic mappings in the unit disk. A subclass VH(k) of S0 H, whose analytic part is function with bounded boundary rotation, is introduced. Some bounds for functionals, specially harmonic pre-Schwarzian derivative, described in VH(k) are given.
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Fekete-Szegö Inequalities for Quasi-Subordination Functions Classes of Complex Order
EL-ASHWAH, RABHA,KANAS, STANISLAWA Department of Mathematics 2015 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.55 No.3
In this paper, we obtain Fekete-$Szeg{\ddot{o}}$ inequalities for certain subclasses of analytic univalent functions of complex order associated with quasi-subordination.
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Kana Kon(Kana Kon ),Yasuharu Nagano(Yasuharu Nagano ),Takashi Oyama(Takashi Oyama ) 사피엔시아 2022 Exercise Medicine Vol.6 No.-
Objectives: This study evaluated prior sports participation and training frequency during elementary to high school and their association with acute and overuse injuries in Japanese college students currently majoring in physical education. Methods: This retrospective study included 292 students who completed questionnaires that assessed their type of sport participation (single sport or multiple sports), training frequency (number of days per week), and injury history (acute and overuse) during the elementary, junior high, and high school periods. Results: In total, 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.2–57.7) of elementary school-aged athletes played multiple sports; this decreased to 22.3% (95% CI: 14.1–30.4) in junior high school and 5.5% (95% CI: 1.0–9.9) in high school. There was a significant difference in the training frequency between those who had overuse injuries and not in elementary (p < 0.05), and junior high school (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that participating in multiple sports through junior high school may lead to improved sports levels (i.e., participation in higher levels of competition). In addition, appropriate management of training frequency may help reduce the incidence of overuse injuries.
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Kanase, Rohini Subhash,Kang, Soon Hyung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2020 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.27 No.4
Copper has been proved to be the best catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, however, for optimal efficiency and selectivity, its performance requires improvements. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using CuO nanowire electrode was performed with different concentrations of KHCO3 electrolyte (0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M). Cu(OH)2 was formed on Cu foil, followed by thermal-treatment at 200℃ under the air atmosphere for 2 hrs to transform it to the crystalline phase of CuO. We evaluated the effects of different KHCO3 electrolyte concentrations on electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (RR) using the CuO nanowire electrode. At a constant current (5mA), low concentrated bicarbonate exhibited a more negative potential -0.77 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) (briefly abbreviated as VRHE), while the negative potential reduced to -0.33 VRHE in the high concentration of bicarbonate solution. Production of H2 and CH4 increased with an increased concentration of electrolyte (KHCO3). CH4 production efficiency was high at low negative potential whereas HCOOH was not influenced by bicarbonate concentration. Our study provides insights into efficient, economically viable, and sustainable methods of mitigating the harmful environmental effects of CO2 emission.
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The Role of Home-Based Care Managers in Japan
Kana Kageyama,Mitsu Ono,Yuki Sawada 한국노인복지학회 2014 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.31 No.-
Surveys were conducted to study the role and function of care managers (CMs) in Japan` s long-term care insurance system by examining work hours and subjective evaluations. Between October and December 2011, we used a self-report time study method with 745 CMs in 308 home-based care management agencies and received responses from 373 people in 153 businesses (50.1% response rate). By performing cluster analysis based on the values of necessity, burden, and achievement in the subjective evaluations of the CMs` duties, we were able to classify 16 duties into two groups; cluster 1 included conclusion of contracts, in-service/seminars, staff supervision, patients` rights advocacy, complaint resolution, direct/nursing care activities, quality improvement activities and facility administration-related activities, and cluster 2 included pre-admission consultations, assessment, care planning activities, team management, consultation, cooperation with the community, indirect care activities, and other. Cluster 2 had a greater rate of occurrence than cluster 1, and more time was spent on these duties. In addition, necessity was higher in cluster 2 than in cluster 1, although burden and achievement were lower. The duties in cluster 2 are consistent with the role of CMs required under the long-term care insurance system. Eleven years of practice have passed since the birth of care management along with the long-term care insurance system; CMs are recognizing the necessity of these duties as realities confronting them become apparent, and the CMs` role has been clarified. The duty with the highest necessity and achievement was patients` rights advocacy. Complaint resolution had the highest burden. In terms of the CMs` role, the possibility of further proactive involvement in patients` rights advocacy and improving the ability to cope with complaint resolution could lead to a reduced burden on CMs.
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Feature Extraction from EEG Signals in P300 Spelling System
Kana Omori,Tomonari Yamaguchi,Katsuhiro Inoue 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Recently, there are many studies on brain computer interface (BCI) system and some use EEG response at oddball paradigms. The aim of this paper is to extract feature (i.e. P300 response) from the EEG signals to improve the spelling system. We propose the method to analyze the averaged EEG signal concerned time and spatial. It is confirmed that the processing period with feature extraction is able to be shortened by averaging multi-channels. Effective information is obtained from the EEG signal near of the center part.
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Kanae Suzuki,Michelle R. Nelson 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Introduction Despite the rise of digital media, TV remains the number one place children spend their media time (Moses, 2014). Past research has shown that less healthy food and beverages such as those containing high fat, sugar, and salt (HFSS) are prominent in TV commercials (e.g., Carter, Patterson, Donovan, Ewing, & Roberts, 2011). In these commercials, various persuasive techniques (e.g., taste/smell, convenience), which promote the purchase of the products, have been used (Hebden, King, & Kelly, 2011). Extensive studies have found that exposure to advertising for HFSS products, including confectionery, soft drinks, crisps or savory snacks, fast food, pre-sugared breakfast cereals, is associated with children‟s cognition, food consumption, and obesity (e.g., Harris, Bargh, & Brownell, 2009; Macklin, 1994; see also Moore, Wilkie, & Desrochers, 2017). Since younger children, especially those in the “perceptual stage” of development, may not understand the persuasive or selling intent of commercials (e.g., John, 1999), they may be vulnerable to this advertising. As a result, several countries such as UK and Ireland (Hawkes, Lobstein, & For the Polmark Consortium, 2011) have introduced restrictions or regulations for broadcasting food and beverage commercials for children. The commercials of HFSS food and beverage have sometimes introduced these products with healthier images and words / phrases like health and nutrition claims. Health claims refer to any representation that states, suggests, or implies that a relationship exists between a food (/beverage) or a constituent of that food (/beverage) and health. Nutrition claims mean any representation which states, suggests or implies that a food (/beverage) has particular nutritional properties including but not limited to the energy value and to the content of protein, fat and carbohydrates, as well as the content of vitamins and minerals (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States & World Health Organization, 2013). Using health messages for HFSS food presents the risk of a biased image of the products (i.e., they are „healthy‟), which may result in unhealthy life styles and conditions. In recent years, there has been regulatory pressure on food advertisers to market their products responsibly (e.g., WHO regulations; Kraak et al., 2016). At the same time, the Children‟s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) emerged, in which several leading companies pledged to market their products to children responsibly (see editorial by Boyland & Harris, 2017). Therefore, we were interested in seeing if food and beverage advertising had changed in 2017. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the relative frequency of food and beverage commercials targeting children with a focus on healthy aspects of the products, their health and nutrition claims, as well as other persuasive techniques. Method A total of twenty hours of programming targeting children was recorded on Nickelodeon and Cartoon Networks in the United States during the hours of 5 p.m. to 10 p.m. on two weekdays in September 2017. The advertisements were coded for product type (“food”, “beverage”, fast-food restaurant (“Restaurant: Quick-service/fast food restaurant”), and sit-down restaurant (“Restaurant: Sit-down restaurant”), food type (e.g., “confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”, “bread”, “fruits”, and “vegetables”) (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, 2016; Suzuki, 2018), and persuasive techniques (e.g., “health claims”, “nutrition claims”, “taste/smell/flavor”, “convenience”, “scientific information”, “celebrities/a well-known person”, and “eating /drinking behavior”) (e.g., Hebden et. al., 2011; Jenkin, Madhvani, Signal & Bowers, 2014; Kraak & Story, 2015; Warren, Wicks, Wicks, Fosu, & Chung, 2008). Food type can be classified into two categories; Less healthy (“confectionary”, “savory snacks”, “sweet bakery wares”, “other sweets/desserts”, “Sugared breakfast cereals”, “pre-prepared convenience foods”) or healthier categories related to other food categories (Ofcom, 2004; Nutrition Australia, 2013; Suzuki, 2018). Seven coders independently evaluated the advertisements, with two coders assigned to every programming block. They were trained for about three weeks to read the coding manual, practice coding and discuss the coding scheme, and revise their coding after receiving feedback of the trial coding. To check coding reliability, two independent coders evaluated the same programs. 94.3% agreement was achieved for product type. Results and discussion A total of 856 commercials appeared. Food and beverage advertisements represented 29.0% (N=248). On average, children were exposed to 12.4 food and beverage advertisements per hour. Of all the food, beverage and restaurant advertisements, “food” and fast-food commercials were frequently broadcasted; 40.7% (N=101) were for “food” commercials, and fast-food restaurant commercials accounted for 43.5% (N=108). 12.1% (N=30) “beverage” commercials and 3.6% (N=9) sit-down restaurant commercials were included. Food, beverage and restaurant commercials were more likely to appear on Nickelodeon (36.2%, N=129) than on the Cartoon network (28.4%, N=419) (χ2=5.43, df=1, p<.05). As for the appearances of product type, “food” advertisements frequently appeared on Nickelodeon (54.6%, N=65), whereas the programs of Cartoon network included a lot of fast food commercials (61.2%, N=79). In examining the appearances of “beverage”, “food”, “fast food”, and “others (except food, beverage, and restaurant)” between the channels, the results showed that the programs of Cartoon network were more likely to broadcast “fast food” commercials than those of Nickelodeon, whereas the programs of Nickelodeon were more likely to broadcast “food” commercials (χ2=38.23, df=3, p<.01)1. The majority of food types were “confectionary” (25.7%, N=26), “savory snacks” (16.8%, N=17), “breakfast cereals” (14.9%, N=15), and “pre-prepared convenience foods” (13.9%, N=14). In classifying various kinds of foods into two big categories related to health (healthier or less healthy) as above-mentioned, less healthy food accounted for 88.1% (N=89). No commercials were categorized into three of the healthier categories (bread, fruits, and vegetables). As persuasive techniques for consumers, “health claims”, and “nutrition claims” were low (8.9%). For example, grape juice produced by Welch‟s used the appeal “sugar free”. In the commercials with nutrition claims, there was no significant difference in the appearance between the “beverage” and “food” commercials (χ2=1.70, df=1, n.s.). The other persuasive techniques like “convenience” (75.8%, N=188), “taste/smell/flavor” (51.2%, N=127), and “eating/drinking behavior” (49.2%, N=122) were frequently used. In contrast, the rates of some techniques (e.g., “celebrities/a well-known person”, “scientific information”) were very low. As for the persuasive technique of “celebrities/a well-known person”, the category of product type was classified in only the “beverage” category. Thus, this study indicated that there were not many less-healthy food commercials that appealed to health and nutrition aspects of the products by using health and nutrition claims, or scientific information. In previous studies, the rate of health and nutrition claims varied between less than 10% to more than 30% (Jenkin et al., 2014). This may be due to the differences in the definitions of health and nutrition claims. Our study referred to the international standard definitions. Therefore, the findings regarding the rate of health and nutrition claims in this study can contribute to overall knowledge about the current spread of health and nutrition claims in “less healthy” food commercials of children‟s television programs. It may also be the case that food companies are acting more responsibly by limiting their persuasion techniques to those that relate to taste or convenience and not by misrepresenting the products as healthy. However, overall, the proportion of less healthy food commercials was high, and various persuasive techniques were used. At the same time, there were no commercials for fruits or vegetables presented during this time frame despite governmental regulations for eating these healthier foods. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the ways that certain foods are promoted (or are not promoted) among parents and policy-makers. As the sample used in this study was recorded only on weekdays and through the two kids' channels. It would be expected that the future study develop the analysis for the recorded commercials on weekends and on the other local channels. The sample used in this study was analyzed only on weekdays and through two children‟s channels. Future research might examine food and beverage advertising across different time frames and channels.
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