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Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy: Moisture content measurement for ceramic plaster
K. M. Aguilar-Castro,J. J. Flores-Prieto,E. V. Macías-Melo 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.1
We measured moisture content of ceramic plaster using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as required by the ceramic industry. The moisture content and the normalized spectral reflectance were measured and correlated at the wavelengths of the spectralabsorptance peaks (αl), spectral sensitivity peaks (Sl) and normalized sensitivity peaks (Sln), in the wavelength range of 900-2500 nm. The best model was obtained by the scanning method, normalizing the sensitivity and doing a minimization of the standard error of estimate(SE). The αl-peaks, Sl-peaks and Sln-peaks were not found at the same wavelength, for the three studied wavebands. The optimalmodel in terms of SE was the linear model at 1420 nm (Sl-peak), for the ceramist drying range with a SE1420=1.25 (R²=0.96). The resultsindicate the feasibility of NIRS to non-contact moisture content measures of plaster in the studied range, even more for ceramist range.
Design and experimental evaluation of a mixed-mode continuous solar dryer for plaster molds
K. M. Aguilar-Castro,J. J. Flores-Prieto,M. E. Baltazar-Lopez,E. V. Macias-Melo 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.9
This work aimed to develop and evaluate a mixed-mode continuous solar dryer for plaster molds for the local craft ceramics industry to reduce the drying time during the pottery manufacturing process. This novel design reduces time and movements in the manufacturing line. Indirect solar energy is used to complement direct solar energy; such a combination allows the continuous drying process to meet the energy requirements and optimize solar energy expenses. The experimental results show that the average evaporation rate is 0.7 kg/hr,the average energy consumption is 2.57 MJ/kg-H2O-evaporated, and the drying time is 4 days. The actual drying time represents 20% to 29% of the total foregoing time employed by Morelos-México craft potters. This finding indicates that the dryer continuously works using 66.4% indirect and 33.6% direct solar energy, thereby entailing lower expenses than traditional continuous drying processes.
Indoor indirect solar dryer for ceramic craft industry
J. J. Flores-Prieto,K. M. Aguilar-Castro,M. E Baltazar-López,G. Alvarez,R. Castillo-Rincón,J. C. Bahena-Bustos 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.1
We report the development of a prototype indirect solar dryer for plaster molds for the ceramic craft industry. The prototype was designedconsidering the reduction of the drying time against the traditional technique, working indoors and using minimal conventionalenergy. The indoor drying chamber has a capacity for 32 plaster molds with a total weight of 425 kg. The drying rate through day andnight, drying efficiency and drying constant were of 0.54 kg-H2O/h, 0.29±0.02% and 0.0094 h-1, respectively. The solar energy suppliedto heat the air of drying was 58% and the remaining 42% was provided by the ambient air. To meet the requirements of the moisturecontent of potters 5.5 days (132 hours) was needed, resulting in a reduction of two-thirds of the traditional drying time of plaster molds(21 days). The continuous rate of drying reveals the solar dryer ability to dry reasonably rapidly under indoor conditions.