Effect of Monensin and Fish Oil Supplementation on Biohydrogenation and CLA Production by Rumen Bacteria In vitro When Incubated with Safflower Oil

Wang, J.H.,Choi, S.H.,Yan, C.G.,Song, M.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2

An in vitro study was conducted to examine the effect of monensin or fish oil addition on bio-hydrogenation of $C_{18^-} unsaturated fatty acids and CLA production by mixed ruminal bacteria when incubated with safflower oil. Commercially manufactured concentrate (1%, w/v) with safflower oil (0.2%, w/v) were added to mixed solution (600 ml) of strained rumen fluid and McDougalls artificial saliva (control). Monensin $Rumensin^{(R)}$, 10 ppm, w/v, MO), mixed fish oil (0.02%, w/v, absorbed to 0.2 g alfalfa hay, FO) or similar amounts of monensin and fish oil (MO+FO) to MO and FO was also added into the control solution. All the culture solutions prepared were incubated in the culture jar anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ up to 12 h. Higher pH (p<0.047) and ammonia concentration (p<0.042) were observed from the culture solution containing MO at 12 h incubation than those from the culture solutions of control or FO. The MO supplementation increased (p<0.0001-0.007) propionate proportion of culture solution but reduced butyrate proportion at 6 h (p<0.018) and 12 h (p<0.001) of incubations. Supplementation of MO or MO+FO increased (p<0.001) the proportions of $C_{18:2}$. The MO alone reduced (p<0.022-0.025) the proportion of c9,t11-CLA compared to FO in all incubation times. The FO supplementation increased the proportion of c9,t11-CLA. An additive effect of MO to FO in the production of c9,t11-CLA was observed at 6 h incubation. In vitro supplementation of monensin reduced hydrogenation of $C_{18^-}$UFAs while fish oil supplementation increased the production of CLA.

Brain Tumor in the First Year of Life: A Single Institute Study

Chung, S.-K Korean Academy of Medical Science 1998 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.13 No.1

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Li-substituted lead-free (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃@?(Bi_0.5K_0.5)TiO₃@?BaTiO₃ ceramics

Wang, L.,Song, T.K.,Lee, S.C.,Cho, J.H.,Sung, Y.S.,Kim, M.H.,Choi, K.S. Elsevier 2010 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.10 No.4

Lead-free 0.79(Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>)TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-0.14[Bi<SUB>0.5</SUB>(K<SUB>0.5-x</SUB>Li<SUB>x</SUB>)]TiO<SUB>3</SUB>-0.07BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> (BNBK79+xLi, x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.4) ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state reaction process. The crystalline structures and surface morphologies are investigated by X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties were measured. With increasing of lithium substitution, the Curie temperatures of BNBK79+xLi ceramics increase, but the maximum value of the dielectric constant decreases. And a relatively large remnant polarization of 17.6μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 157pC/N of d<SUB>33</SUB> has been obtained when x=0.3.

Cas5d Protein Processes Pre-crRNA and Assembles into a Cascade-like Interference Complex in Subtype I-C/Dvulg CRISPR-Cas System

Nam, K.,Haitjema, C.,Liu, X.,Ding, F.,Wang, H.,DeLisa, Matthew P.,Ke, A. Current Biology 2012 Structure Vol.20 No.9

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), together with an operon of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, form an RNA-based prokaryotic immune system against exogenous genetic elements. Cas5 family proteins are found in several type I CRISPR-Cas systems. Here, we report the molecular function of subtype I-C/Dvulg Cas5d from Bacillus halodurans. We show that Cas5d cleaves pre-crRNA into unit length by recognizing both the hairpin structure and the 3' single stranded sequence in the CRISPR repeat region. Cas5d structure reveals a ferredoxin domain-based architecture and a catalytic triad formed by Y46, K116, and H117 residues. We further show that after pre-crRNA processing, Cas5d assembles with crRNA, Csd1, and Csd2 proteins to form a multi-sub-unit interference complex similar to Escherichia coli Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense) in architecture. Our results suggest that formation of a crRNA-presenting Cascade-like complex is likely a common theme among type I CRISPR subtypes.

Hyperoside protects primary rat cortical neurons from neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β-protein via the PI3K/Akt/Bad/Bcl_XL-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

Zeng, K.W.,Wang, X.M.,Ko, H.,Kwon, H.C.,Cha, J.W.,Yang, H.O. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 european journal of pharmacology Vol.672 No.1

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ), which is deposited in neurons as neurofibrillary tangles, is known to exert cytotoxic effects by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt-mediated interaction between Bad and Bcl<SUB>XL</SUB> plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity. However, the application of therapeutic drugs, especially natural products in Alzheimer's disease therapy via PI3K/Akt/Bad/Bcl<SUB>XL</SUB>-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway has not aroused extensive attention. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of hyperoside, a bioactive flavonoid compound from Hypericum perforatum, on Aβ<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced primary cultured cortical neurons, and also examined the potential cellular signaling mechanism for Aβ detoxication. Our results showed that treatment with hyperoside significantly inhibited Aβ<SUB>25-35</SUB>-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by reversing Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. Further study indicated that hyperoside can activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, resulting in inhibition of the interaction between Bad and Bcl<SUB>XL</SUB>, without effects on the interaction between Bad and Bcl-2. Furthermore, hyperoside inhibited mitochondria-dependent downstream caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway, such as that involving caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). These results demonstrate that hyperoside can protect Aβ-induced primary cultured cortical neurons via PI3K/Akt/Bad/Bcl<SUB>XL</SUB>-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and they raise the possibility that hyperoside could be developed into a clinically valuable treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other neuronal degenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

The effect of water pressure on the texture and morphology of MOD-YBCO films on buffered metal substrates

Chung, K C,Yoo, J M,Kim, Y K,Wang, X L,Dou, S X IOP Publishing Ltd 2009 Superconductor science & technology Vol.22 No.2

<P>The influence of water pressure in the metal–organic deposition (MOD) method on the texture and morphology of YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7−<I>X</I></SUB> (YBCO) films grown on buffered metal substrates was investigated. The water pressure was varied from 4.2% to 10.0%, with the other process parameters, such as annealing temperature and oxygen pressure, kept constant. In this work, a YBCO precursor solution was prepared using a fluorine-free Y and Cu precursor solution with the addition of Sm. MOD-YBCO films were fabricated by continuous slot-die coating and calcination, followed by high temperature annealing. Using x-ray diffraction analysis, unreacted phase peaks, such as BaF<SUB>2</SUB> peaks, were found in the samples made at a water pressure of 4.2%; however, the BaF<SUB>2</SUB> peak intensity was much reduced as the water pressure was increased. The higher water pressure of about 10.0% in this experiment led to the poor crystallinity of MOD-YBCO films, possibly due to the fast reaction with the supplied water vapor. Meanwhile, the morphologies of the YBCO films were not much different from each other in the range of water pressure of this work. The maximum critical current density of 3.8 MA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> was obtained when the sample was made at the water pressure of 6.2% and the annealing temperature of 780 °C.</P>

고속 분할법에 의한 교류-직류 전력계통의 조류계산에 관한연구

안병철,정형환,이권순,이준탁,정동일,왕용필 東亞大學校 海洋資源硏究所 1992 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.1

The active and reactive power transfers to and from nodes connected to h.v.d.c. links do not obey the general rules of a.c. power transmission, the active power is independent of phase angle relationships and the reactive power is not directly related to voltage variation. Under such circumstances it is difficult to visualize h.v.d.c. model compatible with the behaviour of the fast decoupled algorithm. However, acknowledging the general acceptance of fast decoupled programes and the existence of some h.v.d.c. links(particularly considering their large power-carrying capacitors) a model of the h.v.d.c. transmission link suitable for incorporation with fast decoupled loadflow programes is described in the following sections.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Binary TiO2:SiO2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films

F. Mei,C. Liu,J. B. Wang,L. Zhou,W. K. Zhao,Y. L. Fang,Y. Y. Ren 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6

Binary TiO2:SiO2 nanocrystalline thin films were prepared using liquid phase deposition at 35 C and annealed in air at temperatures ranging from 100 C to 500 C. The microstructural and the optical properties of the thin films were characterized by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope. The photocatalytic performance of the thin films was evaluated by using photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The results showed that most TiO2 nanocrystallites were uniformly dispersed onto an amorphous SiO2 matrix and that nanopores had been formed on top of the TiO2 nanoparticles, resulting in an improved photocatalytic efficiency due to an increase number of effective adsorption sites. As we increased the annealing temperature, the small crystallites progressively aggregated into larger clusters, reducing the specific surface area of the TiO2 nanocrystallites. Moreover, SiO2 nanopowders moved towards the surface and covered the TiO2, resulting in a decreased photocatalytic activity.e

Cyst-Like Osteolytic Formations in Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) Augmented Sheep Spinal Fusion

Pan, H.C.,Lee, S.,Ting, K.,Shen, J.,Wang, C.,Nguyen, A.,Berthiaume, E.A.,Zara, J.N.,Turner, A.S.,Seim, H.B.,Kwak, J.H.,Zhang, X.,Soo, C. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2017 The American journal of pathology Vol.187 No.7

<P>Multiple case reports using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) have reported complications. However, the local adverse effects of rhBMP-2 application are not well documented. In this report we show that, in addition to promoting Lumbar spinal fusion through potent osteogenic effects, rhBMP-2 augmentation promotes local cyst-like osteolytic formations in sheep trabecular bones that have undergone anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Three months after operation, conventional computed tomography showed that the trabecular bones of the rhBMP-2 application groups could fuse, whereas no fusion was observed in the control group. Micro computed tomography analysis revealed that the core implant area's bone volume fraction and bone mineral density increased proportionately with rhBMP-2 dose. Multiple cyst-Like bone voids were observed in peri-implant areas when using rhBMP2 applications, and these sites showed significant bone mineral density decreases in relation to the unaffected regions. Biomechanically, these areas decreased in strength by 32% in comparison with noncystic areas. Histologically, rhBMP-2 affected void sites had an increased amount of fatty marrow, thinner trabecular bones, and significantly more adiponectin- and cathepsin K-positive cells. Despite promoting successful fusion, rhBMP-2 use in clinical applications may result in local adverse structural alterations and compromised biomechanical changes to the bone.</P>

Valorization of lignocellulosic fibres of paper waste into levulinic acid using solid and aqueous Brønsted acid

Chen, Season S.,Wang, Lei,Yu, Iris K.M.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Hunt, Andrew J.,Jé,rô,me, Franç,ois,Zhang, Shicheng,Ok, Yong Sik,Poon, Chi Sun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.247 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study aims to produce levulinic acid (LA) from paper towel waste in environment-friendly and economically feasible conditions, and evaluate the difference using solid and aqueous Brønsted acids. Direct dehydration of glucose to LA required sufficiently strong Brønsted acidity, where Amberlyst 36 demonstrated rapid production of approximately 30Cmol% of LA in 20min. However, the maximum yield of LA was limited by mass transfer. In contrast, the yield of LA gradually increased to over 40Cmol% in 1M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> at 150°C in 60min. The SEM images revealed the conversion in dilute acids under microwave at 150°C resulting in swelling structures of cellulose, which were similar to the pre-treatment process with concentrated acids. Further increase in reaction temperature to 200°C significantly shortened the reaction time from 60 to 2.5min, which saved the energy cost as revealed in preliminary cost analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 30% of levulinic acid (LA) yielded from paper towel over Amberlyst 36 in 20min. </LI> <LI> Maximum yield of LA was comparable using dilute sulphuric acid at 150 and 200°C. </LI> <LI> Cellulose underwent swelling in dilute acid with microwave heating at 150°C. </LI> <LI> Conversion at 200°C shortened reaction time and reduced total energy consumption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>