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Most Highly Cytokinergic IgEs Have Polyreactivity to Autoantigens
Jun-ichi Kashiwakura,Yoshimichi Okayama,Masutaka Furue,Kenji Kabashima,Shinji Shimada,Chisei Ra,Reuben P. Siraganian,Yuko Kawakami,Toshiaki Kawakami 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.4 No.6
Purpose Monomeric IgE molecules, when bound to the high-affinity receptor, exhibit a vast heterogeneity in their ability to induce survival promotion and cytokine production in mast cells. At one end of this spectrum, highly cytokinergic (HC) IgEs can induce potent survival promotion, degranulation, cytokine production, migration, etc., whereas at the other end, poorly cytokinergic (PC) IgEs can do so inefficiently. In this study, we investigated whether IgEs recognize autoantigens and whether IgEs' binding of autoantigens correlates with difference s in HC versus PC properties. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to test whether IgEs bind antigens. Histamine-releasing factor in human sera was quantified by western blotting. Cultured mast cells derived from human cord blood were used to test the effects of human sera on cytokine production. Results Most (7/8) of mouse monoclonal HC IgEs exhibited polyreactivity to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), β-galactosidase, thyroglobulin and/or histamine-releasing factor. By contrast, mouse PC IgEs failed to react with these antigens. A human monoclonal HC IgE also showed polyreactivity to histamine-releasing factor, dsDNA and ssDNA. Interestingly, sera from atopic dermatitis patients showed increased reactivity to ssDNA and β-galactosidase and increased levels of histamine-releasing factor. Some atopic dermatitis patients, but not healthy individuals, had substantial serum levels of HRF-reactive IgE. Sera from atopic dermatitis patients with high titers of DNA-reactive IgE could induce several fold more IL-8 secretion in human mast cells than sera from healthy individuals. Conclusions The results show that most HC, but not PC, IgEs exhibit polyreactivity to autoantigens, supporting the autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Histamine-Releasing Factor and Immunoglobulins in Asthma and Allergy
Toshiaki Kawakami,Jun-ichi Kashiwakura,Yuko Kawakami 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.1
Factors that can induce the release of histamine from basophils have been studied for more than 30 years. A protein termed histamine-releasing factor (HRF) was purified and molecularly cloned in 1995. HRF can stimulate histamine release and IL-4 and IL-13 production from IgE-sensitized basophils and mast cells. HRF-like activities were found in bodily fluids during the late phase of allergic reactions, implicating HRF in allergic diseases. However, definitive evidence for the role of HRF in allergic diseases has remained elusive. On the other hand, we found effects of monomeric IgE on the survival and activation of mast cells without the involvement of a specific antigen, as well as heterogeneity of IgEs in their ability to cause such effects. The latter property of IgE molecules seemed to be similar to the heterogeneity of IgEs in their ability to prime basophils in response to HRF. This similarity led to our recent finding that ~30% of IgE molecules can bind to HRF via their Fab interactions with two binding sites within the HRF molecule. The use of peptide inhibitors that block HRF-IgE interactions revealed an essential role of HRF to promote skin hypersensitivity and airway inflammation. This review summarizes this and more recent findings and provides a perspective on how they impact our understanding of allergy pathogenesis and potentially change the treatment of allergic diseases.
Jun Kato,Mihoko Kawakami 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.1
To quantitatively analyze the effects of burning, we conducted a vegetation survey in the grasslands in Kirigamine, central Japan. We classified each species into stages of succession based on the life-history traits of the species and defined the score of the species in each stand based on the classification. We weighted the scores with a v-value, the product of coverage and height in the quadrat, and summed them to calculate the index of dynamic status. With these indices, we were able to quantitatively compare the stands in the study area and discern minute differences between the stands with different lengths of restoration periods since the disturbance of burning. These indices correlated with the v-value of trees,suggesting that the disturbance of burning seemed to affect the trees in the stand. We then calculated the growth of the tree species Pinus densiflora to evaluate its contribution to the index of dynamic status.
Kato, Jun,Kawakami, Mihoko The Ecological Society of Korea 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.1
To quantitatively analyze the effects of burning, we conducted a vegetation survey in the grasslands in Kirigamine, central Japan. We classified each species into stages of succession based on the life-history traits of the species and defined the score of the species in each stand based on the classification. We weighted the scores with a v-value, the product of coverage and height in the quadrat, and summed them to calculate the index of dynamic status. With these indices, we were able to quantitatively compare the stands in the study area and discern minute differences between the stands with different lengths of restoration periods since the disturbance of burning. These indices correlated with the v-value of trees, suggesting that the disturbance of burning seemed to affect the trees in the stand. We then calculated the growth of the tree species Pinus densiflora to evaluate its contribution to the index of dynamic status.
Synthesis of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> using novel water-assisted solid state reaction method
WATANABE, Mizuki,INOI, Jun,KIM, Sun Woog,KANEKO, Tatsuro,TODA, Ayano,SATO, Mineo,UEMATSU, Kazuyoshi,TODA, Kenji,KOIDE, Junko,TODA, Masako,KAWAKAMI, Emiko,KUDO, Yoshiaki,MASAKI, Takaki,YOON, Dae Ho Ceramic Society of Japan 2017 JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN - Vol.125 No.6
<P>Single phase of orthorhombic Li2SiO3 was synthesized via a novel soft-chemical synthesis method, water assisted solid state reaction method at 343-353K for 60 min. The crystal structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the estimated size of the particles is 50-200 nm. The XRD patterns and SEM images were compared to those of samples by a conventional solid state method at 1173K for 4 h. (C) 2017 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.</P>
Yoshihide Kanno,Shinsuke Koshita,Takahisa Ogawa,Hiroaki Kusunose,Kaori Masu,Toshitaka Sakai,Keisuke Yonamine,Yujiro Kawakami,Yuki Fujii,Kazuaki Miyamoto,Toji Murabayashi,Fumisato Kozakai,Jun Horaguchi 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.6
Background/Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of localized stenosis of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) forearly detection of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Among 689 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography from January 2008 to September 2018, 19patients with MPD findings were enrolled. These patients showed findings for indicating suspicious pancreatic cancer at an early stage(FiCE); FiCE was defined as a single, localized stenosis in the MPD without a detectable mass (using any other imaging methods) andwithout other pancreatic diseases, such as definite chronic pancreatitis, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, and autoimmunepancreatitis. Final diagnoses were established by examining resected specimens or through follow-up examinations after an interval of>5 years. Results: Among 19 patients with FiCE, 11 underwent surgical resection and 8 were evaluated after a >5-year observation period. Thefinal diagnosis of the MPD stenosis was judged to be pancreatic cancer in 9 patients (47%), including 3 with intraepithelial cancer, andto be a non-neoplastic change in 10. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of preoperative pancreatic juice cytology were 75%, 100%,and 88%, respectively. Conclusions: The predictive value of FiCE for pancreatic cancer prevalence was 47%. Histological confirmation with pancreatic juicecytology is necessary before surgical resection.