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Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes in female firefighters in Korea
Juha Park,Yeon-Soon Ahn,Min-Gi Kim 대한직업환경의학회 2020 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: Female firefighters are exposed to hazardous environmental (chemical and physical) and working (shift work, psychological, and ergonomic factors) conditions that have reported or are suspected of adverse effects on reproductive health. However, no previous studies have reported on pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes (PCPOs) in female firefighters. Methods: The present study compared hospital admissions for PCPOs, based on 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) codes, among Korean female firefighters with those of the general Korean population. Standardized admission ratios (SARs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The study population included 1,766 female firefighters. Total follow-up duration was 9,659 person-years. Compared to the general female population, the female firefighters" SARs were higher in all admissions for PCPOs (SAR, 1.92; 95% CI: 1.79–2.05); pregnancy and abortive outcomes (SAR, 1.56; 95% CI: 1.12–2.12); other maternal disorders predominantly related to pregnancy (SAR, 2.65; 95% CI: 1.99–3.46); maternal care related to the fetus, amniotic cavity, and possible delivery problems (SAR, 2.13; 95% CI: 1.74–2.57); labor and delivery complications (SAR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15–2.06); delivery (SAR, 1.94; 95% CI: 1.80–2.08); and complications predominantly related to puerperium (SAR, 4.68; 95% CI: 2.02–9.23). Conclusion: The results of this study showed high SARs in all and specific subcategories of PCPOs in female firefighters.
Effect of night shift work on the control of hypertension and diabetes in workers taking medication
Juha Park,Sang-Yeop Shin,Yangwon Kang,Jeongbae Rhie 대한직업환경의학회 2019 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.31 No.-
Background: Night shift work induces physiological and psychological stress by altering sleep and biological rhythms and is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have been conducted on the control of hypertension and diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of night shift work on the control rate of hypertension and diabetes. Methods: Subjects comprised workers aged 20–65 years who underwent specific health examination at a single facility in seven different affiliated examination centers from 1 January to 31 December 2016. Workers were categorised into day workers and night shift workers. Demographic and medical history were taken, and physical examination was done. Blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose were measured. The control rate of each disease was evaluated based on treatment goals presented in the treatment guidelines of the Korean Society of Hypertension and the Korean Diabetes Association (systolic BP < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≤ 130 mg/dL). Results: Among 631,418 subjects, 11.2% (70,450) were night shift workers. Of whom 6.1% (4,319) were taking antihypertensive medication and 2.5% (1,775) were taking diabetes medication. Among patients taking antihypertensive medications, the proportion of those whose BP was controlled to suit treatment goals was 81.7% (26,635) of day workers and 77.4% (3,343) of night shift workers, which was significantly different (p < 0.001). Among patients taking diabetes medications, the proportion of those whose blood glucose was controlled to suit treatment goals was 37.4% (4,489) of day workers and 36.5% (647) of night shift workers, but the difference was not significant. The control rates for patients taking antihypertensive medications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.80) were lower among night shift workers than day workers with adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, there were no differences in control rates for patients taking diabetes medications (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87–1.10) between day workers and night shift workers. Conclusions: Night shift work can have an effect on the uncontrolled BP in workers taking antihypertensive medications. Therefore, additional efforts for disease control are necessary for night shift workers with hypertension.
( Juha Park ),( Hee-jin Yoo ),( Ah-ran Yu ),( Hye Ok Kim ),( Sang Cheol Park ),( Young Pyo Jang ),( Chayul Lee ),( Wonchae Choe ),( Sung Soo Kim ),( Insug Kang ),( Kyung-sik Yoon ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.4
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in breast cancer and Myxococcus fulvus KYC4048 is a myxobacterial strain that can produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. Although a previous study revealed that KYC4048 metabolites exhibit anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer, the biochemical mechanism involved in their effects remains unclear. In the present study, KYC4048 metabolites were separated into polar and non-polar (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) fractions via liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of these polar and non-polar KYC4048 metabolites on the viability of breast cancer cells were then determined by MTT assay. Expression levels of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The results revealed that non-polar KYC4048 metabolites induced cell death of breast cancer cells and decreased expression levels of WNT2B, β-catenin, and Wnt target genes (c-Myc and cyclin D1). Moreover, the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites was found most effective in inducing apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle arrest, leading us to conclude that it can induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide evidence that the n-hexane fraction of non-polar KYC4048 metabolites can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
패션 디자인의 저작권법 보호를 위한 질적 메타분석과 제언
박주하 ( Juha Park ) 서경대학교 디자인연구소 2022 디자인 이노베이션 연구 Vol.8 No.0
본 연구의 목적은 패션 디자인의 저작권법상 보호를 위한 가능성과 한계점을 고찰하고 이를 토대로 의미 있는 제언을 도출하는 것이다. 연구는 질적 자료를 취합하여 통합적 논의를 끌어내는 질적 메타분석으로 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 패션 디자인의 저작권법 보호를 논의한 20편의 연구와 저작권법과 관련된 국내 15개의 판례, 디자인보호법에 관한 문헌을 종합적으로 검토하였다. 패션 디자인은 예술성과 대량생산이라는 상업적 측면이 공존한다. 따라서 연구에서는 관련 판례와 선행연구자들의 평석을 통해 모든 패션 디자인이 저작권법의 보호를 받을 수는 없다는 결론에 도달하였다. 예를 들어 전통적인 대상에 일부 변형을 가하는 경우, 창작에 이용된 모티브가 공공의 영역에 속하거나 단순 표현인 경우, 그리고 의류의 외관 형태가 제품의 주된 미적 요소일 때 저작권법의 보호를 받기 힘들 것으로 보인다. 반대로 원단 위에 표현된 직물 디자인이나 동일한 형상으로 다른 곳에 복제 가능한 캐릭터는 응용미술저작물의 요건인 분리 가능성을 충족하여 저작권법상 보호가 가능할 것이다. 다음으로 국외의 IDPPPA 법안이나 트레이드 드레스, 그리고 다양한 분리 가능성 테스트와 같은 법리를 참조하여 국내의 미흡한 법률 제도 개선을 고려할 필요가 있어 보인다. 마지막으로 법은 창작자의 디자인 권리를 구제하고 피해를 구제하는 후속 조치이므로 패션 산업에서 사전적인 보호를 위한 장기적인 교육을 지속하여야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibilities and limitations of fashion design for protection under the copyright law and derive meaningful suggestions based on this. The study was conducted as a qualitative meta-analysis that draws an integrated discussion based on previous studies and cases on topics. For the study, 20 studies about the protection of the copyright law of fashion design, 15 domestic precedents related to the copyright law, and studies about the design protection act were comprehensively discussed. Fashion design is an area that shares the opposite aspects of artistry and popularity based on mass production. Therefore, the study concluded that not all fashion designs can be protected by copyright law through related precedents and reviews by previous study. For example, there were three cases where it was difficult to be protected by copyright law. when partial modifications were made to traditional objects, when the motif is a common design or belonged to the public domain, and when the silhouette of clothes was the main aesthetic element of the product. Next, it seems necessary to consider improving the domestic legal system by referring to laws such as overseas IDPPPA bills, trade dresses, and various separability tests. Finally, since the law is a follow-up measure to relieve the designer’s design right and demage, long-term education for proactive protection in the fashion industry should be contined.