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비육후기 거세한우 용 사료작물 사일리지 TMR의 소 체내 이용성 조사
Shinekhuu Jugder,최성호,이정주,이경근,이상석,송만강 한국초지조사료학회 2013 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구는 국내에서 생산된 주요 동계 사료작물인 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지를 이용하여 거세 한우의 비육후기(25~30개월 령) 용으로 조제된 TMR의 소 체내 이용성을배합사료 및 볏짚으로 구성된 관행 사료와 비교하고자 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 3 x 3 Latin squaredesign 방법으로 실시되었다. 시험동물에는 비육 후기용 배합사료 및 볏짚을 분리 급여하였거나 (대조구) 청보리 사일리지 TMR (BS-TMR) 또는 청호밀 사일리지 TMR (RSTMR)을 급여하였다. 전체 채취시간에 걸쳐 반추위액의pH, 암모니아 농도 및 총 휘발성지방산 농도는 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. Acetate (C2)의 조성 비율은 사료 급여후 1시간에서 청보리 사일리지를 섭취한 처리구 (BS-TMR)에서 낮은 (p<0.033) 값을 제외하고는 대부분의 채취시간에서 시험사료 간 차이가 없었다. Propionate (C3) 및 butyrate조성비율과 C2/C3 비율 역시 모든 채취시간에서 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. 사료 내 주요 성분의 반추위 유효분해율과 전장소화율은 전체 시험사료 간은 물론 BS-TMR과RS-TMR 간에도 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 대사시험 결과로 미루어보아 청보리 및 청호밀로 제조된 TMR의급여 가치가 배합사료 및 볏짚의 분리급여와 차이가 없는것으로 여겨진다. The present study was conducted with three ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein cattle in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to determine the fermentation characteristics and effective degradability (ED) in the rumen, as well as the whole tract digestibility of whole crop silage based total mixed ration (TMR) in comparison with conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw for late fattening Hanwoo steers. The cattle in each group were fed separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw (control), whole crop barley silage based TMR (BS-TMR) or whole crop rye silage based TMR (RS-TMR). The ruminal fermentation characteristics such as pH, ammonia-N concentration and total volatile fatty acid were not affected by the experimental diet. The molar portion of acetate (C2) was lowest in rumen fluid 1 h after feeding when cattle were fed BS-TMR (p<0.033). Molar proportions of propionate (C3), butyrate and C2/C3 were not influenced by the experimental diet. There were no differences in effective degradability or whole tract digestibility of feed components among any of the experimental diets. The data obtained from the metabolism trial indicate that the feeding value of TMR with BS or RS is equal to that of a conventional separate feeding of concentrate and rice straw.
Analysis of dust storms observed in Mongolia during 1937-1999
Natsagdorj, L.,Jugder, D.,Chung, Y.S. 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2004 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.8
Climatology of dust storms in Mongolia is compiled based on observational data of 49 meteorological stations from 1960 to 1999 and compared them with data between 1937 and 1989. Three different maps of the distribution of dust storms, drifting dust and the number of dusty days are presented. The results of the analysis show that the number of days with dust storms is <5 days over the Altai, the Khangai and the Khentei mountainous regions and more than 20-37 days in the Gobi Desert and semi-desert-area. The greatest occurrence of drifting dust arises around the Mongol Els area of west Mongolia. The number of dusty days, which is derived from the sum of the number of days with dust storms and drifting dust is < 10 days in the mountainous area and 61-127 days in the Gobi Desert and the Great Lakes hollow of west Mongolia. It is found that 61% of dust storms occur in the spring in Mongolia and a dust storm lasts on average from 3.1 to 6.0 h. About 65.5-91.0% of dust storms occur in daytime and 9.0-34.5% at night. Dust storms occur more frequently in the city region and are accompanied by surface wind speeds usually from 6 lo 20 ms^(-1). Dust storms usually occur when soil and air are dry, and 70% of dust storms occur in dry soil conditions. When dust storms occur, relative humidity averages 20-40% in Mongolia. An important outcome of this study is the trend of dusty days between 1960 and 1999. It shows that the number of dust/days has tripled from the 1960s to 1990s and has decreased since 1990.
CHUNG, Y.S.,KIM, H.S.,JUGDER, D.,NATSAGDORJ, L.,CHEN, S.J. 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2004 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.8
Monitoring of the occurrence of sandstorms and dustfall phenomena from 1997 to 2000 was carried out. We refer to sandstorms, duststorms and blowing sand as the phenomena occurring in the source region, while significant dustfall is the phenomenon that occur in the sink area. It was noted that while the sandstorms in deserts and loess in NW-N China and Mongolia occurred any time during the year while severe sandstorms occurred frequently from March to May after the spring thaw. The wind erosion in the source region usually occurred with wind speeds greater than 8 ms^(-1). However, severe sandstorm phenomenon occurred with wind greater than 15 ms^(-1) for at least 3 hr or more. In the source regions, sandstorms occurred over 60-120 days per year. In Mongolia, the observation of the number of sandstorm days decreased due to the increase in rainy days. When a dust cloud from a desert reached the sink region, significant dustfall in the Korean Peninsula occurred due to the lack of strong winds. We defined the episode of significant dustfall (SD) with the following values: TSP≥250, PM_(10)≥190㎍m^(_3) and visibility 6.5 km or less. In Korea, 8-12 episodes of SD occurred per year with 12 to 22 SD days. The maximum concentrations of TSP recorded were 989-1396 ㎍m^(-3) with PM_(10) values of 861-996 ㎍m^(-3) and with the lowest visibility of 1.4-1.6 km.
On heavy dustfall observed with explosive sandstorms in Chongwon-Chongju, Korea in 2002
Chung, Yong-seung,Kim, Hak-sung,Dulam, Jugder,Harris, Joyce 한국교원대학교 환경과학연구소 2004 환경연구논문집 Vol.- No.8
Continuous monitoring of sand and duststorms (SD) and associated heavy dustfall (HD) is made in Korea. In particular, accurate measurements of atmospheric dust loadings have been carried out with the tapered element oscillating microbalance method, and satellite detection of dust clouds is included in the analysis. In 2002, we found three gigantic dust clouds that moved over the Korean Peninsula, and associated HD occurred with PM10 values of 1 106-3006 ㎍m^(-3). In Beijing. China much higher concentrations were recorded, while in SW Japan measured values were up to 986 ㎍m^(-3). Two SD occurred in March and April, while the third one occurred unusually in November. During the year, there were nine cases of reddish-brown sand with 18 dusty days. The intensity of HD was extraordinary for the recent decade. It was observed that with invading SD, the higher the PM10 values the lower the PM2.5 loadings. Also, variations of visibility were more depending on PM2.5 variations than PM10 values. It is shown that satellite detection is a useful technique in monitoring SD and HD.